ASTM F3077-21

Standard Specification for Eye Protectors for Women’s Lacrosse

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers eye protectors designed for use by players of women’s lacrosse that minimize or significantly reduce injury to the eye and adnexa due to impact and penetration of lacrosse balls. Protective eyewear offers protection only to the eyes and does not protect other parts of the head.  
1.2 Impact testing is done in a laboratory setting. Eye contact is determined by observation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Metric units of measurement in this specification are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI). If a value for measurement as given in this specification is followed by an equivalent value in other units, the first stated is to be regarded as the requirement. A given equivalent value may be approximate.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion (Sections 8, 9, and 10) of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2021
• ICS: 13.340.20 - Head protective equipment
• Technical Committee: F08 - Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities
• Drafting Committee: F08.57 - Eye Safety for Sports

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D1003-11 - Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2011
• Refers: ASTM D1003-11e1 - Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2011
• Refers: ASTM D1003-07 - Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Refers: ASTM D1003-00 - Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000

Overview

ASTM F3077-21: Standard Specification for Eye Protectors for Women’s Lacrosse is an international standard developed by ASTM International. This specification focuses on the minimum requirements for protective eye equipment used by players in women’s lacrosse. Its primary goal is to minimize or significantly reduce the risk of eye injuries caused by impact and penetration from lacrosse balls during play. Note that these protectors are specifically designed to safeguard the eyes and immediate surrounding areas (adnexa) but do not provide protection to other parts of the head.

ASTM F3077-21 ensures that products designed for this purpose are subjected to rigorous laboratory impact testing, and that they meet key optical, mechanical, and material requirements as stated in the standard.

Key Topics

Core aspects of ASTM F3077-21 include:

• Scope and Purpose: Defines eye protectors specifically for women’s lacrosse players to reduce the risk of injuries from impacts and projectile penetration by lacrosse balls.
• Types of Eye Protectors: Classifies protectors into three types based on construction (with or without lenses, prescription compatibility).
• Performance Requirements:
  • Optical Quality: Prescribes strict tolerances for refractive power, astigmatism, and luminous transmittance to ensure clear, undistorted vision.
  • Impact Resistance: Specifies protocols for high velocity and drop ball impact testing to simulate field conditions.
  • Mechanical Integrity: Ensures protectors remain intact, do not fragment, and stay securely in place in the event of impact.
• Material Requirements: Materials in contact with the skin should not cause irritation or degrade due to perspiration or skin oils.
• Testing Methods: Utilizes laboratory impact tests, optical and haze testing, and drop ball methods for prescription and non-prescription protectors.
• Prescription Lens Compatibility: Outlines requirements for frames and insert systems that can accommodate corrective lenses, ensuring both optical performance and impact protection.
• Cleaning and Maintenance: Recommends cleaning procedures to retain protector functionality.

Applications

ASTM F3077-21 is essential for:

• Manufacturers of women’s lacrosse protective eyewear, ensuring product compliance and market access.
• Lacrosse sports organizations and leagues that set equipment policies for player safety.
• Retailers and distributors verifying eyewear products meet recognized safety standards.
• Athletes and coaches selecting appropriate protective gear to reduce risk of eye injuries during practices and matches.
• Eyewear laboratories fitting prescription lenses into compliant frames or carriers.

This standard facilitates the selection and use of safe, high-quality protective eyewear, supporting player welfare and liability management for organizations.

Related Standards

ASTM F3077-21 references several key standardized test methods and related documents to support its requirements:

• ASTM D412 - Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers-Tension
• ASTM D1003 - Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
• ASTM D2240 - Test Method for Rubber Property-Durometer Hardness
• ANSI Z80.1 - Requirements for First-Quality Prescription Ophthalmic Lenses
• ANSI Z80.3 - Nonprescription Sunglasses and Fashion Eyewear Requirements
• ANSI Z87.1 - Occupational and Educational Personal Eye and Face Protection Devices
• CSA Z262.6-14 - Specifications for Facially Featured Head Forms (for testing fit)
• NOCSAE ND 049 - Standard Performance Specification for Newly Manufactured Lacrosse Balls

