ASTM B543-96
(Specification)Standard Specification for Welded Copper and Copper-Alloy Heat Exchanger Tube
Standard Specification for Welded Copper and Copper-Alloy Heat Exchanger Tube
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers welded tube of copper and various copper alloys up to 31/8 in., inclusive, in diameter, for use in surface condensers, evaporators, heat exchangers, and general engineering applications. Tubes for this application are normally made of the following coppers or copper alloys: Copper or Copper Previously Used Type of Metal Alloy UNS No. 2 Designation C10800 ... oxygen-free, low phosphorus C12200 DHP A phosphorized, high residual phosphorus C19400 ... copper-iron alloy C23000 ... red brass C44300 ... arsenical admiralty C44400 ... antimonial admiralty C44500 ... phosphorized admiralty C68700 ... arsenical aluminum brass C70400 ... 95-5 copper-nickel C70600 ... 90-10 copper-nickel C71000 ... 80-20 copper-nickel C71500 ... 70-30 copper-nickel C71640 ... copper-nickel-iron-manganese C72200 ... ... A Designation listed in Classification B 224.
1.2 Warning-Mercury is a definite health hazard in use and disposal. (See 14.1.) Note 1-A complete metric companion to Specification B 543 has been developed-B 543M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: B 543 – 96
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Specification for
Welded Copper and Copper-Alloy Heat Exchanger Tube
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 543; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope B 154 Test Method for Mercurous Nitrate Test for Copper
and Copper Alloys
1.1 This specification covers welded tube of copper and
1 B 224 Classification of Coppers
various copper alloys up to 3 ⁄8 in., inclusive, in diameter, for
E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
use in surface condensers, evaporators, heat exchangers, and
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
general engineering applications. Tubes for this application are
Determine Conformance with Specifications
normally made of the following coppers or copper alloys:
E 53 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper
Copper or
Previously Used
E 54 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Special
Copper Alloy UNS Type of Metal
Designation
No.
Brasses and Bronzes
C10800 . oxygen-free, low phosphorus
E 55 Practice for Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and
A
C12200 DHP phosphorized, high residual phos pho-
Alloys for Determination of Chemical Composition
rus
C19400 . copper-iron alloy
E 62 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper and
C23000 . red brass
Copper Alloys (Photometric Methods)
C44300 . arsenical admiralty
E 75 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper-Nickel
C44400 . antimonial admiralty
C44500 . phosphorized admiralty
and Copper-Nickel-Zinc Alloys
C68700 . arsenical aluminum brass
E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
C70400 . 95-5 copper-nickel
C70600 . 90-10 copper-nickel E 243 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Exami-
C71000 . 80-20 copper-nickel
nation of Copper and Copper-Alloy Tubes
C71500 . 70-30 copper-nickel
E 478 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper
C71640 . copper-nickel-iron-manganese
C72200 . . Alloys
____________
E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)
A
Designation listed in Classification B 224.
3. Terminology
1.2 Warning—Mercury is a definite health hazard in use
and disposal. (See 14.1.)
3.1 Description of Term Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 capable of—as used in this specification, the test need
NOTE 1—A complete metric companion to Specification B 543 has
not be performed by the producer of the material. However,
been developed—B 543M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented
in this specification. should subsequent testing by the purchaser establish that the
material does not meet these requirements, the material shall be
2. Referenced Documents
subject to rejection.
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on date
4. Types of Welded Tube
of material purchase form a part of this specification to the
extent referenced herein: 4.1 Forge-Welded Tube manufactured as described in 6.2.1,
2.2 ASTM Standards: 6.2.1.1, and 6.2.1.2.
B 153 Test Method for Expansion (Pin Test) of Copper and 4.1.1 As-Welded Tube—Forge-welded tube with internal
Copper-Alloy Pipe and Tubing and external flash removed and no further refinement of grain
structure.
4.1.2 Welded and Annealed Tube—Forge-welded tube with
internal and external flash removed, that has been annealed to
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B-5 on Copper
and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.04 on Pipe
and Tube.
Current edition approved April 10, 1996. Published June 1996. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
published as B 543 – 70 T. Last previous edition B 543 – 91. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
2 6
New designation established in accordance with Practice E 527. In the new Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
UNS system, the designations for copper alloys are simply expansions of the present Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
standard designations by a prefix “C” and a suffix “00.” Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
3 9
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
B 543
produce a uniform grain size appropriate to the specified 5.1.6 Type of welded tube (Section 4),
annealed temper. 5.1.7 Whether cut ends of the tube are to be deburred,
4.1.3 Welded and Cold-Reduced Tube—Forge-welded tube
chamfered, or otherwise treated (see 17.1),
with internal and external flash removed and subsequently cold
5.1.8 If the product is to be subsequently welded (see Table
reduced to conform to the specified size and temper.
