ASTM D2950/D2950M-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density of Bituminous Concrete in Place by Nuclear Methods
Standard Test Method for Density of Bituminous Concrete in Place by Nuclear Methods
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test method described is useful as a rapid, nondestructive technique for determining the in-place density of compacted bituminous mixtures.
With proper calibration and confirmation testing, the test method is suitable for quality control and acceptance testing of compacted bituminous concrete.
The test method can be used to establish the proper rolling effort and pattern to achieve the required density.
The non-destructive nature of the test allows repetitive measurements to be made at a single test location between roller passes and to monitor changes in density.
The density results obtained by this test method are relative. Correlation with other test methods such as D1188 or D2726 are required to convert the results obtained using this method to actual density. It is recommended that at least seven core densities and seven nuclear densities be used to establish a conversion factor. A new factor must be established at any time a change is made in the paving mixture or in the construction process.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a test procedure for determining the density of bituminous concrete by the attenuation of gamma radiation, where the source and detector(s) remain on the surface (Backscatter Method) or the source or detector is placed at a known depth up to 300 mm [12 in.] while the detector or source remains on the surface (Direct Transmission Method).
1.2 The density, in mass per unit volume of the material under test, is determined by comparing the detected rate of gamma emissions with previously established calibration data.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements see Section 6 and Note 4.
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Designation:D2950/D2950M–10
Standard Test Method for
Density of Bituminous Concrete in Place by Nuclear
1
Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2950/D2950M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
3
1. Scope Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus
D2041 Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific
1.1 This test method describes a test procedure for deter-
Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures
miningthedensityofbituminousconcretebytheattenuationof
D2726 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density
gamma radiation, where the source and detector(s) remain on
of Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous Mixtures
the surface (Backscatter Method) or the source or detector is
D3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Ma-
placed at a known depth up to 300 mm [12 in.] while the
terials
detector or source remains on the surface (Direct Transmission
Method).
3. Significance and Use
1.2 The density, in mass per unit volume of the material
3.1 The test method described is useful as a rapid, nonde-
under test, is determined by comparing the detected rate of
structive technique for determining the in-place density of
gamma emissions with previously established calibration data.
compacted bituminous mixtures.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.2 Withpropercalibrationandconfirmationtesting,thetest
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
method is suitable for quality control and acceptance testing of
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
compacted bituminous concrete.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.3 The test method can be used to establish the proper
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
rolling effort and pattern to achieve the required density.
with the standard.
3.4 The non-destructive nature of the test allows repetitive
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
measurements to be made at a single test location between
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
roller passes and to monitor changes in density.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.5 The density results obtained by this test method are
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
relative. Correlation with other test methods such as D1188 or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
D2726 are required to convert the results obtained using this
warning statements see Section 6 and Note 4.
method to actual density. It is recommended that at least seven
2. Referenced Documents core densities and seven nuclear densities be used to establish
2 a conversion factor. A new factor must be established at any
2.1 ASTM Standards:
time a change is made in the paving mixture or in the
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
construction process.
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
D1188 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density
4. Interferences
of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Coated
4.1 The chemical composition of the material being tested
Samples
may significantly affect the measurement and adjustments may
D1559 Test Method for Resistance of Plastic Flow of
be necessary. Certain elements with atomic numbers greater
than 20 may cause erroneously high test values.
4.2 The test method exhibits spatial bias in that the instru-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
ment is most sensitive to the density of the material in closest
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 on
Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Mixtures.
proximity to the nuclear source.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originally
4.2.1 When measuring the density of an overlay, it may be
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D2950 – 09. DOI:
necessary to employ a correction factor if the underlying
10.1520/D2950_D2950M-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
the ASTM website. on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2950–09 Designation:D2950/D2950M–10
Standard Test Method for
Density of Bituminous Concrete in Place by Nuclear
1
Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2950/D2950M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes a test procedure for determining the density of bituminous concrete by the attenuation of gamma
radiation, where the source and detector(s) remain on the surface (Backscatter Method) or the source or detector is placed at a
known depth up to 300 mm (12 in.)[12 in.] while the detector or source remains on the surface (Direct Transmission Method).
1.2 The density, in mass per unit volume of the material under test, is determined by comparing the detected rate of gamma
emissions with previously established calibration data.
1.3
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements see Section 6 and Note 4.
1.4The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound equivalents may be approximate.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
D1188 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Coated Samples
3
D1559 Test Method for Resistance of Plastic Flow of Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus
D2041 Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures
D2726 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous Mixtures
D3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Materials
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The test method described is useful as a rapid, nondestructive technique for determining the in-place density of compacted
bituminous mixtures.
3.2 With proper calibration and confirmation testing, the test method is suitable for quality control and acceptance testing of
compacted bituminous concrete.
3.3 The test method can be used to establish the proper rolling effort and pattern to achieve the required density.
3.4 The non-destructive nature of the test allows repetitive measurements to be made at a single test location between roller
passes and to monitor changes in density.
3.5 The density results obtained by this test method are relative. Correlation with other test methods such as D1188 or D2726
are required to convert the results obtained using this method to actual density. It is recommended that at least seven core densities
and seven nuclear densities be used to establish a conversion factor.Anew factor must be established at any time a change is made
in the paving mixture or in the construction process.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 on Specific
Gravity and Density of Bituminous Mixtures.
Current edition approved JuneDec. 1, 2009.2010. Published July 2009.December 2010. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 20052009 as
D2950 – 059. DOI: 10.1520/D2950_D2950M-109.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D2950/D2950M–10
4. Interf
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