Practical Value

Adhering to ASTM F3077-21 ensures that women’s lacrosse eye protectors offer proven levels of impact protection and optical clarity, supporting both player safety and regulatory compliance within youth and adult women’s lacrosse environments. By following this standard, manufacturers, sports organizations, and end users help promote player confidence and minimize avoidable injuries on the field.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3077 −21
Standard Specification for
Eye Protectors for Women’s Lacrosse
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3077; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D412TestMethodsforVulcanizedRubberandThermoplas-
tic Elastomers—Tension
1.1 Thisspecificationcoverseyeprotectorsdesignedforuse
D1003Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
by players of women’s lacrosse that minimize or significantly
of Transparent Plastics
reduce injury to the eye and adnexa due to impact and
D2240TestMethodforRubberProperty—DurometerHard-
penetration of lacrosse balls. Protective eyewear offers protec-
ness
tion only to the eyes and does not protect other parts of the
2.2 ANSI Standards:
head.
ANSI Z80.1Requirements for First-Quality Prescription
1.2 Impact testing is done in a laboratory setting. Eye
Ophthalmic Lenses
contact is determined by observation.
ANSI Z80.3Nonprescription Sunglasses and Fashion Eye-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the wear Requirements
ANSI Z87.1Occupational and Educational Personal Eye
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only. Metric units of measurement in this specification are in and Face Protection Devices
accordance with the International System of Units (SI). If a 2.3 Federal Standard:
valueformeasurementasgiveninthisspecificationisfollowed National Institute of Standards and Technology Special
by an equivalent value in other units, the first stated is to be Technical Publication 374Method for Determining the
regarded as the requirement.Agiven equivalent value may be Resolving Power of Photographic Lenses
approximate. 2.4 Canadian Standard:
CSA Z262.6-14Specifications for Facially Featured Head
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
Forms
test methods portion (Sections 8, 9, and 10) of this specifica-
2.5 NOCSAE Standard:
tion: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
NOCSAE (ND) 049Standard Performance Specification for
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
Newly Manufactured Lacrosse Balls
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety,
health, and environmental practices and determine the appli-
3. Terminology
cability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.1 binocular, adj—relating to the field of view which is
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
shared by both eyes simultaneously; also any simultaneous
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
activity of the two eyes.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.2 central viewing zone, n—that part of the eye of a
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
protector which has its center in line with the wearer’s normal
line of sight.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The zone is circular in shape, and 40
mmindiameter.Thecenterofthecentralviewingzoneshallbe
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the point of intersection of the line of sight with the lens as
mounted on the CSA headform. (See CSA Z262.6.)
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.57 on Eye Safety for Sports. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2021. Published December 2021. Originally 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F3077–17. DOI: Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
10.1520/F3077-21. Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
2 5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http://www.csa.ca.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic
the ASTM website. Equipment (NOCSAE), http://www.nocsae.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F3077 − 21
3.1.3 cleanable, n—abilityofaprotectivedevicetobemade 3.1.18.1 Discussion—The amount of bending is a function
readily free of dirt or grime without being damaged during an of the curvatures, thickness, index of refraction of the material
appropriatecleaningprocess,suchastheuseofsoapandwater. and the angle of approach of the line of sight to the optical
surface. In this specification, prism refers to the amount of
3.1.4 coverage, n—characteristic of a protective device that
bendingthatisimposeduponthelineofsightofawearerofan
obstructs straight line paths that are coincident with the
eye protector for the specified viewing position. Prism is
wearer’s eyes.
expressed in diopters. The deviation of the line of sight by 1
3.1.5 definition (optical), n—characteristic of a lens that
cm/m is one prism diopter.
allows separate distinct points in close proximity to be dis-
3.1.18.1 base-in, n—relating to the type of prism imbalance
cerned when looking through the lens.
that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through a
3.1.6 eye, n—relating to the eye of a test headform or the
protector, spaced apart by the inter-pupillary distance, to
eye of a person wearing a protector or that part of an eye
converge.
protective device through which a wearer’s eye would nor-
3.1.18.2 base-out, n—relating to the type of prism imbal-
mally look.
ance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through
3.1.7 eye of the headform, n—allstructurescontainedwithin
a protector, spaced apart by the inter-pupillary distance, to
the orbital rim of the CSA headform. (See CSA Z262.6.)
diverge.
3.1.8 haze, n—fraction of the total transmitted light from a
3.1.18.3 base-up, n—refers to the type of prism that causes
normally incident beam which is not transmitted in a focused
a horizontal beam of light to bend upward causing objects to
