ASTM D5828-97(2011)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Compatibility of Supplemental Coolant Additives (SCAs) and Engine Coolant Concentrates
Standard Test Method for Compatibility of Supplemental Coolant Additives (SCAs) and Engine Coolant Concentrates
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test was developed to mimic the formation of insolubles observed in some heavy-duty diesel cooling systems during the mid 1980s. It measures the compatibility of SCA and coolant concentrate solutions according to their tendency to form insolubles in service. Such insoluble materials may accumulate within a cooling system, restrict heat transfer through radiator cores, and contribute to the damage of components such as water pumps.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the compatibility of commercial SCA and commercial ethylene and propylene glycol engine coolant concentrates. This test method focuses on the solubility of specific chemical species formed in the engine coolant. The short duration of the test (24 h), among other restrictions, makes the test method of limited use for sorting out a variety of chemical compatibility problems in which a component of the SCA may react with a component of the coolant additive package. The test as currently written also does not deal with the issue of hard water compatibility, in which a component of the coolant or SCA additive package reacts with the hardness (Ca and Mg) to form a precipitate.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D5828 − 97 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Method for
Compatibility of Supplemental Coolant Additives (SCAs) and
Engine Coolant Concentrates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5828; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections to Section 7 were made in June 2011.
INTRODUCTION
Supplemental coolant additives (SCAs) are used to impart special properties, usually resistance to
cavitation corrosion, to engine coolants used in diesel engines with replaceable cylinder liner sleeves.
Engines with this design require additives that are not normally found in commercial engine coolant
concentrates.
1. Scope E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers determination of the compat-
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
ibility of commercial SCA and commercial ethylene and
D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
propylene glycol engine coolant concentrates.This test method
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
focuses on the solubility of specific chemical species formed in
D3585 Specification forASTM Reference Fluid for Coolant
the engine coolant.The short duration of the test (24 h), among
Tests
other restrictions, makes the test method of limited use for
sorting out a variety of chemical compatibility problems in
3. Terminology
which a component of the SCAmay react with a component of
the coolant additive package. The test as currently written also
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
does not deal with the issue of hard water compatibility, in
3.1.1 engine coolant concentrate—an undiluted ethylene or
which a component of the coolant or SCA additive package
propylene glycol containing additives and only a small amount
reacts with the hardness (Ca and Mg) to form a precipitate.
of water, usually less than 5 %.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.2 reference engine coolant concentrate—a standard ma-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
terial prepared according to the formulary given in Annex A2
only.
of this test method. This material should not be confused with
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
reference coolant in accordance with Specification D3585.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 reference supplemental coolant additive (SCA)—a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
standard SCA prepared according to the formulary given in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Annex A1 of this test method.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.4 supplemental coolant additive—a liquid or solid ma-
2. Referenced Documents
terial that is added to a coolant at a specified concentration.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Summary of Test Method
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D15 on Engine
4.1 A mixture of engine coolant concentrate and deionized
CoolantsandRelatedFluidsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD15.11
water containing approximately twice the recommended con-
on Heavy Duty Coolants.
centration of SCA is heated to 88°C (190°F) for 24 h. The
CurrenteditionapprovedJan.1,2011.PublishedJune2011.Originallypublished
solution is centrifuged after returning to ambient temperature,
as D5828 – 95. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D5828– 97 (2002). DOI:
10.1520/D5828-97R11.
and the amount of insoluble material is determined volumetri-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
cally and compared to the amount of insolubles obtained with
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
a mixture of standard reference SCA and reference engine
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. coolant.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D5828 − 97 (2011)
5. Significance and Use 7.5 Nichrome Wire, or stainless steel wire.
5.1 This test was developed to mimic the formation of 7.6 Filter Paper, Whatman No. 4 or equivalent.
insolublesobservedinsomeheavy-dutydieselcoolingsystems
7.7 Plastic Containers, to store solutions. Polyethylene or
during the mid 1980s. It measures the compatibility of SCA
polypropylene containers with screw caps are satisfactory.
and coolant concentrate solutions according to their tendency
7.8 Acetone. WARNING: Acetone is flammable.
to form insolubles in service. Such insoluble materials may
accumulate within a cooling system, restrict heat transfer
7.9 Isopropyl Alcohol.
through radiator cores, and contribute to the damage of
8. Procedure
components such as water pumps.
