ASTM D2024-09(2023)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Nonionic Surfactants
Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Nonionic Surfactants
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The cloud point temperature is a reproducible characteristic of certain pure nonionic surfactants. It is also characteristic of certain nonionic surfactant formulated systems. This test method is appropriate for both systems.
Note 1: If the transition from a distinctly cloudy to a clear solution is not sharp, that is, if it does not take place within a range of 1 °C, this test method is not appropriate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the “cloud point” of nonionic surfactants or detergent systems. Cloud Point is the temperature at which dissolved components (solids or liquids) are no longer completely soluble, precipating as a second phase giving the fluid a cloudy appearance. It is limited to those surfactants and detergent systems for which the visible solubility change occurs over a range of 1 °C or less at concentrations of 0.5 % to 1.0 % in DI water between 30 °C and 95 °C.
1.2 Chemical Limitations—Nonionic surfactants that exhibit a characteristic cloud point in general terms consist of a water-in-soluble moiety condensed with 50 % to 75 % by weight of ethylene oxide. If the level of ethoxylation is too low the surfactant may not be water soluble at temperatures less than 30 °C, and if it is too high no cloud point may exist.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2024 − 09 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
Cloud Point of Nonionic Surfactants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2024; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
3.1 The cloud point temperature is a reproducible charac-
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the
“cloud point” of nonionic surfactants or detergent systems. teristic of certain pure nonionic surfactants. It is also charac-
teristic of certain nonionic surfactant formulated systems. This
Cloud Point is the temperature at which dissolved components
(solids or liquids) are no longer completely soluble, precipating test method is appropriate for both systems.
as a second phase giving the fluid a cloudy appearance. It is
NOTE 1—If the transition from a distinctly cloudy to a clear solution is
limited to those surfactants and detergent systems for which the
not sharp, that is, if it does not take place within a range of 1 °C, this test
visible solubility change occurs over a range of 1 °C or less at method is not appropriate.
concentrations of 0.5 % to 1.0 % in DI water between 30 °C
4. Interferences
and 95 °C.
4.1 Ionic surfactants or detergents in concentrations down to
1.2 Chemical Limitations—Nonionic surfactants that exhibit
1 % or less of the nonionic surfactant drastically raise the
a characteristic cloud point in general terms consist of a
characteristic cloud point of the latter. The presence of salts and
water-in-soluble moiety condensed with 50 % to 75 % by
bases (that is, non-surface active materials) will lower the
weight of ethylene oxide. If the level of ethoxylation is too low
characteristic cloud point, while acids tend to raise the cloud
the surfactant may not be water soluble at temperatures less
point.
than 30 °C, and if it is too high no cloud point may exist.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Thermometer—An ASTM Partial Immersion Thermom-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
eter having a range from −20 °C to +150 °C or 0 °F to 302 °F
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
and conforming to the requirements for Thermometer 1C or 1F
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
in accordance with Specification E1.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
6. Procedure
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
6.1 Prepare a 1.0 % test solution by weighing a 1 g 6 0.1 g
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
sample into a 150 mL beaker and add 99 g of distilled or
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
de-mineralized water which is at a temperature of less than
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
30 °C, that is, room temperature. Mix until the sample is
dissolved; initial sample should be clear and homogeneous.
2. Referenced Documents
Pour 50 mL 6 2 mL of test solution into a 25 mm by 20
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