ASTM D3513-02(2012)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Overlength Fiber Content of Manufactured Staple Fiber
Standard Test Method for Overlength Fiber Content of Manufactured Staple Fiber
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The existence of overlength fiber in manufactured staple can cause serious problems in the spinning of these fibers into yarn. Overlength fibers may create problems in carding, but more especially high-strength multiple cut fibers may cause cockling in spinning.
Since the overlength fibers are caused by dull or damaged cutting knives or by uneven flow of tow to the staple cutter, their existence within the fiber population is not uniform and their occurrence in the population follows a highly skewed distribution.
Manual methods of determining overlength fiber require much more operator time, and the standard deviations of the test between laboratories and operators are high. Use of the Fibrosampler method greatly reduces both operator time and standard deviation of testing.
In manufacturing it is important to know if fibers are overlength due to looping of the tow or multiple length due to damaged cutters.
This method for testing staple fiber for overlength fiber is not recommended for acceptance testing (see 13.1).
In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method, even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments. If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its caus...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percent by number of overlength or multiple length fibers in a sample of manufactured cut staple. The method is applicable to fiber taken immediately after manufacturing, from the bale, or from partially processed stock.
Note 1—For measurement of length and length distribution of manufactured staple fibers, refer to Test Method D5103.
1.2 This test method covers procedures using the Fibrosampler Model 335A (inch-pound units), the Fibrosampler Model 335B (SI units), and Fibrosampler combs Model 336.
1.2.1 The Fibrosampler Model 335A is equipped with a sample plate that has 15.8-mm (5/8-in.) diameter sample holes and is recommended for use on blended staple taken from the fiber blender or from a carding machine.
1.2.2 The Fibrosampler Model 335B is equipped with a sample plate that has 10-mm (0.4-in.) diameter sample holes and is recommended for use on unblended staple as may be taken from the fiber cutter or from a bale of staple fiber.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in each unit are not exact equivalents; therefore, each unit must be used independently of the other.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3513 − 02 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Overlength Fiber Content of Manufactured Staple Fiber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3513; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
D3333 Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers,
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percent
Sliver, or Tow for Testing
by number of overlength or multiple length fibers in a sample
D3888 Terminology for Yarn Spinning Systems
of manufactured cut staple. The method is applicable to fiber
D3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric Defects
taken immediately after manufacturing, from the bale, or from
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
partially processed stock.
D5103 Test Method for Length and Length Distribution of
NOTE 1—For measurement of length and length distribution of manu-
Manufactured Staple Fibers (Single-Fiber Test)
factured staple fibers, refer to Test Method D5103.
3. Terminology
1.2 This test method covers procedures using the Fibrosam-
pler Model 335A (inch-pound units), the Fibrosampler Model
3.1 Definitions:
335B (SI units), and Fibrosampler combs Model 336.
3.1.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this test
1.2.1 The Fibrosampler Model 335A is equipped with a
method: fiber beard, staple, overlength staple fibers and
sample plate that has 15.8-mm ( ⁄8-in.) diameter sample holes
multiple-length staple fibers, refer to Terminology D4849.
and is recommended for use on blended staple taken from the
3.1.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
fiber blender or from a carding machine.
method, refer to Terminologies D123, D3888, D3990, and
1.2.2 The Fibrosampler Model 335B is equipped with a
D4849.
sample plate that has 10-mm (0.4-in.) diameter sample holes
and is recommended for use on unblended staple as may be 4. Summary of Test Method
taken from the fiber cutter or from a bale of staple fiber.
4.1 Fibers are caught randomly on a comb to form a fiber
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units beard. The probability that a given fiber length group repre-
sented in the original fiber population will appear in the test
are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated
in each unit are not exact equivalents; therefore, each unit must specimen is proportional to the ratio of the total length of that
be used independently of the other. fiber length group to the total fiber length of the original
sample. The beard is biased in the favor of long fibers.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 The fiber beard is brushed out and laid on a specimen
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- board.The density of the beard of the cut staple tapers to a line
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
that is parallel to the base of the comb. The overlength fibers
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. are observed to extend beyond this line and they can be
identified easily.
2. Referenced Documents
4.3 The noticeably longer fibers are pulled from the fiber
2.1 ASTM Standards:
beard, verified for over- or multiple-length and counted. The
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
result is then expressed as the percent overlength and percent
D1447 Test Method for Length and Length Uniformity of
multiple-length fiber in the original population.
