ASTM D5266-13(2020)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Estimating the Percentage of Wood Failure in Adhesive Bonded Joints
Standard Practice for Estimating the Percentage of Wood Failure in Adhesive Bonded Joints
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 An estimate of wood failure is one of the principal means for determining the quality of an adhesively bonded wood joint.
4.2 When evaluated after a water soaking, water soaking and drying, or boiling and drying, the percentage of estimated wood failure is an important criterion for qualifying adhesives for use in plywood, laminated structural timber, adhesively bonded wood products and for daily quality control of the processes for manufacturing various adhesively bonded wood products including but not limited to plywood and laminated timbers. Standards that use the percentage of wood failure are included in Section 2.
4.3 In plywood manufactured from North American softwood species, the percentage of wood failure of Test Method D906 specimens, tested wet after either a vacuum-pressure soak-dry or boil-dry treatment, correlates with the percentage of panels that delaminate in outdoor exposure without protection.7
4.4 Similar correlations for other products have not been published.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides procedures for estimating the percentage of wood failure that occurs in plywood-shear, block-shear, finger joint test specimens, or any other bondline involving wood.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5266 − 13 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Practice for
Estimating the Percentage of Wood Failure in Adhesive
Bonded Joints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5266; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D5751SpecificationforAdhesivesUsedforLaminateJoints
in Nonstructural Lumber Products
1.1 This practice provides procedures for estimating the
2.2 American National Standards:
percentage of wood failure that occurs in plywood-shear,
ANSI/HPVA HP-1-2009American National Standard for
block-shear, finger joint test specimens, or any other bondline
Hardwood and Decorative Plywood
involving wood.
ANSI A190.1-2012American National Standard for Wood
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 3
Products—Structural Glued, Laminated Timber
standard. The values in parentheses are provided for informa-
2.3 Other Documents:
tion only.
American Plywood Association Proposed Standard Method
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the for Estimating Percentage Wood Failure on Plywood
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Shear Specimens
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- PS 1U.S. Product Standard for Construction and Industrial
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Plywood
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. CSA O112.9Evaluation of Adhesives for Structural Wood
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Products (Exterior Exposure)
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- General Technical Report FPL-GTR-190
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Inspection Bureau Memorandum No. 1Interpretation of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- Wood Failure
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
2.4 ASTM Adjunct:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. PhotographsforVisuallyEstimatingthePercentageofWood
Failure in Standard Adhesively Bonded Specimens
2. Referenced Documents
3. Terminology
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1 Definitions:
D905Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive
3.1.1 deep wood failure, n—failurethatisinvariablyseveral
Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
to many cells away from the adhesive layer, in which the
D906Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in
fracture path is strongly influenced by the grain angle and
Plywood Type Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
growth–ring structure.
D2559Specification for Adhesives for Bonded Structural
Wood Products for Use Under Exterior Exposure Condi-
3.1.2 shallow wood failure, n—failure that is invariably
tions
within the first one or two layers of cells beyond the adhesive
D4688Test Method for Evaluating StructuralAdhesives for
layer in which the fracture path is not influenced by the
Finger Jointing Lumber
wood–grain angle or growth-ring structure (see 7.7 and 8.1).
D5572SpecificationforAdhesivesUsedforFingerJointsin
3.1.3 wood failure, n—the rupturing of wood fibers in
Nonstructural Lumber Products
strength tests on bonded specimens, usually expressed as the
percentageofthetotalareainvolvedwhichshowssuchfailure.
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D14 on Adhesives
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood Adhesives. Available from Hardwood Plywood & Veneer Association, 1825 Michael
Current edition approved April 1, 2020. Published April 2020. Originally Faraday Drive, P.O. Box 2789, Reston, VA 20190, www.hpva.org.
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5266–13. DOI: Available fromAPA–The EngineeredWoodAssociation, 7011 South 19th St.,
10.1520/D5266-13R20. Tacoma, WA 98466, www.apawood.org.