condition but scattered by inclusions or surface defects.
appear lower than their true position.
3.1.8.1 Discussion—Excessive haze will reduce contrast
3.1.18.4 base-down, n—refers to the type of prism that
and visibility.
causesahorizontalbeamoflighttobenddowncausingobjects
3.1.9 headform optical parameters, n—key dimensions for
to appear higher than their true position.
the head forms.
3.1.19 prism imbalance, n—
3.1.10 impact resistance, n—theabilityofadevicetoafford
3.1.19.1 horizontal imbalance, n—difference in prismatic
protection from impact as required by this specification.
deviation of incident parallel light beams on the two eyes of a
3.1.11 lens, n—when so equipped, the transparent part or protective device in the horizontal meridian. (See base-in and
base-out.)
partsofaprotectivedevicethroughwhichthewearernormally
sees.
3.1.19.2 vertical imbalance, n—difference in prismatic de-
viation between parallel light beams incident on the two eyes
3.1.12 luminous transmittance, n—function of the spectral
of a protective device in the vertical meridian.
transmittance of the lens weighted by the corresponding
ordinates of the photopic luminous efficiency distribution of
3.1.20 protective device (or protector), n—device that pro-
the CIE (1931) standard colorimetric observer and by the
vides protection to the wearer’s eye against specific hazards
spectral intensity of standard Illuminant C. (See ANSI Z80.3,
encountered in sports.
Paragraph 3.9.1.)
3.1.21 refractive power, n—focusing effect of a lens ex-
3.1.13 normal lines of sight, n—straight ahead horizontal
pressed in diopters.
lines that intersect the center of the eyes of the appropriate
3.1.21.1 astigmatism, n—conditioninalensthatcreatestwo
headform.
axially separated line foci of each object point, the lines being
3.1.14 penetration resistance, n—the ability of a device to
mutually perpendicular. In other words, the lens has two
afford protection from moving objects as required by this
different refractive powers in meridians that are 90° apart.
specification.
3.1.22 scotoma, n—blind or partially blind area within the
3.1.15 plano lens, n—a lens that does not incorporate a
visual field.
corrective prescription. This lens is not necessarily flat.
3.1.23 spherical power, n—the average of the maximum
3.1.16 power imbalance, n—relates to the condition in
meridional astigmatic power and the minimum meridional
which the refractive power of the lens or lenses of a protector
astigmatic power of a lens.
is different as presented to the two eyes.
4. Classification
3.1.17 prescription (corrective) lens carrier, n—alenshous-
ing(frame)formountingprescriptionlensesbehindthelensor
4.1 Eye protectors are classified into the following types:
non-lens (cage) of a Type I or Type III protective eyewear
4.1.1 Type I—Aprotector with the lens or lenses and frame
device as subject to this standard to provide for corrected
frontpiecemoldedasoneunit.Frametemplesorotherdevices,
vision of the wearer.
such as straps, to affix the lens/front piece may be separate
3.1.17.1 Discussion—The carrier housing itself is affixed to
pieces.
the interior of the primary protective device.
4.1.2 TypeII—Aprotectorwithasinglelensorlenses,either
3.1.18 prism, n—a device that bends a beam of light as a plano or prescription, mounted in a frame that was manufac-
tured as a separate unit.
result of the lack of parallelism of the two surfaces of a lens
through which the beam of light traverses. 4.1.3 Type III—A protector without a lens.
F3077 − 21
5. General Requirements 6.1.9 Lenses that exhibit any distortion or doubling of the
image during the test for refractive power or prism shall be
5.1 Materials of Construction:
further tested in accordance with 8.1.
5.1.1 The manufacturer’s choice of material shall be in
6.1.10 Optical Quality—Within the central viewing zone,
accordance with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3.
striaewarpage,surfaceripples,lenticulations,orabruptoptical
5.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the wearer’s face
changesthatarevisibleunderthetestconditionsof8.1andthat
shall not be of a type known to cause skin irritation.
would impair the function of the lens shall be cause for
5.1.3 Materials coming into contact with the wearer’s face,
rejection. Visual impairment is defined by the scanning and
except replaceable padding, shall not undergo significant loss
focimeter test of 8.1.
ofstrengthorflexibility,orotherphysicalchangeasaresultof
6.1.11 Surface and Internal Defects—Pits, scratches,
perspiration, oil, or grease from the wearer’s skin and hair.
bubbles, grayness, specks, cracks, and water marks that are
5.1.3.1 Manufacturerwillprovidematerialselectionand,by
visible under the test conditions of 8.6 and that would impair
affidavit, support 5.1.1 – 5.1.3.
thefunctionofthelensshallbeacauseforrejection.Grayness
5.1.4 Cleanability—Protective devices shall be capable of
should be evaluated by the requirements of 6.1.6.
being cleaned to the degree that when conditioned in accor-
6.2 Mechanical Requirements:
dance with the method described in 9.1, they shall remain
6.2.1 No contact with the eye of the headform shall be
functional in all ways.
permitted when tested in accordance with 10.1.
5.2 Finishes and Construction—The protector shall be con-
6.2.2 When tested in accordance with 10.1, displaced frag-
structed in a manner to prevent the missile or components of
ments or complete fracture of any components of the eye
the protector from contact with the eye of the headform when
protector excluding padding constitutes a failure.
tested in accordance with Section 10.
6.2.3 When tested in accordance with 10.1, any displace-
ment of the lens from the frame and that contacts the eye,
5.3 Straps are not required on eye protectors, provided the
constitutes a failure.
protector passes the standard without straps.
6.2.4 A protector that is dislodged from the test headform
when tested in accordance with 10.1 shall not constitute a
