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ASTM C1644-06

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Resilient Connectors Between Reinforced Concrete On-Site Wastewater Tanks and Pipes

Standard Specification for Resilient Connectors Between Reinforced Concrete On-Site Wastewater Tanks and Pipes

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the minimum performance and material requirements for resilient connectors used for connections between reinforced concrete tanks used for septic effluent treatment/detention. All materials shall be suitable for use in sanitary sewage applications. Each connector design shall be tested in accordance with the requirements specified. The following test methods shall be performed: straight alignment; axial deflection; and shear loading.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the minimum performance and material requirements for resilient connectors used for connections between reinforced concrete tanks used for septic effluent treatment/detention, including those referenced in Specifications C 913 and C 1227.
1.1.1 These connectors are designed to eliminate leakage between the pipe(s) and tank.
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C 1644 has been developed-C 1644M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.Note 1
This specification covers the design, material, and performance of the resilient connection only. Connections covered by this specification are adequate for hydrostatic pressures up to 5 psi (11.5 ft) without leakage when tested in accordance with Section 7. Infiltration or exfiltration quantities for an installed system are dependent upon many factors other than the connectors between tanks and pipes, and allowable quantities must be covered by other specifications and suitable testing of the installed pipe and system.
The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2006
ICS
23.040.60 - Flanges, couplings and joints
Technical Committee
C27 - Precast Concrete Products
Drafting Committee
C27.30 - Water and Wastewater Containers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C1644-06(2011) - Standard Specification for Resilient Connectors Between Reinforced Concrete On-Site Wastewater Tanks and Pipes
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM C1227-23 - Standard Specification for Precast Concrete Septic Tanks
Effective Date
01-Jul-2006

