ASTM B598-09
(Practice)Standard Practice for Determining Offset Yield Strength in Tension for Copper Alloys
Standard Practice for Determining Offset Yield Strength in Tension for Copper Alloys
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice may be used for approximating a limiting design stress at room temperature and, in some cases, for approximating the range of elastic behavior. Elastic limit, or the greatest stress that a material is capable of sustaining without any permanent strain remaining upon complete release of the stress, is a more technically accurate design parameter; however, the elastic limit is extremely difficult to measure in routine testing. Caution should be used in applying such values to predict the behavior of flat or wire springs in bending, torsion or other stress modes, or at temperatures other than that at which the determination is made.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes the requirements for determining offset yield strength (0.01 %, 0.02 %, and 0.05 % offset) at room temperature. It is intended for copper alloys in tempers commonly used for spring applications, and materials thicker than 0.010 in. (0.25 mm).
1.1.1 The primary application of this practice is intended for flat strip materials that are used for springs; however, this practice can be used for other product forms, such as wire, rod, and bar.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: B598 − 09
StandardPractice for
Determining Offset Yield Strength in Tension for Copper
1
Alloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B598; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
someter Systems
1.1 This practice establishes the requirements for determin-
ing offset yield strength (0.01 %, 0.02 %, and 0.05 % offset) at
3. Terminology
room temperature. It is intended for copper alloys in tempers
commonly used for spring applications, and materials thicker 3.1 For definitions of terms relating to mechanical testing
than 0.010 in. (0.25 mm).
refer to Terminology E6.
1.1.1 The primary application of this practice is intended for
flat strip materials that are used for springs; however, this
4. Summary of Practice
practice can be used for other product forms, such as wire, rod,
4.1 To determine the offset yield strength, it is necessary to
and bar.
acquire data (autographic or numerical) from which a stress-
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be strain diagram may be drawn. The stress at which a specified
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
deviation of strain from the linear portion of the stress-strain
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for curve occurs is the yield strength at that particular offset.
information only and are not considered standard.
5. Significance and Use
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 This practice may be used for approximating a limiting
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
design stress at room temperature and, in some cases, for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
approximating the range of elastic behavior. Elastic limit, or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the greatest stress that a material is capable of sustaining
without any permanent strain remaining upon complete release
2. Referenced Documents
of the stress, is a more technically accurate design parameter;
2
however, the elastic limit is extremely difficult to measure in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
routine testing. Caution should be used in applying such values
B950 Guide for Editorial Procedures and Form of Product
to predict the behavior of flat or wire springs in bending,
Specifications for Copper and Copper Alloys
torsion or other stress modes, or at temperatures other than that
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
at which the determination is made.
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
6. Apparatus
terials
E74 Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments
6.1 Standard testing machine of adequate capacity, con-
for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines
forming to the requirements of Practices E4 and E74.
6.2 Class B-1 or more accurate Extensometers, conforming
to the requirements of Practice E83 and suitable to the tension
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B05 on Copper and
test specimen required for the application.
CopperAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.06 on Methods
of Test.
6.3 Extensometer Calibrator, or similar device accurate to
Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally
0.00002 in. (0.0005 mm).
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as B598 – 98 (2004).
DOI: 10.1520/B0598-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 7. Test Specimen
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.1 Tension test specimens shall be selected from Test
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Methods E8/E8M as appropriate for the product form.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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B598 − 09
8. Procedure 9. Calculation and Report
9.1 Determine the load where the offset line intersects the
8.1 Follow the accepted practices for preparation to perform
stress-strain curve. This load in pounds divided by the original
a tension test in accordance with Test Methods E8/E8M.
cross section area is the yield strength and is reported a
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:B 598–98 (Reapproved2004) Designation:B 598–09
Standard Practice for
Determining Offset Yield Strength in Tension for Copper
1
Alloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 598; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice establishes the requirements for determining offset yield strength (0.01 %, 0.02 %, and 0.05 % offset) at room
temperature. It is intended for copper alloys in tempers commonly used for spring applications, and materials thicker than 0.010
in. (0.25 mm).
1.1.1The primary application of this practice is intended for flat strip materials that are used for springs; however, this practice
can be used for other product forms, such as wire, rod, and bar.
1.2The values stated in inch pound units are the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.1.1 The primary application of this practice is intended for flat strip materials that are used for springs; however, this practice
can be used for other product forms, such as wire, rod, and bar.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1The following documents in effect on the date that the material is tested form a part of this practice, to the extent referenced
herein:
2.2ASTM Standards:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B 950 Guide for Editorial Procedures and Form of Product Specifications for Copper and Copper Alloys
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8 8/E 8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E74 Practice forof Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the LoadForce Indication of Testing Machines
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
3. Terminology
3.1 TheFor definitions of terms relating to mechanical testing in refer to Terminology E 6 apply. .
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 To determine the offset yield strength, it is necessary to acquire data (autographic or numerical) from which a stress-strain
diagram may be drawn. The stress at which a specified deviation of strain from the linear portion of the stress-strain curve occurs
is the yield strength at that particular offset.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This practice may be used for approximating a limiting design stress at room temperature and, in some cases, for
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copper and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.06 on Methods of
Test.
Current edition approved MayApril 1, 2004.2009. Published May 2004.2009. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 19982004 asB598–98
(2004).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B598–09
approximating the range of elastic behavior. Elastic limit, or the greatest stress that a material is capable of sustaining without any
permanent strain remaining upon complete release of the stress, is a more technically accurate design parameter; however, the
elastic limit is extremely difficult to measure in routine testing. Caution should be used in applying such values to predict the
behavior of flat or wire springs in bending, torsion or other stress modes, or at temperatures other than that at which the
determination is made.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Standard testing ma
...
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