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ASTM D4689-12(2018)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Adhesive, Casein-Type

Standard Specification for Adhesive, Casein-Type

ABSTRACT
This specification covers casein and other protein-based adhesives in the form of dry powder or granular product for use in adhering wood to wood. This specification provides testing procedures and specifies requirements to differentiate the physical, adhesive, and durability properties of commercially available casein and casein-protein adhesives. Adhesives are classified as class B (water resistant) and class C (dry use). Testing procedures include working life, block shear strength, plywood shear test, and storage life. The adhesive shall conform to the viscosity requirement, working life, block shear, tension, and storage life of this specification. Other requirements include instruction sheet, packing, and marking requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers casein and other protein-blend adhesives for use adhering wood to wood. The adhesive type covered by this specification is a dry powder or granular product comprising a mixture of casein, or casein and other protein source, with the necessary dry chemicals to effect solution when the mixture is added to water.  
Note 1: Although the term casein adhesive is used throughout this specification, historically, the adhesive subclass described in 1.1 has been known as casein glue. See Terminology D907, adhesive types.  
1.2 Limitations—Cooked casein adhesives are not covered by this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Sections 8 through 13, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jul-2018
ICS
83.180 - Adhesives
Technical Committee
D14 - Adhesives
Drafting Committee
D14.30 - Wood Adhesives
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D2556-14(2018) - Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Adhesives Having Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties Using Rotational Viscometry
Effective Date
01-Nov-2018
Refers
ASTM D899-00(2018) - Standard Practice for Applied Weight Per Unit Area of Liquid Adhesive
Effective Date
01-Nov-2018
Refers
ASTM D5266-13(2020) - Standard Practice for Estimating the Percentage of Wood Failure in Adhesive Bonded Joints
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Refers
ASTM D906-98(2017) - Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Plywood Type Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
Effective Date
01-Aug-2017
Refers
ASTM D906-20 - Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Plywood Type Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Referred By
ASTM D6465-99(2016) - Standard Guide for Selecting Aerospace and General Purpose Adhesives and Sealants
Effective Date
01-Aug-2018

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ASTM D4689-12(2018) - Standard Specification for Adhesive, Casein-TypeASTM D4689-12(2018) - Standard Specification for Adhesive, Casein-Type
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ASTM D4689-12(2018) - Standard Specification for Adhesive, Casein-Type
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4689 −12 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Specification for
1
Adhesive, Casein-Type
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4689; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D899 Practice for Applied Weight Per Unit Area of Liquid
Adhesive
1.1 This specification covers casein and other protein-blend
D905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive
adhesives for use adhering wood to wood. The adhesive type
Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
covered by this specification is a dry powder or granular
D906 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in
product comprising a mixture of casein, or casein and other
Plywood Type Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
protein source, with the necessary dry chemicals to effect
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
solution when the mixture is added to water.
D1084 Test Methods for Viscosity of Adhesives
NOTE 1—Although the term casein adhesive is used throughout this
D2556 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Adhesives
specification, historically, the adhesive subclass described in 1.1 has been
Having Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties Using Ro-
known as casein glue. See Terminology D907, adhesive types.
tational Viscometry
1.2 Limitations—Cooked casein adhesives are not covered
D5266 Practice for Estimating the Percentage of Wood
by this specification.
Failure in Adhesive Bonded Joints
E104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical by Means of Aqueous Solutions
3
2.2 Other Standards:
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard. MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
FED-STD-123 Marking for Shipment
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
PPP-C-96 Cans, Metal, 28 Gage and Lighter
test method portion, Sections 8 through 13, of this specifica-
PPP-D-723 Drums, Fiber
tion: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
PPP-D-729 Drums, Shipping and Storage, Steel, 55 Gal
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
(208 L)
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety,
health, and environmental practices and determine the appli-
3. Terminology
cability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions—Many terms in this specification are de-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
fined in Terminology D907.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.1 lot, n—adhesive manufactured at one place from the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
same batch or blends of raw materials subjected to the same
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
operation and conditions.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
NOTE 2—In this specification, the maple block lamination in Test
2. Referenced Documents
Method D905 and the birch plywood construction in Test Method D906
2
are described as assemblies.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Significance and Use
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
4.1 Thisspecificationprovidestestingproceduresandspeci-
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood
fies requirements to differentiate the physical, adhesive, and
Adhesives.
durability properties of commercially available casein and
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originally
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D4689 – 12. DOI: casein-protein adhesives. The two classes are defined by water
10.1520/D4689-12R18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
the ASTM website. dodssp.daps.dla.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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5.1 This test method is designed for obtaining a qualitative estimate of the compatibility of plastics and adhesives. Due to the many process variables associated with the fabrication of plastic parts, it is not possible to use this test as a substitute for compatibility tests on actual parts.  
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ASTM D4800-94(2023)(Guide)
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4.1 The purpose of this classification system is to provide a method of identifying adhesives in order to give industry a system that can be used universally for materials. It further provides a means for specifying these materials by the use of the standards that are developed using this guide.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides a classification system for tabulating the properties of adhesives suitable for holding parts or assemblies together. The use of this guide also provides information necessary for the development of standard specifications for adhesives.  
Note 1: This classification system may serve many of the needs of industries using adhesives. This guide is subject to revision as the need requires; therefore, the latest revision should always be used.  
1.2 Limitations—This classification system is intended to be a means of identifying adhesives. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection should be made by those having expertise in the adhesives field after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the attachment process to be employed, the inherent properties of the material not covered in this document, and the economic factors.  
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ASTM D2851-15(2023)(Specification)
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This specification covers liquid optical adhesive for use in bonding glass to glass or other transparent adherends. The adhesive shall be in liquid form and free of solvent in order to avoid bubble formation in the adhesive layer. Each component shall be completely reactive. The adhesive may be heat-, catalyst-, or radiation-cured. Voltatility, color, viscosity, foreign particle content, refractive index, stability, light transmission, glass doublet preparation, environmental test, and bond strength tests shall be performed in accordance with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
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Standard Test Methods for Ability of Adhesive Films to Support or Resist the Growth of Fungi