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ASTM C1644-06 - Standard Specification for Resilient Connectors Between Reinforced Concrete On-Site Wastewater Tanks and PipesASTM C1644-06 - Standard Specification for Resilient Connectors Between Reinforced Concrete On-Site Wastewater Tanks and Pipes
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ASTM C1644-06 - Standard Specification for Resilient Connectors Between Reinforced Concrete On-Site Wastewater Tanks and Pipes
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1644 – 06
Standard Specification for
Resilient Connectors Between Reinforced Concrete On-Site
Wastewater Tanks and Pipes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1644; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
Products
1.1 This specification covers the minimum performance and
C913 Specification for Precast Concrete Water and Waste-
material requirements for resilient connectors used for connec-
water Structures
tions between reinforced concrete tanks used for septic effluent
C1227 Specification for Precast Concrete Septic Tanks
treatment/detention, including those referenced in Specifica-
D395 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set
tions C913 and C1227.
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-
1.1.1 These connectors are designed to eliminate leakage
plastic Elastomers—Tension
between the pipe(s) and tank.
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C1644
D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to
has been developed—C1644M; therefore, no metric equiva-
Chemical Reagents
lents are presented in this specification.
D573 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
NOTE 1—This specification covers the design, material, and perfor-
Oven
mance of the resilient connection only. Connections covered by this
D624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vul-
specification are adequate for hydrostatic pressures up to 5 psi (11.5 ft)
canized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers
without leakage when tested in accordance with Section 7. Infiltration or
D746 Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics
exfiltration quantities for an installed system are dependent upon many
factors other than the connectors between tanks and pipes, and allowable and Elastomers by Impact
quantities must be covered by other specifications and suitable testing of
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
the installed pipe and system.
D1149 Test Methods for Rubber Deterioration—Cracking
in an Ozone Controlled Environment
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
D1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber
test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification. This
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
Hardness
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
3. Terminology
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
3.1 Definitions:
tions prior to use.
3.1.1 Terms relating to plastics and rubber shall be as
2. Referenced Documents
defined in Terminologies D883 and D1566, respectively.
3.1.2 Terms relating to precast concrete tanks, and related
2.1 ASTM Standards:
products shall be as defined in Terminology C822 and as
A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-
modified in 3.1.3-3.1.5.
Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure
3.1.3 connector—the entire assembly including resilient
Vessels and for General Applications
seals and metallic or nonmetallic mechanical devices, if any,
used therein.
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C27 on Precast
3.1.4 pipe—the inlet or outlet pipe connected to the tank.
Concrete Structures and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.30 on
3.1.5 pipe stub—a short section of pipe, installed in the
Precast Concrete Septic Tanks and Grease Interceptors.
Current edition approved July 1, 2006. Published July 2006. DOI: 10.1520/ structure as an inlet or outlet pipe, for future connection.
C1644-06.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4. Materials and Manufacture
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.1 All materials shall be suitable for use in sanitary sewage
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. applications.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1644 – 06
TABLE 1 Resilient Material Tests
A
Test Test Requirements ASTM Test Method
Chemical Resistance
1 N sulfuric acid No weight loss D543, at 22°C for 48 h
1 N hydrochloric acid No weight loss
Tensile strength 1000 psi, min D412
Elongation at break 350 %, min
B
Hardness 65 from manufacturer’s specified hardness D2240 (Type A Durometer)
Accelerated oven-aging Decrease of 15 %, max, of original tensile strength, D573,70 6 1°C for 7 days
Decrease of 20 %, max, of original elongation
Compression set Decrease of 25 %, max, of original deflection D395, method B, at 70°C for 22 h
Water absorption Increase of 10 %, max, of original by weight D471, immerse 0.75 by 2 in. specimen
in distilled water at 70°C for 48 h
Ozone resistance Rating 0 D1149
Low-temperature brittle point No fracture at –40°C D746
Tear resistance 150 lbf/in., min. D624, Die B
A
Specimens shall be prepared from connector specimens, and shall not be prepared from laboratory slabs or by direct molding.
B
The connector manufacturer shall select the hardness appropriate for each component of the connector. Thereafter, the hardness shall comply within the tolerances
in Table 1.
4.1.1 Resilient Materials—Resilient materials for connec- connector conforms to the specification with regards to design
tors shall be manufactured from natural or synthetic materials and freedom from defects.
and shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1
6.3 When requested, a current certification shall be fur-
and 4.1. If a splice is used in the manufacture of the seal, its
nishedasthebasisofacceptance.Thecertificationshallconsist
strength shall be such that the splice can withstand a 180° bend
of the connector manufacturer’s test report, or statement by the
with no visible separation.
manufacturer, accompanied by a copy of the test results, that
4.1.2 Mechanical Devices—Expansionrings,tensionbands,
the resilient connector has been tested and inspected in
and take-up devices used for mechanically compressing the
accordance with the provisions of Table 1 and Section 7.
resilient portion of the connector against the pipe, or tank shall
NOTE 3—Certification shall be deemed current, if it represents present
be made from a material or materials in combination that will
design, and bears a date that is no more than five years older th
...

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ASTM C1644-06(2017)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Resilient Connectors Between Reinforced Concrete On-Site Wastewater Tanks and Pipes

