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ASTM E1571-01

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Electromagnetic Examination of Ferromagnetic Steel Wire Rope

Standard Practice for Electromagnetic Examination of Ferromagnetic Steel Wire Rope

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the application and standardization of instruments that use the electromagnetic, the magnetic flux, and the magnetic flux leakage examination method to detect flaws and changes in metallic cross-sectional areas in ferromagnetic wire rope products.
1.1.1 This practice includes rope diameters up to 2.5 in. (63.5 mm). Larger diameters may be included, subject to agreement by the users of this practice.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Feb-2001
ICS
77.040.20 - Non-destructive testing of metals
Technical Committee
E07 - Nondestructive Testing
Drafting Committee
E07.07 - Electromagnetic Method
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1571-96 - Standard Practice for Electromagnetic Examination of Ferromagnetic Steel Wire Rope
Effective Date
10-Feb-2001
Replaced By
ASTM E1571-06 - Standard Practice for Electromagnetic Examination of Ferromagnetic Steel Wire Rope
Effective Date
01-Dec-2006
Referred By
ASTM E543-21 - Standard Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
Effective Date
10-Feb-2001

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ASTM E1571-01 - Standard Practice for Electromagnetic Examination of Ferromagnetic Steel Wire RopeASTM E1571-01 - Standard Practice for Electromagnetic Examination of Ferromagnetic Steel Wire Rope
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ASTM E1571-01 - Standard Practice for Electromagnetic Examination of Ferromagnetic Steel Wire Rope
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1571–01
Standard Practice for
Electromagnetic Examination of Ferromagnetic Steel Wire
1
Rope
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1571; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope location along the wire rope and is measured by comparing a
point with a reference point on the rope that represents
1.1 This practice covers the application and standardization
maximum metallic cross-sectional area, as measured with an
of instruments that use the electromagnetic, the magnetic flux,
instrument.
and the magnetic flux leakage examination method to detect
3.2.4 single-function instrument—a wire rope NDT instru-
flaws and changes in metallic cross-sectional areas in ferro-
ment designed to detect and display either changes in metallic
magnetic wire rope products.
cross-sectional area or local flaws, but not both, on a strip chart
1.1.1 This practice includes rope diameters up to 2.5 in.
recorder or another appropriate device.
(63.5 mm). Larger diameters may be included, subject to
agreement by the users of this practice.
4. Summary of Practice
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 The principle of operation of a wire rope nondestructive
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
examination instrument is as follows:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1.1 AC Electromagnetic Instrument—An electromagnetic
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
wire rope examination instrument works on the transformer
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
principle with primary and secondary coils wound around the
2. Referenced Documents rope (Fig. 1). The rope acts as the transformer core. The
primary (exciter) coil is energized with a low frequency
2.1 ASTM Standards:
alternating current (ac), typically in the 10 to 30 Hz range. The
E 543 Practice for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
2
secondary (search) coil measures the magnetic characteristics
Testing
2
of the rope. Any significant change in the magnetic character-
E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
istics in the core (wire rope) will be reflected as voltage
3. Terminology changes (amplitude and phase) in the secondary coil. Electro-
magnetic instruments operate at relatively low magnetic field
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology E 1316 for general ter-
strengths; therefore, it is necessary to completely demagnetize
minology applicable to this practice.
the rope before the start of an examination. This type of
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
instrument is designed to detect changes in metallic cross-
3.2.1 dual-function instrument—a wire rope NDT instru-
sectional area.
ment designed to detect and display changes of metallic
4.1.2 Direct Current and Permanent Magnet (Magnetic
cross-sectional area on one channel and local flaws on another
Flux) Instruments—Direct current (dc) and permanent magnet
channel of a dual-channel strip chart recorder or another
instruments (Figs. 2 and 3) supply a constant flux that
appropriate device.
magnetizesalengthofropeasitpassesthroughthesensorhead
3.2.2 local flaw (LF)—a discontinuity in a rope, such as a
(magnetizing circuit). The total axial magnetic flux in the rope
broken or damaged wire, a corrosion pit on a wire, a groove
can be measured either by Hall effect sensors, an encircling
worn into a wire, or any other physical condition that degrades
(sense) coil, or by any other appropriate device that can
the integrity of the rope in a localized manner.
measure absolute magnetic fields or variations in a steady
3.2.3 loss of metallic cross-sectional area (LMA)—a rela-
magnetic field. The signal from the sensors is electronically
tive measure of the amount of material (mass) missing from a
processed, and the output voltage is proportional to the volume
of steel or the change in metallic cross-sectional area, within
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E7 on Nondestruc-
the region of influence of the magnetizing circuit. This type of
tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on Electro-
instrument measures changes in metallic cross-sectional area.
magnetic Method.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2001. Published April 2001. Originally
published as E 1571 – 93. Last previous edition E 1571 – 96.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1571–01
a Hall effect
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4.1 General—Ultrasonic testing is a widely used nondestructive method for the examination of a material. The majority of ultrasonic examinations are performed using transducers that directly convert electrical energy into acoustic energy through the use of piezoelectric crystals. This guide describes an alternate technique in which electromagnetic energy is used to produce acoustic energy inside an electrically conductive or ferromagnetic material. EMATs have unique characteristics when compared to conventional piezoelectric ultrasonic search units, making them a significant tool for some ultrasonic examination applications.  
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4.1 The examination is performed by passing the tube lengthwise through or near an eddy current sensor energized with alternating current of one or more frequencies. The electrical impedance of the eddy current sensor is modified by the proximity of the tube. The extent of this modification is determined by the distance between the eddy current sensor and the tube, the dimensions, and electrical conductivity of the tube. The presence of metallurgical or mechanical discontinuities in the tube will alter the apparent impedance of the eddy current sensor. During passage of the tube, the changes in eddy current sensor characteristics caused by localized differences in the tube produce electrical signals which are amplified and modified to actuate either an audio or visual signaling device or a mechanical marker to indicate the position of discontinuities in the tube length. Signals can be produced by discontinuities located either on the external or internal surface of the tube or by discontinuities totally contained within the tube wall.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Description of Process—Magnetic particle testing consists of magnetizing the area to be examined, applying suitably prepared magnetic particles while the area is magnetized, and subsequently interpreting and evaluating any resulting particle accumulations. Maximum detectability occurs when the discontinuity is positioned on the surface and perpendicular to the direction of magnetic flux in the part.  
4.2 This practice establishes the basic parameters for controlling the application of the magnetic particle testing method. This practice is written so that it can be specified on the engineering drawing, specification, or contract. It is not a detailed how-to procedure to be used by the examination personnel and, therefore, must be supplemented by a detailed written procedure that conforms to the requirements of this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes minimum requirements for magnetic particle testing used for the detection of surface or slightly subsurface discontinuities in ferromagnetic material. This practice is intended for industrial applications. Refer to Practice E1444/E1444M for aerospace applications. Guide E709 may be used in conjunction with this practice as a tutorial.  
1.2 The magnetic particle testing method is used to detect cracks, laps, seams, inclusions, and other discontinuities on or near the surface of ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic particle testing may be applied to raw material, billets, finished and semi-finished materials, welds, and in-service parts. Magnetic particle testing is not applicable to non-ferromagnetic metals and alloys such as austenitic stainless steels. See Appendix X1 for additional information.  
1.3 All areas of this practice may be open to agreement between the Level III or the cognizant engineering organization, as applicable, and the supplier.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4.1 This standard is a combined standard, an ASTM standard in which rationalized SI units and inch-pound units are included in the same standard, with each system of units to be regarded separately as standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    20 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off