8.1 Compatibility testing of SCAshall be conducted using a
6. Apparatus
ratio of 60 parts of coolant concentrate to 40 parts of a
6.1 Two-pan General Laboratory Balance, 1 to 2-kg capac-
water-SCA mixture. The level of SCA in the total 60:40
ity.
mixture will be approximately twice the SCA manufacturer’s
6.2 Centrifuge Tube, 100-mL capacity in accordance with recommended concentration.
Test Method D1796.
8.2 Fill a 100-mL centrifuge tube to the 60-mL mark with
6.3 Centrifuge, capable of maintaining 500 rcf, with trun- coolant concentrate.
nions and specimen holders suitable for the tube described in
8.3 Determine the volume of water to be added based on the
6.2.
physical state and the recommended concentration of SCA to
6.4 Constant Temperature Oil Bath, or equivalent, capable be evaluated. Add this volume of water to the centrifuge tube
of maintaining the test temperature at 88°C (190°F), within using a graduated cylinder. For example, if the SCAis a liquid
to be added at the recommended concentration of 3 % by
61°C (2°F).
volume, twice the recommended concentration is 6 % or 6 mL.
6.5 Condenser Tube, glass, approximately 5-mm outside
The volume of water to be added is 34 mL. This is 100 mL
diameter by 3-mm inside diameter by 300-mm long.
(volume of the centrifuge tube) less 60 mL(volume of coolant
6.6 Rubber Stoppers, to fit the centrifuge tube with a single
concentrate required) less 6 mL (volume of SCA required).
hole for the glass condenser tube.
NOTE1—Usinghardwaterwillgreatlyinfluencetheamountofsolubles
6.7 Rubber Stoppers, as above but without a hole.
formed. Testing the purity of the water with a conductivity meter is
recommended.
6.8 Graduated Cylinder, 100-mL capacity to deliver.
NOTE 2—If the SCA is a solid, prepare a sufficient volume of a
6.9 Pipette, to deliver volumes from 1 to 10 mL in 1-mL concentrated solution of the SCA in deionized water.
increments.
8.4 Pipette the required volume of SCA into the mixture of
coolantconcentrateandwater.Thesequenceofmixingmustbe
6.10 Analytical Balance, for preparing reference materials
as follows: coolant concentrate, water, SCAsolution. Cap with
and capable of weighing within an accuracy of 60.2 mg or
a solid rubber stopper and agitate thoroughly.
better.
NOTE 3—Glycol and water mixtures exhibit a volume contraction due
7. Reagents and Materials
to the partial molal volume effect. The final volume of the mixture should
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Regent grade chemicals shall be
be less than 100 mL, as indicated in Fig. 1.
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
8.5 In a similar manner, add 60 mL of reference coolant
all reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on
concentrate, 34 mL of deionized water, and 6 mL of reference
Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where
SCA solution to a second 100-mL centrifuge tube, and agitate
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used,
thoroughly. The reference coolant must be used within 30 days
provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
of preparation. Discard and prepare a new reference if any
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of
insoluble material is observed.
the determination.
8.6 Replace the rubber stoppers with clean air condensers
7.2 Coolant Concentrate, and SCA for evaluation.
prepared by inserting a 300-mm (12-in.) length of glass tubing
7.3 Reference SCA, and coolant concentrate solutions (see through a properly sized one-hole stopper.
Annex A1 and Annex A2).
8.7 Insert a length of dry Nichrome or stainless steel wire
7.4 Deionized Water, in accordance with Specification into the condenser past the bottom of the condenser tube.
D1193. Immerse the centrifuge tube to the level of the solution in a
constanttemperaturebathat88°C(190°F)for24h(seeFig.1).
Hercamp and Hudgens, “Silicate Gelation in Heavy-Duty Engine Cooling
NOTE 4—The purpose of the wire is to provide a means of directing
Systems,” Paper No. 852327, Society of Automotive Engineers, December 1985.
condensate
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