1 and Footnote C),
4.1.4 Welded and Cold-Drawn Tube—Forge-welded tube
5.1.9 Specification number and year of issue,
with internal and external flash removed and subsequently cold
5.1.10 Certification, if required (Section 24), and
drawn over a plug or mandrel to the specified size and temper.
5.1.11 Mill test report, if required (Section 26).
4.2 Fusion-Welded Tube manufactured as described in
5.2 In addition, when material is purchased for agencies of
6.2.2.
the U.S. Government, it shall conform to the Supplementary
4.2.1 As-Welded Tube—Fusion-welded tube with no further
Requirements as defined herein when specified in the contract
refinement of grain structure.
or purchase order.
4.2.2 Welded and Annealed Tube—Fusion-welded tube that
has been annealed to produce a uniform grain size appropriate
6. Materials and Manufacture
to the specified annealed temper. The structure of the weld zone
6.1 The material shall be of such quality and purity that the
shall be that which is typical of a fusion weld.
finished product shall have the properties and characteristics
4.2.3 Welded and Cold-Reduced Tube—Fusion-welded tube
prescribed in this specification.
subsequently cold-reduced to conform to the specified size and
6.2 Welded tube shall be made of clean strip in either
temper.
cold-rolled or annealed tempers. The strip shall be formed into
4.2.4 Welded and Cold-Drawn Tube—Fusion-welded tube
a tubular shape on a suitable forming mill.
subsequently cold-drawn over a plug or mandrel to the
6.2.1 For forge-welded tube, the edges of the strip shall be
specified size and temper.
heated to the required welding temperature, usually by high-
4.3 Fully Finished Tube—Welded tube with internal and
frequency electric current, and be pressed firmly together
external flash removed, if present, and subsequently cold-
causing a forge-type joint to be formed with internal and
drawn over a plug or mandrel and annealed, and redrawn when
external flash or bead.
necessary to conform to the specified temper.
6.2.1.1 The external flash (that portion of the weld which
5. Ordering Information
extends beyond the normal wall) shall always be removed.
6.2.1.2 The internal flash in forge-welded tube shall be
5.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
removed to the extent that it shall not exceed 0.006 in. in height
the following information:
or 10 % of the nominal wall thickness, whichever is greater.
5.1.1 Quantity of each size (number of pieces and number of
6.2.2 For fusion-welded tube, the edges of the strip shall be
feet),
5.1.2 Material (Sections 1, 6, and 7), brought together and welded, usually by a GTAW welding
process, without the addition of filler metal, causing a fusion-
5.1.3 Temper (Section 8),
5.1.3.1 If tension tests are required (Section 9), type joint to be formed with no internal or external flash or
bead removal necessary.
5.1.4 Whether a pressure test is to be used instead of the
eddy-current test (see 15.1), 6.2.3 Tube type, 4.3, fully finished tube, may be welded and
5.1.5 Dimensions, the diameter, wall thickness, whether subsequently processed by any method that would produce a
minimum or nominal wall, and length, (Section 16), tube suitable for subsequent cold-drawing and annealing.
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Copper or
Other
Copper Al-
Nickel incl Lead, Man-
A
Copper Iron Zinc Aluminum Phosphorus Tin Antimony Arsenic Ele-
loy UNS No.
Cobalt max ganese
ments
B
C10800 99.95 min . . . . . . 0.005–0.012 . . . .
C12200 99.9 min . . . . . . 0.015–0.040 . . . .
C19400 97.0–97.8 . 0.03 2.1–2.6 0.05–0.20 . . 0.015–0.15 . . . .
C23000 84.0–86.0 . 0.05 0.05 max remainder . . . . . . .
C44300 70.0–73.0 . 0.07 0.06 max remainder . . . 0.8–1.2 . 0.02–0.06 .
C44400 70.0–73.0 . 0.07 0.06 max remainder . . . 0.8–1.2 0.02–0.10 . .
C44500 70.0–73.0 . 0.07 0.06 max remainder . . 0.02–0.10 0.8–1.2 . . .
C68700 76.0–79.0 . 0.07 0.06 max remainder . 1.8–2.5 . . . 0.02–0.06 .
C70400 remainder 4.8–6.2 0.05 1.3–1.7 1.0 max 0.30–0.8 . . . . . .
C C C C
C70600 remainder 9.0–11.0 0.05 1.0–1.8 1.0 max 1.0 max . . . .
C C C C
C71000 remainder 19.0–23.0 0.05 0.50–1.0 1.0 max 1.0 max . . . .
C C C C
C71500 remainder 29.0–33.0 0.05 0.40–1.0 1.0 max 1.0 max . . . .
C C C C
C71640 remainder 29.0–32.0 0.05 1.7–2.3 1.0 max 1.5–2.5 . . . .
D C C C C,D
C72200 remainder 15.0–18.0 0.05 0.5–1.0 1.0 max 1.0 max . . . .
