ASTM D5028-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Curing Properties of Pultrusion Resins by Thermal Analysis
Standard Test Method for Curing Properties of Pultrusion Resins by Thermal Analysis
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Differential scanning calorimeters are used to determine chemical reaction thermal profiles of materials. One such reaction is the curing of thermosetting resins.
This test method is useful for both specification acceptance and for research.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of curing parameters of pultrusions resins by differential scanning calorimetry.
1.2 This test method is applicable to pultrusion resin solutions with adequate initiator(s).
1.3 The normal operating temperature range is from 0 to 200°C.
Note 1—Resin systems that do not form an adequate baseline are not covered by this test method.
1.4 Computer or electronic based instruments or data treatment equivalent to this practice may also be used.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 1.
Note 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
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Designation: D5028 − 09
Standard Test Method for
Curing Properties of Pultrusion Resins by Thermal
1
Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5028; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E967 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differen-
tial Scanning Calorimeters and Differential Thermal Ana-
1.1 This test method covers determination of curing param-
lyzers
eters of pultrusions resins by differential scanning calorimetry.
E2160 Test Method for Heat of Reaction of Thermally
1.2 This test method is applicable to pultrusion resin solu-
Reactive Materials by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
tions with adequate initiator(s).
3. Terminology
1.3 The normal operating temperature range is from 0 to
200°C.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 onset temperature—an extrapolated point representing
NOTE 1—Resin systems that do not form an adequate baseline are not
an intersection of the baseline and the front slope of the
covered by this test method.
exothermic curing curve.
1.4 Computer or electronic based instruments or data treat-
3.1.2 peak temperature—an extrapolated point representing
ment equivalent to this practice may also be used.
an intersection of both front and rear slopes of the exothermic
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
curing curve.
standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 The test method consists of heating of the test material
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
at a controlled rate of temperature increase in a controlled
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
atmosphere and continuously monitoring with a suitable sens-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
ing device the difference in heat input between a reference
statements, see Note 1.
material and a test material due to changes of state in the
NOTE 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
material. A curing transition is marked by a release of energy
bythespecimenresultinginacorrespondingexothermiccurve.
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 3—Toxic or corrosive effluents, or both, may be released when
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
heating the material, and could be harmful to the personnel or to the
D3418 Test Method for Transition Temperatures and En- apparatus.
thalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers by
5. Significance and Use
Differential Scanning Calorimetry
D3918 Terminology Relating to Reinforced Plastic Pul-
5.1 Differential scanning calorimeters are used to determine
truded Products
chemical reaction thermal profiles of materials. One such
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
reaction is the curing of thermosetting resins.
ology
5.2 This test method is useful for both specification accep-
tance and for research.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
6. Apparatus
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermoset-
ting Plastics.
6.1 Differential Scanning Calorimeter, capable of heating a
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originally
test specimen and a reference material at a controlled rate up to
ε1
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D5028 - 96(2003) .
at least 20°C/min and of automatically recording the differen-
DOI: 10.1520/D5028-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or tial heat flow.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.2 Specimen Holders, composed of clean aluminum or of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. other high thermal conductivity material.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5028 − 09
6.2.1 Specimen holders may be open, covered, or sealed
type.
6.3 Nitrogen, or other inert purge gas supply.
6.4 Flowmeter, for purge gas.
6.5 Recording Charts, for temperature recording apparatus
with suitable graduation for measurements of energy differen-
tial against temperature or time.
7. Technical Hazards
7.1 An increase or decrease in heating rate from those
specified may alter the test results.This practice assumes linear
temperature indication.
7.2 Since milligram quantities of sample are used, it is
essential to ensure that samples are homogeneous and repre-
sen
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D5028–96 (Reapproved 2003) Designation: D 5028 – 09
Standard Test Method for
Curing Properties of Pultrusion Resins by Thermal
1
Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5028; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Reinserted Figure 1 in March 2007.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers determination of curing parameters of pultrusions resins by differential scanning calorimetry.
1.2 This test method is applicable to pultrusion resin solutions with adequate initiator(s).
1.3 The normal operating temperature range is from 0 to 200°C.
NOTE 1—Resin systems whichthat do not form an adequate baseline are not covered by this test method.
1.4 Computer or electronic based instruments or data treatment equivalent to this practice may also be used.
1.5
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 1.
NOTE2—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard. 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 3418 Test Method for Transition Temperatures and Enthalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers by Differential
Scanning Calorimetry
D 3918 Terminology Relating to Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Products
E 473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E 967 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differential Scanning Calorimeters and Differential ThermalAnalyzers Test
Method for Temperature Calibration of Differential Scanning Calorimeters and Differential Thermal Analyzers
E 2160 Test Method for Heat of Reaction of Thermally Reactive Materials by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 onset temperature—anextrapolatedpointrepresentinganintersectionofthebaselineandthefrontslopeoftheexothermic
curing curve.
3.1.2 peak temperature—an extrapolated point representing an intersection of both front and rear slopes of the exothermic
curing curve.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Thetestmethodconsistsofheatingofthetestmaterialatacontrolledrateoftemperatureincreaseinacontrolledatmosphere
and continuously monitoring with a suitable sensing device the difference in heat input between a reference material and a test
material due to changes of state in the material.Acuring transition is marked by a release of energy by the specimen resulting in
a corresponding exothermic curve.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermosetting
Plastics.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2003. Published December 2003. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as D5028-96.
´1
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 5028 - 96(2003) .
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5028–09
NOTE 3—Toxic or corrosive effluents, or both, may be released when heating the material, and could be harmful to the personnel or to the apparatus.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Differential scanning calorimeters are used to determine chemical reaction thermal profiles of materials. One such reaction
is the curing of thermosetting resins.
5.2 This test method is useful for both specification acceptance and for research.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Differential Scanning Calorimeter, capable of heating a test specimen and a reference material at a controlled rate up to at
least 20°C/min and of automatically recording the differential heat flow.
6.2 Specimen Holders, composed of clean aluminum or of other high the
...
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