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the minimum performance and material requirements for resilient connectors used for connections between reinforced concrete tanks used for septic effluent treatment/detention. All materials shall be suitable for use in sanitary sewage applications. Each connector design shall be tested in accordance with the requirements specified. The following test methods shall be performed: straight alignment; axial deflection; and shear loading.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the minimum performance and material requirements for resilient connectors used for connections between reinforced concrete tanks used for septic effluent treatment/detention, including those referenced in Specifications C913 and C1227.  
1.1.1 These connectors are designed to eliminate leakage between the pipe(s) and tank.  
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C1644 has been developed—C1644M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.
Note 1: This specification covers the design, material, and performance of the resilient connection only. Connections covered by this specification are adequate for hydrostatic pressures up to 5 psi (11.5 ft) without leakage when tested in accordance with Section 7. Infiltration or exfiltration quantities for an installed system are dependent upon many factors other than the connectors between tanks and pipes, and allowable quantities must be covered by other specifications and suitable testing of the installed pipe and system.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM A182/A182M-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers forged or rolled alloy and stainless steel pipe flanges, forged fittings, and valves and parts for high-temperature service. After hot working, forgings shall be cooled to a specific temperature prior to heat treatment, which shall be performed in accordance with certain requirements such as heat treatment type, austenitizing/solution temperature, cooling media, and quenching. The materials shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, columbium, titanium. The material shall conform to the requirements as to mechanical properties for the grade ordered such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, Brinell hardness. All H grades and grade F 63 shall be tested for average grain size.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers forged low alloy and stainless steel piping components for use in pressure systems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts to specified dimensions or to dimensional standards, such as the ASME specifications that are referenced in Section 2.  
1.2 For bars and products machined directly from bar or hollow bar (other than those directly addressed by this specification; see 6.4), refer to Specifications A479/A479M, A739, or A511/A511M for the similar grades available in those specifications.  
1.3 Products made to this specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. For larger products and products for other applications, refer to Specifications A336/A336M and A965/A965M for the similar ferritic and austenitic grades, respectively, available in those specifications.  
1.4 Several grades of low alloy steels and ferritic, martensitic, austenitic, and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels are included in this specification. Selection will depend upon design and service requirements. Several of the ferritic/austenitic (duplex) grades are also found in Specification A1049/A1049M.  
1.5 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.  
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.  
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F3110-14(2024)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Proper Use of Mechanical Trenchless Point Repair Sleeve with Locking Gear Mechanism for Pipes of Varying Inner Diameter and Offset Joints

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is for use by design engineers, specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, installers, and inspection organizations who are involved in the rehabilitation of pipes through the use of a Mechanical Trenchless Point Repair Sleeve with a Locking Gear Mechanism for Pipes of Varying Inner Diameter and Offset Joints within a damaged existing pipe.  
4.2 This practice applies to the following types of defects in pipe that can be repaired: longitudinal, radial and circumferential cracks, fragmentation, leaking joints, displacement or joint misalignment, closing or sealing unused laterals, corrosion, spalling, wear, leaks in the barrel of the pipe, deformation in the pipe and root penetration. There are no limitations on the diameters of the laterals that can be sealed. The degree of deformation that can be repaired is dependent on the minimum and maximum diameters for which the sleeve is applicable as listed in the tables of dimensions shown in Appendix X1 but shall never exceed 5 %.  
4.3 This practice applies to pipes made of vitrified clay, concrete, reinforced concrete, plastics, glass reinforced plastics, cast iron, ductile iron and steel for both pressure and non-pressure applications.  
4.4 In this practice, no issues of snagging waste or build-up of sludge or sediment have been recorded to date; the performance of this sleeve, however, depends on many factors; therefore, past operational records may not include all possible future conditions under which the user may install these sleeves.  
4.5 The suitability of the technology covered in this practice for a particular application shall be jointly decided by the authority, the engineer and the installer.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes minimum requirements for good practices for the materials and installation of mechanical trenchless repair sleeve with a locking gear mechanism for pipes of varying inner diameter and offset joints in the range of 6 in. to 72 in. (150 mm to 1800 mm).  
1.2 This practice applies to storm, potable water, wastewater and industrial pipes, conduits and drainage culverts.  
1.3 When the specified materials are used in manufacturing the sleeve and installed in accordance with this practice, the sleeve shall extend over a predetermined length of the host pipe as a continuous, tight fitting, corrosion resistant and verifiable non-leaking pipe repaired using one or more pieces of the repair sleeve mechanism. The maximum internal pressure this sleeve can carry depends on the diameter and the wall thickness, ranging from 10 to 15 bars; the external pressure shall not exceed 1.5 bars.  
1.4 All materials in contact with potable water shall be certified to meet NSF/ANSI 61/372.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E3167/E3167M-18(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conventional Pulse-Echo Ultrasonic Testing of Polyethylene Electrofusion Joints

