ASTM D1039-94(2004)

Standard Test Methods for Glass-Bonded Mica Used as Electrical Insulation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This characteristic is useful for specification purposes and has utility as a quality control parameter.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the characteristics of glass-bonded, natural, or synthetic mica materials intended for use as electrical insulation.
1.2 Glass bonded mica materials are commercially available in both injection molded and compression molded types. These test methods are applicable to both types except for tensile strength methods. (See Section .)
1.3 The test methods appear in the following sections:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See also Sections 45, 49, 54, and 58.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Jun-1994
• Technical Committee: D09 - Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1039-94(1999)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Glass-Bonded Mica Used as Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-1994
• Replaced By: ASTM D1039-94(2010) - Standard Test Methods for Glass-Bonded Mica Used as Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D1039–94 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Methods for
Glass-Bonded Mica Used as Electrical Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1039; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the charac-
C674 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Ceramic
teristics of glass-bonded, natural, or synthetic mica materials
Whiteware Materials
intended for use as electrical insulation.
D116 Test Methods for Vitrified Ceramic Materials for
1.2 Glassbondedmicamaterialsarecommerciallyavailable
Electrical Applications
in both injection molded and compression molded types.These
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
test methods are applicable to both types except for tensile
Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
strength methods. (See Section 41.)
at Commercial Power Frequencies
1.3 The test methods appear in the following sections:
D150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Per-
Test Method Section ASTM Test Method
mittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insula-
Arc Resistance 57-59 D495
Compressive Strength 33-35 D695
tion
Conditioning 5 D618
D256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum
Dielectric Strength 48-51 D149
Impact Resistance of Plastics
Dissipation Factor 43-47 D150 and D2149
Heat Distortion Temperature 24-29 D648
D257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of
Impact Resistance 36-39 D256
Insulating Materials
Modulus of Rupture 30-32 D790 and C674
Permittivity 43-47 D150 and D2149 D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
Porosity 13-16 D116
lation
Resistivity, Volume and Surface 52-56 D257
D495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, DryArc
Rockwell Hardness 10-12 D785
Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation
Specific Gravity 6-9 D792
Specimens 4
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
Tensile Strength 40-42 D638 and D651
D648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics
Terminology 3 D1711
Thermal Conductivity 17-19 C177 and E1225 Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position
Thermal Expansion 20-23 E228 and E289
D651 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Molded Electri-
Thickness 49 and 54 D374
cal Insulating Materials
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Plastics
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Electrical Insulating Materials
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See also Sections
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
45, 49, 54, and 58.
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
2. Referenced Documents
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
D2149 Test Method for Permittivity (Dielectric Constant)
And Dissipation Factor Of Solid Dielectrics At Frequen-
cies To 10 MHz And Temperatures To 500°C
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
D6054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Ma-
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of
terials for Testing
Subcommittee D09.19 on Dielectric Sheet and Roll Products.
E228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
Current edition approved June 15, 1994. Published August 1994. Originally
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 1990 as D1039 – 65 (1990). Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
DOI: 10.1520/D1039-94R04.
E289 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Rigid
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D1039–94 (2004)
Solids with Interferometry 11. Procedure and Report
E1225 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Solids by
11.1 From specimens obtained in accordance with Section 4
Means of the Guarded-Comparative-Longitudinal Heat
and conditioned in accordance with Section 5, determine and
Flow Technique
report the Rockwell hardness in accordance with Procedure A
ofTestMethodD785.UsetheRockwellAscaleifthehardness
3. Terminology
is 115 or less, otherwise use the Rockwell E scale.
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard see
Terminology D1711. 12. Precision and Bias
12.1 The precision and bias statement of Test Method D785
4. Test Specimens
applies to the materials covered in these test methods.
4.1 Except for thermal expansion and thermal conductivity
tests and unless otherwise specified for injection molded TEST METHOD C: POROSITY
materials, the preferred form of specimen is a disk approxi-
13. Significance and Use
mately 100 mm diameter and 2.5 to 7.5 mm thickness.