2 5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material, Madison, WI: U. S.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM DepartmentofAgriculture,ForestService,ForestProductsLaboratory,508p.2010.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Request Adjunct No.
the ASTM website. ADJD5266. Original adjunct produced in 1991.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5266 − 13 (2020)
4. Significance and Use
4.1 An estimate of wood failure is one of the principal
means for determining the quality of an adhesively bonded
wood joint.
4.2 When evaluated after a water soaking, water soaking
and drying, or boiling and drying, the percentage of estimated
wood failure is an important criterion for qualifying adhesives
for use in plywood, laminated structural timber, adhesively
bonded wood products and for daily quality control of the
processes for manufacturing various adhesively bonded wood
products including but not limited to plywood and laminated
timbers. Standards that use the percentage of wood failure are
included in Section 2.
4.3 In plywood manufactured from North American soft-
wood species, the percentage of wood failure of Test Method
D906 specimens, tested wet after either a vacuum-pressure
soak-dry or boil-dry treatment, correlates with the percentage
of panels that delaminate in outdoor exposure without protec-
tion.
4.4 Similar correlations for other products have not been
published.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Variouslightsourceshavebeenfoundusefulinestimat-
ing wood failure. In determining compliance to standard
specifications, the source must be agreed upon by the user of
this practice and the individual or agency requiring these tests.
5.1.1 Dual-Element Fluorescent Desk Lamp equipped with
one 15 W daylight and one 15 W cool white tube.
NOTE 1—In this case, a standard D905 shear block is shown.
NOTE 1—This source is used by the APA – The Engineered Wood
FIG. 1 Example of Plastic Template Scribed with Lines and
Association for compliance to the commercial standard PS 1.
Shapes Representing Known Percentages of Given Area
5.1.2 Circular Fluorescent Desk Lamp with 5× viewing
magnifier in the center of the lamp.
depicted with wood failure estimates provided by trained
5.1.3 Diffuse Natural Light from a window facing away
technical personnel familiar with the process of reading wood
from the sun.
failure. (See Figs. X1.1-X1.4.)
5.2 Ruler,with2.54mm(0.1-in.)divisionsisrecommended
6. Preparation of Test Specimens
as an aid to estimating the area of torn wood fibers. A
transparent template, the size of the specimen bond area and
6.1 Prepare and test the specimens as outlined in the
scribed with various shapes and areas with known percentages
appropriate test method.
of the total area, is also useful for subdividing the area. An
6.2 Do not estimate wood failure percentage of specimens
example of such a template is shown in Fig. 1.
withlocalizeddefectssuchasknots,knotholes,burl,andvoids
5.3 Low-Power Magnifying Glass,of3to5×,withafieldof
in the bond area, even if they are permitted within the grade of
view able to encompass most of the failed surface, may be
lumber or veneer being tested. Specimens with defects in the
useful for inspecting areas where shallow wood failure is
grip area may or may not be tested at the discretion of the user
suspected.
or in accordance with the policy of the testing organization.
5.4 ASTM Adjunct,whichincludesphotographsforVisually
6.3 Specimens with manufacturing defects, such as wiped
Estimating the Percentage of Wood Failure in Adhesively
bondline, chips, core gaps, and laps, may also be discarded by
Bonded Specimens. The adjunct which is found in theAppen-
agreement between the interested parties.
dix of the digital edition of this practice, and provided as a
6.4 If the specimens were tested wet, dry the failed surfaces
separate document for the print edition, is a useful tool to aid
in an air-circulating oven at 71°C (160°F), or under equivalent
in the training of reading and estimating percent wood failure.
conditions, before estimating the percentage of wood failure.
Both plywood specimens and block shear specimens are
7. Procedure
7.1 Work in a location where direct outside light does not
Perkins, N. S., Predicting Exterior Plywood Performance, Proceedings Forest
Products Research Society, 1950, pp. 1–12. fall on the specimen.
D5266 − 13 (2020)
7.
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