Cotton Fibers by Photoelectric Measurement
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The existence of overlength fiber in manufactured staple
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
can cause serious problems in the spinning of these fibers into
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally
yarn. Overlength fibers may create problems in carding, but
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D3513 – 02(2007).
more especially high-strength multiple cut fibers may cause
DOI: 10.1520/D3513-02R12.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or cockling in spinning.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.2 Since the overlength fibers are caused by dull or
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. damaged cutting knives or by uneven flow of tow to the staple
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3513 − 02 (2012)
teststhatareashomogeneousaspossible,drawnfromthesame
lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results
during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers
to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories
involved should be compared using a statistical test for
unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing
series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and
corrected, or future test results for that material must be
adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Fibrosampler, Model 335A of 335B (Fig. 1), equipped
with the following:
6.1.1 Combs, Model 336 (Fig. 2).
6.1.2 Spacing Gage.
6.1.3 Specimen Board, board covered with short pile or
plush surface on one side, for displaying the test specimen.
FIG. 1 Fibrosampler
6.1.4 Brush, for brushing the test specimen.
6.1.5 Tweezers, for removing the long fibers from the
specimen board for verification.
NOTE 2—Fibrosampler Model 192, which is used for sampling cotton,
(Method D1447) has been used successfully with this method, but the
above listed models and combs yield better results because long fibers are
less likely to be pulled from the combs during beard preparation.
6.2 Laboratory Carding Machine or Opener/Blender Model
338 is needed for use with Fibrosampler Model 335A.
6.3 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing the specimen
to within 0.01 % of its mass.
6.4 Scale, graduated to the nearest 1 mm ( ⁄16-in.).
7. Sampling
7.1 Lot Sampling—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
FIG. 2 Fibrosampler Combs
take at random the number of shipping containers directed in
the applicable material specification or other agreement be-
tween the purchaser and supplier, such as an agreement to use
cutter,theirexistencewithinthefiberpopulationisnotuniform
Practice D3333 or Practice D2258. Consider shipping contain-
and their occurrence in the population follows a highly skewed
ers to be the primary sampling units.
distribution.
NOTE 3—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
5.3 Manual methods of determining overlength fiber require
purchaser or supplier requires taking into account the variability between
much more operator time, and the standard deviations of the
shipping units, between packages, ends or other laboratory sampling unit
test between laboratories and operators are high. Use of the
within a shipping unit if applicable, and within specimens from a single
package, end or other laboratory sampling unit to provide a sampling plan
Fibrosampler method greatly reduces both operator time and
with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality
standard deviation of testing.
level, and limiting quantity level.
5.4 In manufacturing it is important to know if fibers are
7.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for accep-
overlength due to looping of the tow or multiple length due to
tance testing, take at random from each shipping container in
damaged cutters.
the lot sample the number of laboratory sampling units as
5.5 This method for testing staple fiber for overlength fiber
directed in an applicable material specification or other agree-
is not recommended for acceptance testing (see 13.1).
ment between purchaser and supplier such as an agreement to
5.5.1 Insomecasesthepurchaserandthesuppliermayhave
use Practice D3333 or Practice D2258. Preferably, the same
totestacommercialshipmentofoneormorespecificmaterials
number of laboratory sampling units are taken from each
by the best available method, even though the method has not
been recommended for acceptance testing of commercial
shipments. If there are differences of practical significance
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
is Special Instruments Laboratory, Inc., 312 W. Vine Ave., P.O. Box 1950,
between reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
Knoxville, TN. 37901. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this
comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a
information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-
careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which
tance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative you may attend.
D3513 − 02 (2012)
shipping container in the lot sample. If differing numbers of of the sample plate. Then relax the hand pressure against the
laboratory sampling units are to be taken from shipping plate to prevent fiber damage or breakage.
containers in the lot sample, determine at random which 8.5.4 With the right hand, turn the pivot arm one complete
shippingcontainersaretohaveeachnumberoflaboratoryunits counterclockwise revolution. This carries the comb teeth
drawn. across the face of the protruding test sample and allows a
7.2.1 Take 100-g samples of staple fiber, sliver or top for segment of the fiber beard to form on the comb. See Note 4.
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