6. Performance Requirements
failure, provided all of the above mechanical requirements are
6.1 Optical Requirements—Type I and II Protectors:
met.
6.1.1 Refractive Tolerances—When tested in accordance
6.3 Requirements for Frames to be Fitted With Rx (Correc-
with 8.5, maximum refractive power in any meridian shall not
tive) Lenses:
exceed +0.12 or –0.2 diopters. Spherical power shall be within
6.3.1 Frames intended to be used for prescription lenses
the range of +0.06 diopters to –0.18 diopters.
shall be tested to the requirements of 6.2 with representative
6.1.2 Astigmatism—Whentestedinaccordancewith8.5,the
testlensesofplano,andthehighestpluseffectivespherepower
astigmatism shall not exceed 0.12 diopter.
and lowest minus effective sphere power as desired to be
6.1.3 Power Imbalance—When tested in accordance with
qualified by the manufacturer. Each lens material(s)/
8.5, the power imbalance in corresponding meridians shall not
manufacturer(s), surface treatment (for example, coating) and
exceed 0.18 diopters between the two eyes for straight-ahead
finishing process as desired to be qualified for laboratory
seeing.
finishing. If all test lenses pass, than any prescription lens of
6.1.4 Prism—Fortheprimaryviewingpositionofeithereye
the same of greater thickness at it thinnest point within the
of a shield or pair of lenses, the prism deviation shall not
prescription range tested and qualified which is made of the
exceed0.50prismdiopterswhentestedinaccordancewith8.3.
same material(s)/manufacturer(s), with the same surface treat-
6.1.5 Prism Imbalance:
ment (coatings) and finishing processes may be approved for
use with that frame.
6.1.5.1 Vertical and Base-In—0.25 prism diopters.
6.3.2 OpticalFinishinglaboratoriesshallonlyfitlensesinto
6.1.5.2 Base-Out—0.50 prism diopters.
protector frames within the highest plus and lowest minus
6.1.6 Luminous Transmittance—When tested in accordance
sphere power as qualified for the frame in accord with the
with 8.2, protectors shall have a luminous transmittance of not
minimum thickness, material(s), manufacturer(s) and surface
less than 85 % for a clear device and not less than 20 % for
treatment(s) which were qualified and approved for use with
tinted devices. Additionally, the difference in values as would
the protector frame in accord with those instructions as
be viewed by the two eyes through a single protector as worn
provided by the frame manufacturer (as required by this
shall not exceed 0.9 to 1.1 times the other value (measured at
standard).
the design line of sight) unless specifically prescribed by an
6.3.3 Finished (glazed) lenses shall comply with current
ophthalmic professional.
requirements as set forth inANSI Z80.1 with the exception of
6.1.7 Ultraviolet Transmittance—UVB(290–315nm),clear
drop ball requirements which shall be qualified as in 6.3.
protectors, 5 % maximum, sunglass types, 1 % maximum.
UVA(315–380nm),clearprotectors,50%maximum,sunglass
6.4 Requirements for Prescription (corrective) Lens Carri-
types, 0.5 luminous transmittance. ers:
6.1.8 Haze—When tested in accordance with 8.4, the haze 6.4.1 Prescription lens carrier systems (frames and lenses)
in the protector shall not exceed 3 %. shall meet the requirements of both 6.4.2 and 6.4.3.
F3077 − 21
6.4.2 Requirements for Prescription (corrective) Lenses surfacetreatment(s)whichwerequalifiedandapprovedforuse
used in Prescription Lens Carriers: with the protector (frame) in accord with those instructions as
provided by the frame manufacturer.
6.4.2.1 Requirements for Lenses use in Prescription (cor-
6.4.3.6 Finished (glazed) lenses shall comply with current
rective) Carriers:
requirements as set forth inANSI Z80.1 with the exception of
(1)Lensesintendedtobeusedinprescriptioncarriersshall
drop ball requirements which shall be qualified as in 10.3.
be qualified for drop ball impact resistance as in accordance
6.4.3.7 Optical Finishing laboratories shall only fit lenses
with10.3.Threelensesofeacheffectivespherepower(highest
intoprescriptionlenscarrierframeswithinthehighestplusand
plus and lowest minus) shall be tested.
lowestminusspherepowerasqualifiedfortheframeinaccord
(2)Lensesintendedtobeusedinprescriptioncarriersshall
with the minimum thickness, material(s)/manufacturer(s) and
be tested and qualified to the requirements of 10.3 with lenses
surface treatment(s) which were qualified in accord with 10.3
of the highest plus effective sphere power and lowest minus
and 6.4.2 of this standard and approved for use with the
effective sphere power as desired to be qualified by the
protector (frame) in accord with those instructions as provided
manufacturer for use in the prescription lens carrier. The
by the frame manufacturer (as required by this standard).
representative test lenses shall be of the minimum thickness,
material(s)/manufacturer(s), surface treatment (for example,
7. Sample Preparation
coating) and finishing process as desired to be qualified for
laboratory finishing in the prescription lens carrier.
7.1 Only new and complete eye protectors as offered for
(3)When tested in accordance with 10.3, the lens shall be
sale shall be tested.
capableofresistingimpactbya25.4mm(1.in.)diametersteel
7.2 Protectors shall be conditioned and tested at two
ball when dropped freom a height of 127 cm (50 in.).The lens
temperatures, 39 6 2°C and –2 6 2°C for a minimum of 4 h
shall not fracture as a result of this test.
prior to mechanical testing. For the purpose of this standard,
(4)When tested to the requirements of 10.3, if all test
fourprotectorsaretestedat39 62°Candfourprotectorsat–2
lenses pass, then any prescription lens of the same of greater
6 2°C.
thickness at it thinnest point within the prescription range
tested and qualified which is made of the same material(s)/
TEST METHODS
manufacturer(s), with the same surface treatment (coatings)
and finishing processes may be utilized for use with the
8. Optical Tests
prescriptionlenscarrierthathasitselfbeentestedandqualified