Alternatively, injection molded specimens may have the final
13.1 This characteristic serves as a measure of the integrity
shape and form of the finished device.
of the material. The test is useful for quality control and
4.2 Except for thermal expansion and thermal conductivity
specification purposes.
tests and unless otherwise specified for compression molded
materials, the preferred form of specimen is a disk 100 to 150 14. Specimens
mm diameter, or a square plate 100 to 150 mm on a side, with
14.1 Prepare specimens in accordance with Section 4 and
thickness 2.5 to 7.5 mm. The plate or disk may be molded to
condition them in accordance with Section 5. Then break the
size or machined from a compression molded sheet.
material in accordance with the porosity sections of Method B
4.3 For thermal expansion test specimens use specimens in
of Test Methods D116.
accordance with Test Method E228 or Test Method E289 as
appropriate.
15. Procedure and Report
4.4 For thermal conductivity specimens use specimens in
15.1 Test the glass-bonded mica for porosity and report the
accordance with Test Method E1225.
results in accordance with Test Methods D116.
5. Conditioning
16. Precision and Bias
5.1 Unless otherwise specified, condition all samples and
16.1 The precision and bias statement of Test Methods
test specimens in accordance with Procedure A of Practice
D116 applies to the materials covered in this standard.
D6054, except condition all thicknesses for at least 16 h.
TEST METHOD D: THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
TEST METHOD A: SPECIFIC GRAVITY
17. Significance and Use
6. Significance and Use
17.1 Knowledge of this property of glass-bonded mica is
6.1 This characteristic is useful for specification purposes
important for design of electrical apparatus. The test is useful
and has utility as a quality control parameter.
for quality control and specification purposes.
7. Test Specimens
18. Procedure and Report
7.1 From specimens obtained in accordance with Section 4
18.1 Using specimens obtained in accordance with Section
and conditioned in accordance with Section 5, cut pieces
4, make determinations and report the results for thermal
weighing from 5 to 25 g and prepare them in accordance with
conductivity in accordance with Test Method E1225.
Test Methods D792.
NOTE 1—If thermal conductivity values are required over a broader
temperature range or of a lower order of magnitude than obtainable with
8. Procedure and Report
Test Method E1225, Test Method C177 has been found to be satisfactory
8.1 Determine specific gravity and report the results in
for measurement of the thermal conductivity perpendicular to the surface
accordance with Test Methods D792.
of specimens having large areal dimensions.
9. Precision and Bias 19. Precision and Bias
19.1 The precision and bias statement of the referenced test
9.1 The precision and bias statement of Test Methods D792
applies to the materials covered in these test methods. methods apply to the materials covered in these test methods.
TEST METHOD E: THERMAL EXPANSION
TEST METHOD B: ROCKWELL HARDNESS
10. Significance and Use 20. Significance and Use
10.1 This property is useful as a quality control test and has 20.1 Data on thermal expansion of glass-bonded mica is
application for use in specifications. useful for a designer to match materials in a component so as
D1039–94 (2004)
to minimize mechanical strains caused by temperature varia- 27. Procedure
tions encountered by the component in service. The data is
27.1 Determine the heat distortion temperature in accor-
useful to estimate the amount of strain that may develop in
dance with Test Method D648 except start the test at 300 °C.
service.
Allow each specimen to reach equilibrium before obtaining the
20.2 The interferometric method is better suited for exami-
initial readings.
nation of physically small specimens, interfaces, or local areas
27.2 Increase the temperature 50 °C.
that are under investigation. The dilatometer method is not as
27.3 Maintain the increased temperature for 60 6 5 min
precise or sensitive as the interferometric method but the
before taking readings.
dilatometer method is useful at higher temperatures and can
27.4 Continue the 50 °C interval increments until the bar
accommodate larger specimens. The results of the dilatometer
deflects 0.25 mm or more. The temperature at which 0.25 mm
method are more representative of large pieces.
deflection occurs is the heat distortion temperature.
21. Procedure 28. Report
28.1 Report the following information:
21.1 Using specimens obtained in accordance with Section
28.1.1 The three dimensions of the specimen,
4, measure the thermal expansion characteristics of the glass-
28.1.2 The distance between the supports,
bonded mica in accordance with either Test Method E228 or
28.1.3 Theloadandthestressappliedtoeachspecimen,and
Test Method E289.