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4.2 Potato dextrose agar (PDA) provides a complete medium for the growth of fungi, while mineral salts agar (MSA) lacks a carbohydrate source and provides a less favorable medium. Use of PDA tests the adhesive film for its ability to resist the growth of fungi on its surface as well as its ability to repel a copious growth of fungi on the adjacent agar surface. Use of MSA tests the adhesive film primarily for its ability to resist the growth of fungi on its surface. When it is used, there is a reduced possibility that the growth from the agar will be mis-read as coming from the adhesive film, since fungal growth on the adjacent agar will be scant.
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ASTM D4317-16(2023)(Specification)
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This specification covers polyvinyl acetate or polyvinyl acetate copolymer resin emulsion adhesives suitable for use on wood, wood-based substrates, or plastic laminates. This does not cover the group of polyvinyl-based adhesives suitable for bonding flexible films. Adhesives are classified on the basis of water resistance at three performance levels, namely wet-use (Type 1), intermediate use (Type 2), and dry-use (Type 3). Adhesives shall conform to test requirements as performed under the following exposure conditions and treatments: dry shear at specified temperatures; two-cycle boil; 48-hour soak; humidity exposure; freeze-thaw stability; and storage life. Materials shall also adhere to physical properties such as density, nonvolatile matter, and pH.
SCOPE
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1.2 The adhesives are classified at three performance levels in accordance with water-resistance as shown in Table 1 and Table 2. See Section 5 for a description of the expected exposure conditions for each class of adhesive. See Table X1.1 for a classification of typical end products that are manufactured using adhesives at the three performance levels covered by this specification.    
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Section  
Tests for Physical Properties  
9  
Viscosity  
9.1.1  
Density  
9.1.2  
Nonvolatiles  
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pH  
9.1.4  
Tests for Adhesive Bond  
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ASTM D1876-08(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Peel Resistance of Adhesives (T-Peel Test)

ABSTRACT
This test method is primarily intended for determining the relative peel resistance of adhesive bonds between flexible adherends by means of a T-type specimen using a tension testing machine. The bent, unbonded ends of the test specimen shall be clamped in the test grips of the tension testing machine and a load of a constant head speed shall be applied. An autographic recording of the load versus the head movement or load versus distance peeled shall be made. The peel resistance over a specified length of the bond line after the initial peak shall be determined.
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1.1 This test method is primarily intended for determining the relative peel resistance of adhesive bonds between flexible adherends by means of a T-type specimen.  
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ASTM D3930-08(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Adhesives for Wood-Based Materials for Construction of Manufactured Homes

ABSTRACT
This specification provides the means to measure and evaluate the performance of adhesives for structural or semistructural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes. Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood, particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having woodbased surfaces at the bondline. The adhesives can be classified according to resistance to deformation: Group A or structural, and Group B or semistructural. Also, the adhesives may be designated into three types, according to their recommended use based on their resistance to water and water vapor: Type 1 for interior and exterior use, Type 2 for weather-protected interior use, and Type 3 for interior use only. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of adhesives: shear strength, gap-filling ability, total deformation resistance, moisture and temperature limitation during fabrication, high-temperature resistance, low-temperature resistance, moisture resistance, aging, oxidation resistance, and mold resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the means to measure and evaluate the performance of adhesives for structural or semi-structural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes. Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood, particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having wood-based surfaces at the bondline. This specification does not cover other adhesives used in manufactured homes such as adhesives for carpet, floor tile, ceramic fixtures, plastic laminates, trim and millwork, and similar nonstructural applications.  
1.1.1 The performance of the adhesives is measured in the following tests:    
Number  
Test  
Section  
1  
Low Temperature  
16  
2  
Dry Lumber  
17  
3  
Gap-Filling  
18  
4  
High Temperature  
19  
5  
Type 3 Qualification  
20  
6  
Type 2 Qualification  
21  
7  
Aging, Film Oxidation  
22  
8  
Aging, Bond Oxidation  
23  
9  
Resistance to Deformation, Creep  
24  
10  
Mold  
25  
11  
Type 1 Qualification  
26  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D1062-08(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Cleavage Strength of Metal-to-Metal Adhesive Bonds

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of the comparative cleavage strength properties of metal-to-metal adhesive bonds. The testing machine shall be capable of maintaining the rate of loading and shall compose of fixed member, movable member, and grips. Test specimens shall consist of metal pieces glued together according to the prescribed dimensions indicated in this standard method. Recommended metal specimens are the following: brass, copper, aluminum, steel, and phosphor bronze. Bonding and conditioning of specimen shall be done according to the procedure specified by the manufacturer of the adhesive. Testing procedure shall be in accordance to the load rate limits specified in this standard method. Cleavage strength shall be expressed in pounds per inch and shall be reported in three significant figures in addition to the following information: adhesive identification, preparation method, adhesive layer thickness, conditioning procedure used, testing room condition, specimen number, and loading rate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative cleavage properties of adhesive bonds when tested on standard shape metal specimens under specified conditions of preparation and testing. It may be used also to compare adhesives used with other metallic materials having any specified surface treatment.  
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