8.1 Optical Quality—Localized power errors or aberrations
with a lens of the same properties in accordance with 6.2.
thataredetectedbythevisualinspectionprocedureof8.1.1are
6.4.3 Requirements for Prescription (corrective) Lens Car-
permissible if no measurable or gross focimeter or telescope
rier Frames:
target distortion or blur is found when the localized area is
6.4.3.1 Protectors intended to incorporate prescription lens
examined with an instrument as indicated in 8.1.2.
carriers shall be tested to the requirements in 6.2 with repre-
8.1.1 Inspection Procedure—One method of optical inspec-
sentative test lenses of the highest plus effective sphere power
tion is to view a high-contrast grid pattern of dark and white
and lowest minus effective sphere power as desired to be
lines through the lens, scanning it area by area and moving it
qualified by the manufacturer. The representative test lenses
about. The grid pattern should be at least 18 by 18 in. and
shall be of the minimum thickness, material(s)/
constructed of high contrast black lines on a white background
manufacturer(s), surface treatment (for example, coating) and
(thewhiteseparationsbeingequaltotheblacklines,bothbeing
finishing process as desired to be qualified for laboratory
approximately ⁄4 in. wide).The target should be at least 6 to 8
finishing.
ft from the observer, and the lens should be held at least 18 to
6.4.3.2 Each protector model intended to allow incorpora-
24in.fromtheeye.Anyripplesinthelensdetectedbythistest
tion of a lens carrier shall be tested to the full requirements in
method should be further examined in accordance with 8.1.2.
6.2.
8.1.2 The referee method of detecting optical defects and
6.4.3.3 Prescription lens carriers not manufactured or sold,
localaberrationsistoscanthecentralviewingzone,especially
or both, by the protective device frame manufacturer shall not
areasofsuspicionarisingfromthevisualtestof8.1.1.Thelens
be used and are prohibited by this standard.
orshieldshouldbescannedwithaprecisionfocimeteroran8×
6.4.3.4 When tested to the requirements in 6.2,ifall
to 10× telescope using the targets and arrangements described
protectorspass,thenthatprotectormodelandprescriptionlens
in 8.5.2. The aperture should be 5 to 7 mm for this examina-
carrier model combination as fitted with any prescription lens
tion.Areas outside the central viewing zone or within 6 mm of
of the same of greater thickness at it thinnest point within the
the edge need not be tested. When the central viewing area is
prescription range tested and qualified which is made of the
scanned, there shall be no sudden jump, doubling, or blurring
same material(s)/manufacturer(s), with the same surface treat-
of the image greater than 0.08 diopters change in power.
ment (coatings) and finishing processes may be approved for
Gradual variations in the central viewing zone shall be within
use with that frame.
the power imbalance tolerances. An optical focimeter with
6.4.3.5 Optical Finishing laboratories shall only fit lenses electronic readout repeatable to 0.02 diopters is a satisfactory
intoprescriptionlenscarrierframeswithinthehighestplusand alternate method
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F3077 − 17 F3077 − 21
Standard Specification for
Eye Protectors for Women’s Lacrosse
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3077; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers eye protectors designed for use by players of women’s lacrosse that minimize or significantly reduce
injury to the eye and adnexa due to impact and penetration of lacrosse balls. Protective eyewear offers protection only to the eyes
and does not protect other parts of the head.
1.2 Impact testing is done in a laboratory setting. Eye contact is determined by observation.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Metric units of measurement in this specification are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI). If a value for
measurement as given in this specification is followed by an equivalent value in other units, the first stated is to be regarded as
the requirement. A given equivalent value may be approximate.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion (Sections 8, 9, and 10) of this specification:
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension
D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness
2.2 ANSI Standards:
ANSI Z80.1 Requirements for First-Quality Prescription Ophthalmic Lenses
ANSI Z80.3 Nonprescription Sunglasses and Fashion Eyewear Requirements
ANSI Z87.1 Occupational and Educational Personal Eye and Face Protection Devices
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.57 on Eye Safety for Sports.
Current edition approved July 1, 2017Dec. 1, 2021. Published October 2017December 2021. Originally approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 20142017
as F3077 – 14.F3077 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/F3077-17.10.1520/F3077-21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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2.3 Federal Standard:
National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Technical Publication 374 Method for Determining the Resolving Power
of Photographic Lenses
2.4 Canadian Standard:
CSA Z262.6-14 Specifications for Facially Featured Head Forms
2.5 NOCSAE Standard:
NOCSAE (ND) 049 Standard Performance Specification for Newly Manufactured Lacrosse Balls
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 binocular, adj—relating to the field of view which is shared by both eyes simultaneously; also any simultaneous activity of
the two eyes.
3.1.2 central viewing zone, n—that part of the eye of a protector which has its center in line with the wearer’s normal line of sight.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
The zone is circular in shape, and 40 mm in diameter. The center of the central viewing zone shall be the point of intersection of