28.1.4 The heat distortion temperature for each specimen.
22. Report
29. Precision and Bias
22.1 Report the following information:
29.1 The precision and bias statement of Test Method D648
22.1.1 The identity of the glass-bonded mica,
applies to the materials covered in these test methods.
22.1.2 The method used,
22.1.3 Thethermalexpansionforthespecimenexpressedas
TEST METHOD G: MODULUS OF RUPTURE
a change in linear dimensions resulting from a specific change
in temperature, and
30. Significance and Use
22.1.4 The temperature range used.
30.1 The modulus of rupture is a convenient means for
comparing mechanical properties of glass-bonded mica from
23. Precision and Bias
different producers.
30.2 The method is useful for quality control and specifica-
23.1 The precision and bias statement of the referenced test
tion purposes.
methods apply to the materials covered in these test methods.
31. Procedure and Report
TEST METHOD F: HEAT DISTORTION
31.1 Takecylindricalspecimens13mmindiameterand150
TEMPERATURE
mm in length and test and report in accordance with Test
Methods C674.
24. Significance and Use
NOTE 2—The specimens should conform to the dimensions suggested
24.1 This test is useful for the comparison of material from
in Table 1 of Test Methods D790 as closely as is practicable.
different producers. It may be used as a specification require-
ment.
32. Precision and Bias
32.1 TheprecisionandbiasstatementofTestMethodsC674
25. Apparatus
applies to the materials covered in these test methods.
25.1 Aset-up for support and loading of the specimen and a
meansformeasuringthedeflectionisdescribedinTestMethod
TEST METHOD H: COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
D648. Modifications of this set-up in accordance with 25.2 are
found satisfactory for use on specimens of glass-bonded mica. 33. Significance and Use
25.2 The materials of construction of theTest Method D648
33.1 The test results have utility for quality control and
apparatus must be capable of withstanding exposure up to 600
specification purposes. It is useful in comparison of glass-
°C.The oven used for heating of the specimen shall be capable
bonded mica from different producers.
of temperature control within 65 °C throughout the tempera-
ture range 300 to 600 °C.
34. Procedure and Report
34.1 TakespecimensinaccordancewithTestMethodD695.
26. Test Specimens
Determine and report compressive strength in accordance with
Test Method D695.
26.1 Cut bars of glass-bonded mica approximately 120 by
13 mm with thickness of 3 to 13 mm. Prepare at least two
35. Precision and Bias
specimens for testing at each load stress mandated by Test
Method D648. Measure each specimen dimension to the 35.1 The precision and bias statement of Test Method D695
nearest 0.02 mm and record these measurements. applies to the materials covered in these test methods.
D1039–94 (2004)
TEST METHOD I: IMPACT RESISTANCE 44. Specimens
44.1 Prepare and condition specimens in accordance with
36. Significance and Use
Sections 4 and 5 of these test methods if relative permittivity
36.1 The test measures the reaction of the material to a very
and dissipation factor at room temperature and 50 % relative
sudden application of forces on a very concentrated area of a
humidity are required.
specimen. This reaction is a measure of the brittleness of
44.2 If these properties are to be evaluated at high humidity,
glass-bonded mica.
apply silver paint electrodes to the specimens following the
36.2 The test result has utility for quality control and
concepts of Test Methods D150, which deal with electrode
specification purposes.
systems comprised of conducting paint or fired-on silver.
NOTE 3—These electrodes are sufficiently porous to permit diffusion of
37. Specimens
moisture.
37.1 Prepare rods 13 6 1 mm in diameter, conforming to
44.3 For high humidity testing, condition specimens in
11.5 of Test Method D256.
accordance with Procedure C of Practice D6054, which is 96 h
37.2 Condition specimens in accordance with Section 5 of
at 90 % relative humidity and 35 °C.
these test methods.
44.4 For high temperature testing, prepare specimens hav-
ing dimensions that are in accordance with Test Method
38. Procedure and Report
D2149.
38.1 Determine impact resistance a
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