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ASTM C565-93(2005)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Carbon and Graphite Mechanical Materials

Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Carbon and Graphite Mechanical Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods may be used for quality control testing of established grades of carbon and graphite materials, in the development of new grades, and for other purposes where relative strength levels are the primary quantities of interest. This test method may be applicable only if the ratio of specimen diameter to grain size, or flaw size, is greater than 5.  
These test methods do not substitute for that described in Test Method C 749, but are useful where less sophisticated data and less expensive techniques are sufficient.  
Carbon and graphite materials exhibit significant physical property differences within parent materials. Exact sampling patterns and grain orientations must be specified in order to make meaningful tensile strength comparisons.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the apparatus, specimen, and procedures for the tension testing of carbon and graphite mechanical materials with a grain size smaller than 0.79 mm (1/32 in.).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2005
ICS
71.060.10 - Chemical elements
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.F0 - Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C565-93(1998) - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Carbon and Graphite Mechanical Materials
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Replaced By
ASTM C565-93(2010)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Carbon and Graphite Mechanical Materials
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7775-21 - Standard Guide for Measurements on Small Graphite Specimens
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7846-21 - Standard Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for Advanced Graphites
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM C749-15(2020) - Standard Test Method for Tensile Stress-Strain of Carbon and Graphite
Effective Date
01-May-2005

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ASTM C565-93(2005) - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Carbon and Graphite Mechanical MaterialsASTM C565-93(2005) - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Carbon and Graphite Mechanical Materials
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ASTM C565-93(2005) - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Carbon and Graphite Mechanical Materials
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:C565–93 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Methods for
Tension Testing of Carbon and Graphite Mechanical
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C565; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope in the development of new grades, and for other purposes
where relative strength levels are the primary quantities of
1.1 These test methods cover the apparatus, specimen, and
interest. This test method may be applicable only if the ratio of
procedures for the tension testing of carbon and graphite
specimen diameter to grain size, or flaw size, is greater than 5.
mechanical materials with a grain size smaller than 0.79 mm
1 4.2 These test methods do not substitute for that described
( ⁄32 in.).
in Test Method C749, but are useful where less sophisticated
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
data and less expensive techniques are sufficient.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4.3 Carbon and graphite materials exhibit significant physi-
only.
cal property differences within parent materials. Exact sam-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
pling patterns and grain orientations must be specified in order
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to make meaningful tensile strength comparisons.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Apparatus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 Testing Machine—The machine used for tension testing
2. Referenced Documents shall conform to the requirements of Practices E4. The testing
machine shall have a capacity that the breaking load of the test
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specimen falls between 10 and 90 % of the scale capacity.
C709 Terminology Relating to Manufactured Carbon and
5.2 Gripping Devices—Gripping devices that conform to
Graphite
those illustrated in Fig. 1 shall be used. These gripping devices
C749 Test Method for Tensile Stress-Strain of Carbon and
shall be attached to the heads of the testing machine through
Graphite
chain connectors. Fig. 2 shows the gripping device connected
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
to the heads. Extreme care shall be taken that the axis of the
E6 TerminologyRelatingtoMethodsofMechanicalTesting
test specimen is located on the center line of the head of the
3. Terminology testing machine.
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms relating to manu-
6. Test Specimens
factured carbon and graphite, see Terminology C709. The
6.1 Test specimens shall be produced to the configuration
definitions of terms relating to tension testing in Terminology
shown in Fig. 3.
E6 shall be considered as applying to the terms used in these
6.2 Improperly prepared test specimens often cause unsat-
test methods.
isfactory test results. It is important, therefore, that care be
4. Significance and Use exercised in the preparation of specimens, particularly in the
machining and polishing.
4.1 These test methods may be used for quality control
6.3 The specimen shall be hand polished with No. 000 dry
testing of established grades of carbon and graphite materials,
paper until no circular grooves are visible to the naked eye.
6.4 Theacceptablefracturezoneofthespecimenshallbe19
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on 3
mm ( ⁄4 in.) long with the center of the zone at the point of
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of Subcommit-
minimum diameter. Marks indicating fracture zone limits may
tee D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.
be applied with ink or layout dope, but no scratching, punch-
Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as C565 – 93 (1998).
ing, or notching of the specimen is permissible.
DOI: 10.1520/C0565-93R05.
6.5 To determine the cross-sectional area, the diameter of
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the specimen at the narrowest point shall be used. The
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on dimension shall be recorded to the nearest 0.02 mm (0.001 in.).
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C565–93 (2005)
FIG. 2 Test Setup
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in inche
...

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5.1 The Molten Salt Reactor is a nuclear reactor which uses graphite as reflector and structural material, and molten salt as coolant. The graphite components will be submerged in the molten salt during the lifetime of the reactor. The porous structure of graphite may lead to molten salt permeation, which can affect the thermal and mechanical properties of graphite. Consequently, it may be necessary to measure the various strengths of the manufactured graphite materials after impregnation with molten salt and before exposure to the reactor environment in a range of test configurations in order for designers or operators to assess their performance.
Note 1: Depending upon the salt selected for the reactor, there may be some chemical reaction between the salt and the graphite that could affect properties. The user should establish, prior to following this guide, that any interactions between the molten salt and graphite are understood and any implications for the validity of the strength tests have been assessed.  
5.2 For gas-cooled reactors, the strength of a graphite specimen is usually measured at room temperature. However, for molten salt reactors, the operating temperature of the reactor must be higher than the melting temperature of the salt, and so the salt will be in solid state at room temperature. Consequently, room temperature measurements may not be representative of the performance of the material at its true operating conditions. It is therefore necessary to measure the strength at an elevated temperature where the salt is in liquid form.
Note 2: Users should be aware that a small increase in graphite strength is expected with increasing temperature. Testing at the plant operating temperature will eliminate this small uncertainty.  
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Standard Guide for Impregnation of Graphite with Molten Salt

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5.1 The molten salt reactor is a nuclear reactor which uses graphite as reflector and structural material and fluoride molten salt as coolant. The graphite components will be submerged in the molten salt during the lifetime of the reactor. The porous structure of graphite may lead to molten salt permeation, which can affect the thermal and mechanical properties of graphite. Consequently, it is important to assess the effect of impregnation of molten salt on the properties of the as-manufactured graphite material.  
5.2 The purpose of this guide is to report considerations that should be included in the preparation of graphite specimens representative of that after exposure to a molten salt environment. The degree to which the molten salt will infiltrate the graphite will depend upon a number of factors, including the type of graphite and the type and extent of porosity, the properties of the molten salt, the impregnation pressure and temperature, and the duration of the exposure of the graphite to the molten salt.  
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5.4 This guide is not intended to be prescriptive. A typical apparatus and associated procedure are described. Some indication of the sensitivity of the procedure to graphite type and impregnation conditions is given in He, et al.5  
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5.5.1 The density of molten salt is greater than that of graphite. A specially designed tool is required to submerge graphite samples in the molten salt during the impregnation process.  
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4.1 Carbon and graphite can usually support higher loads in compression than in any other mode of stress. This test, therefore, provides a measure of the maximum load-bearing capability of carbon and graphite objects.
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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