the line of sight with the lens as mounted on the CSA headform. (See CSA Z262.6.)
3.1.3 cleanable, n—ability of a protective device to be made readily free of dirt or grime without being damaged during an
appropriate cleaning process, such as the use of soap and water.
3.1.4 coverage, n—characteristic of a protective device that obstructs straight line paths that are coincident with the wearer’s eyes.
3.1.5 definition (optical), n—characteristic of a lens that allows separate distinct points in close proximity to be discerned when
looking through the lens.
3.1.6 eye, n—relating to the eye of a test headform or the eye of a person wearing a protector or that part of an eye protective
device through which a wearer’s eye would normally look.
3.1.7 eye of the headform, n—all structures contained within the orbital rim of the CSA headform. (See CSA Z262.6.)
3.1.8 haze, n—fraction of the total transmitted light from a normally incident beam which is not transmitted in a focused condition
but scattered by inclusions or surface defects.
3.1.8.1 Discussion—
Excessive haze will reduce contrast and visibility.
3.1.9 headform optical parameters, n—key dimensions for the head forms.
3.1.10 impact resistance, n—the ability of a device to afford protection from impact as required by this specification.
3.1.11 lens, n—when so equipped, the transparent part or parts of a protective device through which the wearer normally sees.
3.1.12 luminous transmittance, n—function of the spectral transmittance of the lens weighted by the corresponding ordinates of
the photopic luminous efficiency distribution of the CIE (1931) standard colorimetric observer and by the spectral intensity of
standard Illuminant C. (See ANSI Z80.3, Paragraph 3.9.1.)
3.1.13 normal lines of sight, n—straight ahead horizontal lines that intersect the center of the eyes of the appropriate headform.
3.1.14 penetration resistance, n—the ability of a device to afford protection from moving objects as required by this specification.
Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way, Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http://www.csa.ca.
Available from the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE), http://www.nocsae.org.
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3.1.15 plano lens, n—a lens that does not incorporate a corrective prescription. This lens is not necessarily flat.
3.1.16 power imbalance, n—relates to the condition in which the refractive power of the lens or lenses of a protector is different
as presented to the two eyes.
3.1.17 prescription (corrective) lens carrier, n—a lens housing (frame) for mounting prescription lenses behind the lens or
non-lens (cage) of a Type I or Type III protective eyewear device as subject to this standard to provide for corrected vision of the
wearer.
3.1.17.1 Discussion—
The carrier housing itself is affixed to the interior of the primary protective device.
3.1.18 prism, n—a device that bends a beam of light as a result of the lack of parallelism of the two surfaces of a lens through
which the beam of light traverses.
3.1.18.1 Discussion—
The amount of bending is a function of the curvatures, thickness, index of refraction of the material and the angle of approach of
the line of sight to the optical surface. In this specification, prism refers to the amount of bending that is imposed upon the line
of sight of a wearer of an eye protector for the specified viewing position. Prism is expressed in diopters. The deviation of the line
of sight by 1 cm/m is one prism diopter.
3.1.18.1 base-in, n—relating to the type of prism imbalance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through a protector,
spaced apart by the inter-pupillary distance, to converge.
3.1.18.2 base-out, n—relating to the type of prism imbalance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through a
protector, spaced apart by the inter-pupillary distance, to diverge.
3.1.18.3 base-up, n—refers to the type of prism that causes a horizontal beam of light to bend upward causing objects to appear
lower than their true position.
3.1.18.4 base-down, n—refers to the type of prism that causes a horizontal beam of light to bend down causing objects to appear
higher than their true position.
3.1.19 prism imbalance, n—
3.1.19.1 horizontal imbalance, n—difference in prismatic deviation of incident parallel light beams on the two eyes of a
protective device in the horizontal meridian. (See base-in and base-out.)
3.1.19.2 vertical imbalance, n—difference in prismatic deviation between parallel light beams incident on the two eyes of a
protective device in the vertical meridian.
3.1.20 protective device (or protector), n—device that provides protection to the wearer’s eye against specific hazards encountered
in sports.
3.1.21 refractive power, n—focusing effect of a lens expressed in diopters.
3.1.21.1 astigmatism, n—condition in a lens that creates two axially separated line foci of each object point, the lines being
mutually perpendicular. In other words, the lens has two different refractive powers in meridians that are 90° apart.
3.1.22 scotoma, n—blind or partially blind area within the visual field.
3.1.23 spherical power, n—the average of the maximum meridional astigmatic power and the minimum meridional astigmatic
power of a lens.
4. Classification
4.1 Eye protectors are classified into the following types:
4.1.1 Type I—A protector with the lens or lenses and frame front piece molded as one unit. Frame temples or other devices, such
as straps, to affix the lens/front piece may be separate pieces.
4.1.2 Type II—A protector with a single lens or lenses, either plano or prescription, mounted in a frame that was manufactured
as a separate unit.
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4.1.3 Type III—A protector without a lens.
5. General Requirements
5.1 Materials of Construction:
5.1.1 The manufacturer’s choice of material shall be in accordance with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3.