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended primarily for the manual ultrasonic scanning of electrofusion joints used in the construction and maintenance of polyethylene piping systems.  
5.2 Polyethylene piping has been used instead of steel alloys in the petrochemical, power, water, gas distribution, and mining industries due to its reliability and resistance to corrosion and erosion.  
5.3 This practice is not intended to provide 100 % joint examination. This practice specifies a minimum scanning grid that represents only a portion of the welded interface. As such, there exists a possibility of omitting flaws. In addition, selected areas of the welded interface may not be accessible. The extent of examination shall be specified in the contractual agreement.  
5.4 The joining process can be subject to a variety of flaws including, but not limited to, lack of fusion, particulate contamination, short-stab depth, inclusions, and voids.  
5.5 Polyethylene material can have a range of acoustic characteristics that make electrofusion joint examination difficult. Polyethylene materials are highly attenuative, which often limits the use of higher ultrasonic frequencies. It also exhibits a natural high frequency filtering effect. An example of the range of acoustic characteristics is provided in Table 1.6 The table notes the wide range of acoustic velocities reported in the literature. This makes it essential that the reference blocks are made from pipes with the same Specification D3350 density cell classification as the electrofusion fitting examined. (A) A range of velocity and attenuation values have been noted in the literature (1-9).  
5.6 Polyethylene is reported to have a shear velocity of 987 m/s. However, due to extremely high attenuation in shear mode (on the order of 5 dB/mm [127 dB/inch] at 2 MHz) no practical examinations can be carried out using shear mode (6).  
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1.1 This practice establishes a procedure for ultrasonic testing (UT) of electrofusion joints in polyethylene pipe systems. This practice provides one ultrasonic examination procedure for ultrasonic pulse-echo straight beam contact testing, using straight-beam longitudinal waves introduced by direct contact of the search unit with the material being examined.  
1.2 The practice is intended to be used on polyethylene electrofusion socket (for example, couplings) and saddle (for example, tees) fittings for use on polyethylene pipe ranging in diameters from nominal 0.5 in. to 12 in. [12 mm to 300 mm] with pipe dimension ratios (DR) ranging from 6.3 to 17. Greater and lesser thicknesses and greater and lesser diameters may be tested using this practice if the technique can be demonstrated to provide adequate detection on mockups of the same wall thickness and geometry.  
1.3 This practice does not address ultrasonic examination of butt fusions. Ultrasonic testing of polyethylene butt fusion joints is addressed in Practice E3044/E3044M.
Note 1: The notes in this practice are for information only and shall not be considered part of this practice.
Note 2: This standard references HDPE and MDPE materials for pipe applications defined by Specification D3350.  
1.4 This practice does not specify acceptance criteria. Refer to Specification F1055 and Practice F1290 for destructive acceptance criteria.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended for the semi-automated or automated ultrasonic examination of electrofusion joints used in the construction and maintenance of polyethylene piping systems.  
5.2 Polyethylene piping has been used instead of steel alloys in the petrochemical, power, water, gas distribution, and mining industries due to its reliability and resistance to corrosion and erosion.  
5.3 The joining process can be subject to a variety of flaws including, but not limited to: lack of fusion, cold fusion, particulate contamination, inclusions, short stab depth, and voids.  
5.4 Polyethylene material can have a range of acoustic characteristics that make electrofusion joint examination difficult. Polyethylene materials are highly attenuative, which often limits the use of higher ultrasonic frequencies. It also exhibits a natural high frequency filtering effect. An example of the range of acoustic characteristics is provided in Table 1.6 The table notes the wide range of acoustic velocities reported in the literature. This makes it essential that the reference blocks are made from pipe grade polyethylene with the same density cell class as the electrofusion fitting examined. (A) A range of velocity and attenuation values have been noted in the literature (1-9).  
5.5 Polyethylene is reported to have a shear velocity of 987 m/s. However, due to extremely high attenuation in shear mode (on the order of 5 dB/mm (127 dB/in.) at 2 MHz) no practical examinations can be carried out using shear mode (6).  
5.6 Due to the wide range of applications, joint acceptance criteria for polyethylene pipe are usually project-specific.  
5.7 A cross-sectional view of a typical joint between polyethylene pipe and an electrofusion coupling is illustrated in Fig. 1.
FIG. 1 Typical Cross-Sectional View of an Electrofusion Coupling Joint
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) of electrofusion joints in polyethylene pipe systems. Although high density polyethylene (HDPE) and medium density polyethylene (MDPE) materials are most commonly used, the procedures described may apply to other types of polyethylene.  
Note 1: The notes in this practice are for information only and shall not be considered part of this practice.
Note 2: This standard references HDPE and MDPE for pipe applications defined by Specification D3350.  
1.2 This practice does not address ultrasonic examination of butt fusions. Ultrasonic testing of polyethylene butt fusion joints is addressed in Practice E3044/E3044M.  
1.3 Phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) of polyethylene electrofusion joints uses longitudinal waves introduced by an array probe mounted on a zero degree wedge. This practice is intended to be used on polyethylene electrofusion couplings for use on polyethylene pipe ranging in diameters from nominal 4 in. to 28 in. (100 mm to 710 mm) and for coupling wall thicknesses from 0.3 in. to 2 in. (8 mm to 50 mm). Greater and lesser thicknesses and diameters may be tested using this standard practice if the technique can be demonstrated to provide adequate detection on mockups of the same geometry.  
1.4 This practice does not specify acceptance criteria.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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ASTM F3124-23a(Practice)
Standard Practice for Data Recording the Procedure used to Produce Heat Butt Fusion Joints in Plastic Piping Systems or Fittings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The Device record includes information about how the heat butt fusion joint was made (heater temperature, pressures and times for the heating, fusion and cooling steps) and other important information about the process, job, equipment used, etc. The Device record is compared to the specified heat butt fusion procedure parameters to determine if the procedure was followed correctly. For comparison purposes, a graph of time versus pressure is generated from the data record to show pressure changes that occur during the butt fusion process. Comparing the time versus pressure graph to the steps in the procedure helps determine that the procedure parameters were observed, (Note 1). (See Appendix X1.) These records may be downloaded from the device and stored.  
5.2 When used in conjunction with manually-operated machines, the Device records information about the procedure used, the operator, the equipment, and the piping material. The Device may capture photographs of the set up (alignment and cleanliness) as well as the completed fusion bead. These records may be downloaded from the device and stored.
Note 1: The Device cannot show all aspects of the heat butt fusion conditions (such as wind, cold weather, blowing dust and sand, etc.) and does not preclude periodic joint testing as described in the applicable fusion standard or procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice specifies the data recording information that is recorded, when data recording equipment is used, on heat butt fusion joints in a plastic piping system in order to compare the procedure used in making the joint to the heat butt fusion joining procedure specified. This practice is suitable for use with all heat butt fusion joining procedures such as Practice F2620, Specification F3372, Specification F2945 international standards or other qualified procedures. This practice primarily applies to hydraulically operated heat butt fusion machines and can be utilized for documenting heat butt fusion joints completed with manually-operated fusion machines.  
1.2 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM A126-04(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Valves, Flanges, and Pipe Fittings