A
Silver counting as copper.
B
Copper + silver + phosphorus.
C
When the product is for subsequent welding applications and so specified by the purchaser, zinc shall be 0.50 % max, lead 0.02 % max, phosphorus 0.02 % max,
sulfur 0.02 % max, and carbon 0.05 % max.
D
Chromium 0.30 to 0.70.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
B 543
NOTE 3—Some tubes, when subjected to aggressive environments, may
6.2.4 There shall be no crevice in the weld seam visible to
be subject to stress-corrosion cracking failure because of the residual
the unaided eye.
tensile stresses developed in straightening. For such applications, it is
NOTE 2—The term “unaided eye” as used herein permits the use of
suggested that tubes of Copper Alloy UNS Nos. C23000, C44300,
corrective spectacles necessary to obtain normal vision.
C44400, C44500, and C68700 be subjected to a stress relieving thermal
treatment subsequent to straightening. If required, this must be specified
7. Chemical Composition
on the purchase order or contract. Tolerances for roundness and length,
and the condition of straightness, for tube so ordered, shall be to the
7.1 The material shall conform to the requirements specified
requirements agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
in Table 1.
NOTE 4—The temper of 8.1.2.2 is to permit the production of a light
7.2 These specification limits do not preclude the presence
cold-worked as-welded tube by means other than the use of annealed strip.
of other elements. Limits for unnamed elements may be
Some of these, for example, are the use of annealed to temper strip, the use
established by agreement between manufacturer or supplier
of lightly cold-rolled strip, and the use of cold-rolled strip and wherein the
and purchaser. resulting tube is subsequently relief annealed.
7.2.1 For Copper Alloy UNS No. C19400, copper may be
9. Mechanical Properties
taken as the difference between the sum of all the elements
9.1 Tube specified to meet strength requirements shall have
analyzed and 100 %. When all the elements in Table 1 are
tensile properties as prescribed in Table 2.
analyzed, their sum shall be 99.8 % minimum.
7.2.2 For copper alloys in which copper is specified as the
10. Microscopical Examination
remainder, copper may be taken as the difference between the
10.1 Samples of welded and annealed tube and of fully
sum of all the elements analyzed and 100 %.
finished annealed tube shall be subjected to microscopical
7.2.2.1 Copper Alloy UNS Nos. C70400, C70600, C71000,
examination at a magnification of 75 diameters.
C71500, and C71640—When all the elements in Table 1 are
10.1.1 Forge-welded and annealed tube shall have a com-
analyzed, their sum shall be 99.5 % minimum.
pletely recrystallized grain structure, and the weld zone shall
7.2.2.2 Copper Alloy UNS No. C72200—When all the
have a structure typical of hot-forged welds.
elements in Table 1 are analyzed, their sum shall be 99.8 %
10.1.2 Fusion-welded and annealed tube shall have a com-
minimum.
pletely recrystallized grain structure, and the weld zone shall
7.2.3 For copper alloys in which zinc is specified as the
have a structure typical of a fusion weld.
remainder, either copper or zinc may be taken as the difference
10.1.3 Fully finished and annealed tube shall have a com-
between the sum of all the elements analyzed and 100 %.
pletely recrystallized structure typical of the metal when
7.2.3.1 Copper Alloy UNS No. C23000—When all the
cold-worked and annealed, including the weld zone.
elements in Table 1 are analyzed, their sum shall be 99.8 %
10.2 Samples selected for test shall be examined micro-
minimum.
scopically at a magnification of 75 diameters to establish that
7.2.3.2 Copper Alloy UNS Nos. C44300, C44400, and
the weld interface is metallurgically sound.
C44500—When all the elements in Table 1 are analyzed, their
sum shall be 99.6 % minimum.
11. Expansion Test
7.2.3.3 Copper Alloy UNS No. C68700—When all the
11.1 Tubes supplied in the annealed temper (8.1.1) and the
elements in Table 1 are analyzed, their sum shall be 99.5 %
light cold-worked temper (8.1.2) and tubes supplied in the
minimum.
stress relieved condition shall pass the expansion test as
8. Temper
specified in 11.2.
8.1 Tube tempers shall be designated as follows:
11.2 Tube specimens selected for test shall withstand the
8.1.1 Annealed tempers,
expansion shown in Table 3 when expanded in accordance with
8.1.1.1 Welded and annealed,
Test Method B 153. The expanded tube shall show no cracking
8.1.1.2 Fully finished—annealed,
or rupture visible to the unaided eye (see Note 2).
8.1.2 Light cold worked tempers,
12. Flattening Test
8.1.2.1 As-welded from annealed strip,
8.1.2.2 As-welded, light cold worked, and 12.1 Test specimens at least 4 ft in length shall be flattened
8.1.2.3 Fully finished—light drawn. on different elements throughout the length remaining after
8.2 Other
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