5.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the wearer’s face shall not be of a type known to cause skin irritation.
5.1.3 Materials coming into contact with the wearer’s face, except replaceable padding, shall not undergo significant loss of
strength or flexibility, or other physical change as a result of perspiration, oil, or grease from the wearer’s skin and hair.
5.1.3.1 Manufacturer will provide material selection and, by affidavit, support 5.1.1 – 5.1.3.
5.1.4 Cleanability—Protective devices shall be capable of being cleaned to the degree that when conditioned in accordance with
the method described in 9.1, they shall remain functional in all ways.
5.2 Finishes and Construction—The protector shall be constructed in a manner to prevent the missile or components of the
protector from contact with the eye of the headform when tested in accordance with Section 10.
5.3 Straps are not required on eye protectors, provided the protector passes the standard without straps.
6. Performance Requirements
6.1 Optical Requirements—Type I and II Protectors:
6.1.1 Refractive Tolerances—When tested in accordance with 8.5, maximum refractive power in any meridian shall not exceed
+0.12 or –0.2 diopters. Spherical power shall be within the range of +0.06 diopters to –0.18 diopters.
6.1.2 Astigmatism—When tested in accordance with 8.5, the astigmatism shall not exceed 0.12 diopter.
6.1.3 Power Imbalance—When tested in accordance with 8.5, the power imbalance in corresponding meridians shall not exceed
0.18 diopters between the two eyes for straight-ahead seeing.
6.1.4 Prism—For the primary viewing position of either eye of a shield or pair of lenses, the prism deviation shall not exceed 0.50
prism diopters when tested in accordance with 8.3.
6.1.5 Prism Imbalance:
6.1.5.1 Vertical and Base-In—0.25 prism diopters.
6.1.5.2 Base-Out—0.50 prism diopters.
6.1.6 Luminous Transmittance—When tested in accordance with 8.2, protectors shall have a luminous transmittance of not less
than 85 % for a clear device and not less than 20 % for tinted devices. Additionally, the difference in values as would be viewed
by the two eyes through a single protector as worn shall not exceed 0.9 to 1.1 times the other value (measured at the design line
of sight) unless specifically prescribed by an ophthalmic professional.
6.1.7 Ultraviolet Transmittance—UVB (290–315 nm), clear protectors, 5 % maximum, sunglass types, 1 % maximum. UVA
(315–380 nm), clear protectors, 50 % maximum, sunglass types, 0.5 luminous transmittance.
6.1.8 Haze—When tested in accordance with 8.4, the haze in the protector shall not exceed 3 %.
6.1.9 Lenses that exhibit any distortion or doubling of the image during the test for refractive power or prism shall be further tested
in accordance with 8.1.
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6.1.10 Optical Quality—Within the central viewing zone, striae warpage, surface ripples, lenticulations, or abrupt optical changes
that are visible under the test conditions of 8.1 and that would impair the function of the lens shall be cause for rejection. Visual
impairment is defined by the scanning and focimeter test of 8.1.
6.1.11 Surface and Internal Defects—Pits, scratches, bubbles, grayness, specks, cracks, and water marks that are visible under the
test conditions of 8.6 and that would impair the function of the lens shall be a cause for rejection. Grayness should be evaluated
by the requirements of 6.1.6.
6.2 Mechanical Requirements:
6.2.1 No contact with the eye of the headform shall be permitted when tested in accordance with Section 1010.1.
6.2.2 When tested in accordance with Section 1010.1, displaced fragments or complete fracture of any components of the eye
protector excluding padding constitutes a failure.
6.2.3 When tested in accordance with Section 1010.1, any displacement of the lens from the frame and that contacts the eye,
constitutes a failure.
6.2.4 A protector that is dislodged from the test headform when tested in accordance with Section 1010.1 shall not constitute a
failure, provided all of the above mechanical requirements are met.
6.3 Requirements for Frames to be Fitted With Rx (Corrective) Lenses:
6.3.1 Frames intended to be used for prescription lenses shall be tested to the requirements of 6.2 with plano, highest plus
representative test lenses of plano, and the highest plus effective sphere power and lowest minus effective sphere power as desired
to be qualified by the manufacturer. Each lens material(s)/ manufacturer(s), surface treatment (for example, coating) and finishing
process as desired to be qualified for laboratory finishing. If all test lenses pass, than any prescription lens of the same of greater
thickness at it thinnest point within the prescription range tested and qualified which is made of the same material(s)/
manufacturer(s), with the same surface treatment (coatings) and finishing processes may be approved for use with that frame.
6.3.2 Optical Finishing laboratories shall only fit lenses into protector frames within the highest plus and lowest minus sphere
power as qualified for the frame in accord with the minimum thickness, material(s), manufacturer(s) and surface treatment(s) which
were qualified and approved for use with the protector (frame)frame in accordance with lenses glazed into frames shall be within
the demonstrated diopter which the frame was qualified for.accord with those instructions as provided by the frame manufacturer
(as required by this standard).
6.3.3 Finished (glazed) lenses shall comply with current requirements as set forth in ANSI Z80.1.Z80.1 with the exception of drop
ball requirements which shall be qualified as in 6.3.
6.4 Requirements for Prescription (corrective) Lens Carriers:
6.4.1 Prescription lens carrier systems (frames and lenses) shall meet the requirements of both 6.4.2 and 6.4.3.
6.4.2 Requirements for Prescription (corrective) Lenses used in Prescription Lens Carriers:
6.4.2.1 Requirements for Lenses use in Prescription (corrective) Carriers:
(1) Lenses intended to be used in prescription carriers shall be qualified for drop ball impact resistance as in accordance with
10.3. Three lenses of each effective sphere power (highest plus and lowest minus) shall be tested.
(2) Lenses intended to be used in prescription carriers shall be tested and qualified to the requirements of 10.3 with lenses of
the highest plus effective sphere power and lowest minus effective sphere power as desired to be qualified by the manufacturer for
use in the prescription lens carrier. The representative test lenses shall be of the minimum thickness, material(s)/manufacturer(s),
surface treatment (for example, coating) and finishing process as desired to be qualified for laboratory finishing in the prescription
lens carrier.
(3) When tested in accordance with 10.3, the lens shall be capable of resisting impact by a 25.4 mm (1. in.) diameter steel ball
when dropped freom a height of 127 cm (50 in.). The lens shall not fracture as a result of this test.
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(4) When tested to the requirements of 10.3, if all test lenses pass, then any prescription lens of the same of greater thickness
at it thinnest point within the prescription range tested and qualified which is made of the same material(s)/manufacturer(s), with
the same surface treatment (coatings) and finishing processes may be utilized for use with the prescription lens carrier that has itself
been tested and qualified with a lens of the same properties in accordance with 6.2.
6.4.3 Requirements for Prescription (corrective) Lens Carrier Frames:
6.4.3.1 Protectors intended to incorporate prescription lens carriers shall be tested to the requirements in 6.2 with representative
test lenses of the highest plus effective sphere power and lowest minus effective sphere power as desired to be qualified by the
manufacturer. The representative test lenses shall be of the minimum thickness, material(s)/manufacturer(s), surface treatment (for
example, coating) and finishing process as desired to be qualified for laboratory finishing.
6.4.3.2 Each protector model intended to allow incorporation of a lens carrier shall be tested to the full requirements in 6.2.
6.4.3.3 Prescription lens carriers not manufactured or sold, or both, by the protective device frame manufacturer shall not be used
and are prohibited by this standard.
6.4.3.4 When tested to the requirements in 6.2, if all protectors pass, then that protector model and prescription lens carrier model
combination as fitted with any prescription lens of the same of greater thickness at it thinnest point within the prescription range
tested and qualified which is made of the same material(s)/manufacturer(s), with the same surface treatment (coatings) and
finishing processes may be approved for use with that frame.
6.4.3.5 Optical Finishing laboratories shall only fit lenses into prescription lens carrier frames within the highest plus and lowest
minus sphere power as qualified for the frame in accord with the minimum thickness, material(s)/manufacturer(s) and surface
treatment(s) which were qualified and approved for use with the protector (frame) in accord with those instructions as provided
by the frame manufacturer.
6.4.3.6 Finished (glazed) lenses shall comply with current requirements as set forth in ANSI Z80.1 with the exception of drop ball
requirements which shall be qualified as in 10.3.
6.4.3.7 Optical Finishing laboratories shall only fit lenses into prescription lens carrier frames within the highest plus and lowest
minus sphere power as qualified for the frame in accord with the minimum thickness, material(s)/manufacturer(s) and surface
treatment(s) which were qualified in accord with 10.3 and 6.4.2 of this standard and approved for use with the protector (frame)
in accord with those instructions as provided by the frame manufacturer (as required by this standard).
7. Sample Preparation
7.1 Only new and complete eye protectors as offered for sale shall be tested.
7.2 Protectors shall be conditioned and tested at two temperatures, 39 6 2°C and –2 6 2°C for a minimum of 4 h prior to
mechanical testing. For the purpose of this standard, four protectors are tested at 39 6 2°C and four protectors at –2 6 2°C.
TEST METHODS
8. Optical Tests
8.1 Optical Quality—Localized power errors or aberrations that are detected by the visual inspection procedure of 8.1.1 are
permissible if no measurable or gross focimeter or telescope target distortion or blur is found when the localized area is examined
with an instrument as indicated in 8.1.2.
8.1.1 Inspection Procedure—One method of optical inspection is to view a high-contrast grid pattern of dark and white lines
through the lens, scanning it area by area and moving it about. The grid pattern should be at least 18 by 18 in. and constructed
of high contrast black lines on a white background (the white separations being equal to the black lines, both being approximately
⁄4 in. wide). The target should be at least 6 to 8 ft from the observer, and the lens should be held at least 18 to 24 in. from the
eye. Any ripples in the lens detected by this test method should be further examined in accordance with 8.1.2.
8.1.2 The referee method of detecting optical defects and local aberrations is to scan the central viewing zone, especially areas
of suspicion arising from the visual test of 8.1.1. The lens or shield should be scanned with a precision focimeter or an 8× to 10×
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telescope using the targets and arrangements described in 8.5.2. The aperture should be 5 to 7 mm for this examination. Areas
outside the central viewing zone or within 6 mm of the edge need not be tested. When the central viewing area is scanned, there
shall b
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