ABSTRACT
This guide covers standard specification for three classes of gray iron for castings intended for use as valve pressure retaining parts, pipe fittings, and flanges. Chemical analysis shall be performed in each lot and shall conform to the required chemical composition for phosphorous and sulfur. Tension test shall be conducted on each class of gray iron castings and shall conform to the specified values of tensile strength. Tension test specimens shall have threaded ends and shall conform to the prescribed dimensions.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers three classes of gray iron for castings intended for use as valve pressure-retaining parts, pipe fittings, and flanges.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C1879-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Installation of Aluminum and Stainless Steel Jacketing over Thermal Insulation on Pipe and Rigid Tubing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice applies to materials manufactured in accordance with Specification C1729 (aluminum jacketing) or Specification C1767 (stainless steel jacketing). This standard is intended to provide a basic practice for installing these types of materials. Refer to Specifications C1729 and C1767 for information on the differences between aluminum and stainless steel jacketing and where each is considered for use.  
5.2 This practice is not intended to cover all aspects associated with installation for all applications, including factory and field fabricated pipe fitting covers.
Note 1: Consult the National Commercial & Industrial Insulation Standards (MICA), Guide C1696, the product manufacturer, and/or project specifications for additional recommendations.  
5.3 Metal jacketing is typically used on insulated piping located outdoors, including, but not limited to, process areas and rooftops. Metal jacketing is used indoors where greater resistance to physical damage is required, for appearance, for improved fire performance, or as otherwise preferred. Metal jacketing used outdoors serves the same functions as indoors and also protects the insulation system from weather.  
5.4 Metal jacketing is used over all types of pipe insulation materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers recommended installation techniques for aluminum and stainless steel jacketing for thermal and acoustic pipe insulation operating at either above or below ambient temperatures and in both indoor and outdoor locations. This practice applies to materials manufactured in accordance with Specification C1729 (aluminum jacketing) or Specification C1767 (stainless steel jacketing). It does not address insulation jacketing made from other materials such as mastics, fiber-reinforced plastic, laminate jacketing, PVC, or rubberized or modified asphalt jacketing, nor does it cover the details of thermal or acoustical insulation systems.  
1.2 The purpose of this practice is to optimize the performance and longevity of installed metal jacketing and to minimize water intrusion through the metal jacketing system. This document is limited to installation procedures for metal jacketing over pipe insulation up to a pipe size of 48 in. NPS and does not encompass system design. This practice does not cover the installation of metal jacketing on rectangular ducts or around valves and gauges. It excludes the installation of spiral jacketing on cylindrical insulated ducts but is applicable to metal jacketing on cylindrical insulated ducts installed similarly to pipe insulation jacketing. Guide C1423 provides guidance in selecting jacketing materials and their safe use.  
1.3 For the purposes of this practice, it is assumed that the aluminum or stainless steel jacketing is of the correct size necessary to cover the thermal insulation system on the pipe or rigid tubing while achieving the longitudinal overlaps specified in 8.2.2 and 8.3.2. The size of the aluminum or stainless steel jacket necessary to achieve this specified longitudinal overlap closure is a complex topic for which the detailed requirements are outside the scope of this practice. Achieving this fit is very important to the performance of the total insulation system. See Appendix X1 for general information and recommendations regarding this closure of aluminum and stainless steel jacketing installed over thermal pipe and rigid tubing insulation.  
1.4 The intrusion of water or water vapor into an insulation system will, in some cases, cause undesirable results such as corrosion under insulation, loss of insulating ability, and physical damage to the insulation system. Minimizing the movement of water through the metal jacketing system is only one of the important factors in helping maintain good long-term performance of the total insulation system. There are many other important factors including proper performance and installation of the insulation, vapor retarder, and ...

