ASTM F942-02(2008)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Interlayer Materials for Aerospace Transparent Enclosures
Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Interlayer Materials for Aerospace Transparent Enclosures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is intended for use by material suppliers, aircraft transparent enclosure fabricators, airframe manufacturers, government agencies, and others that may become involved in the testing of transparent interlayer materials. These test methods provide data on both individual interlayer materials and material combinations commonly used in the fabrication of aerospace transparent enclosures and provide a means of evaluating the performance of one interlayer material against another.
Primary characteristics and their long-term stability are critical to the performance of an interlayer material. Basic tests define the as-manufactured material characteristics of the interlayer material. Ageing procedures provide for representative exposure to environments that may induce changes in material characteristics. Tests performed before and after ageing exposure provide a means of estimating the potential useable life-span of an interlayer material or to compare the durability of one interlayer material with another.
When employing these test methods for the comparison of interlayer materials after exposure to selected environmental conditions, the user shall be aware that many factors influencing degradation due to weathering vary from one location and exposure period to another location and exposure period. For direct weathering comparisons, the interlayer materials to be compared shall be subjected to the exposure and have the tests performed at the same time. It is emphasized that the test values obtained under these simultaneously applied conditions are for comparative use and their use as design characteristics shall be made with caution.
The test methods listed include those considered critical to the performance of aircraft transparent enclosures. The user is advised to use the latest revision of any test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide summarizes the standard test methods available for determining physical and mechanical characteristics of interlayer materials used in multi-ply aerospace transparent enclosures.
1.2 Interlayer materials are used to laminate glass-to-glass, glass-to-plastic, and plastic-to-plastic. Interlayer materials are basically transparent adhesives with high-quality optical properties. They can also serve as an energy absorbing medium, a fail-safe membrane to contain cockpit pressure and to prevent entry of impact debris; a strain insulator to accommodate different thermal expansion rates of members being laminated and as an adherent to prevent spalling of inner surface ply material fragments. The relative importance of an interlayer characteristic will be a function of the prime use it serves in its particular application.
1.3 This guide, as a summary of various methods in Section 2, is intended to facilitate the selection of tests that can be applied to interlayer materials.
1.4 The test methods listed are for use in determining basic design characteristics and in assuring lot-to-lot uniformity of the materials being tested except as noted in 3.3.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and heal practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F942 − 02(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Guide for
Selection of Test Methods for Interlayer Materials for
Aerospace Transparent Enclosures
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF942;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
1.1 This guide summarizes the standard test methods avail-
D149Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
ablefordeterminingphysicalandmechanicalcharacteristicsof
DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials
interlayer materials used in multi-ply aerospace transparent
at Commercial Power Frequencies
enclosures.
D412TestMethodsforVulcanizedRubberandThermoplas-
1.2 Interlayer materials are used to laminate glass-to-glass,
tic Elastomers—Tension
glass-to-plastic, and plastic-to-plastic. Interlayer materials are
D542Test Method for Index of Refraction of Transparent
basically transparent adhesives with high-quality optical prop-
Organic Plastics
erties. They can also serve as an energy absorbing medium, a
D570Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
fail-safe membrane to contain cockpit pressure and to prevent
D696TestMethodforCoefficientofLinearThermalExpan-
entry of impact debris; a strain insulator to accommodate
sion of Plastics Between −30°C and 30°C with a Vitreous
different thermal expansion rates of members being laminated
Silica Dilatometer
and as an adherent to prevent spalling of inner surface ply
D792Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
material fragments. The relative importance of an interlayer
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
characteristicwillbeafunctionoftheprimeuseitservesinits
D1003Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
particular application.
of Transparent Plastics
1.3 Thisguide,asasummaryofvariousmethodsinSection
D1004Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of
2, is intended to facilitate the selection of tests that can be
Plastic Film and Sheeting
applied to interlayer materials.
D1045Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Plasticizers
1.4 The test methods listed are for use in determining basic
Used in Plastics
design characteristics and in assuring lot-to-lot uniformity of
D1204Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of
the materials being tested except as noted in 3.3.
Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the Temperature
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the D1824Test Method forApparentViscosity of Plastisols and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Organosols at Low Shear Rates
priatesafetyandhealpracticesanddeterminetheapplicability D2240Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hard-
of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ness
D2766Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids
2. Referenced Documents
D2857Practice for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Polymers
D3167Test Method for Floating Roller Peel Resistance of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Adhesives
C177Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
D3465Test Method for Purity of Monomeric Plasticizers by
Gas Chromatography
D3835Test Method for Determination of Properties of
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF07onAerospaceand
Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.08 on Transparent
Polymeric Materials by Means of a Capillary Rheometer
Enclosures and Materials.
E1640Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition
Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originally
Temperature By Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F942–02. DOI:
10.1520/F0942-02R08.
F520Test Method for Environmental Resistance of Aero-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F942–93 Designation: F 942 – 02 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Guide for
Selection of Test Methods for Interlayer Materials for
Aerospace Transparent Enclosures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F942; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide summarizes the standard test methods available for determining physical and mechanical characteristics of
interlayer materials used in multi-ply aerospace transparent enclosures.
1.2 Interlayer materials are used to laminate glass-to-glass, glass-to-plastic, and plastic-to-plastic. Interlayer materials are
basicallytransparentadhesiveswithhigh-qualityopticalproperties.Theycanalsoserveasanenergyabsorbingmedium,afail-safe
membrane to contain cockpit pressure and to prevent entry of impact debris; a strain insulator to accommodate different thermal
expansion rates of members being laminated and as an adherent to prevent spalling of inner surface ply material fragments. The
relative importance of an interlayer characteristic will be a function of the prime use it serves in its particular application.
1.3 This guide, as a summary of various methods in Section 2, is intended to facilitate the selection of tests that can be applied
to interlayer materials.
1.4 The test methods listed are for use in determining basic design characteristics and in assuring lot-to-lot uniformity of the
materials being tested except as noted in 3.3.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and heal practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C177Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Guarded
Hot-Plate Apparatus
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the
Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at
Commercial Power Frequencies
D412Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Rubbers and Thermoplastic Elastomers-Tension 412 Test
Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTension
D542 Test MethodsMethod for Index of Refraction of Transparent Organic Plastics
D569Test Method for Measuring the Flow Properties of Thermoplastic Molding Materials 570 Test Method for Water
Absorption of Plastics
D570Test Method for WaterAbsorption of Plastics 696 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics
Between 30C and 30C with a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer
D696Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between−30°C and 30°C 792 Test Methods for
Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D792Test Methods for Specific Gravity (Relative Density) and Density of Plastics by Displacement 1003 Test Method for
Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
D1003Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics 1004 Test Method for Tear Resistance
(Graves Tear) of Plastic Film and Sheeting
D1004Test Method for Initial Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Sheeting 1045 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing
Plasticizers Used in Plastics
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-7F07 on Aerospace and Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.08 on Transparent
Enclosures and Materials.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 1993.April 1, 2008. Published March 1993.June 2002. Originally published as F942–85. Last previous edition F942–85.F942–93.
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 04.06.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 942 – 02 (2008)
D1045Methods of Sampling and Testing Plasticizers Used in Plastics 1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of
Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature
D1204Test Method for Linear Dimensional
...
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