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ASTM
ASTM A865/A865M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Threaded Couplings, Steel, Black or Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded or Seamless, for Use in Steel Pipe Joints

ABSTRACT
This guide covers standard specification for black or galvanized welded or seamless threaded steel couplings for use with steel pipe joints in NPS 1/8 to NPS 20 [DN 6 to DN 500] inclusive. The steel for both welded and seamless couplings shall be made by one or more of the following processes: open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen. Welded couplings NPS 3½ [DN 90] and under may be butt-welded. Welded couplings over NPS 3½ [DN 90] shall be electric-welded. The steel shall conform to the required chemical composition for phosphorus and sulfur.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers black or galvanized welded or seamless threaded steel couplings for use with steel pipe in NPS 1/8 to NPS 20 [DN 6 to DN 500] inclusive (Note 1). Couplings ordered under this specification are intended for the uses outlined in the pipe specifications referencing this specification.  
Note 1: The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) and DN [diameter nominal] has been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as nominal diameter, size, and nominal size.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
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ASTM
ASTM F1311-90(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Large–Diameter Fabricated Carbon Steel Flanges

ABSTRACT
This specification provides design and construction criteria for large diameter flanges for use in high temperature, low pressure service such as internal combustion engine exhaust and forced ventilation systems. The flanges shall be classified according to types as follows: Type I and Type II. Number of holes, hole diameter, and bolt circle are identical for both Type I and Type II flanges. Drilling of flanges shall be in accordance with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides design and construction criteria for large diameter flanges sizes 14 NPS to 144 NPS, for use in high temperature (1000 °F), low pressure service (25 psig), such as internal combustion engine exhaust and forced ventilation systems.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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