ASTM D3531/D3531M-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Resin Flow of Carbon Fiber-Epoxy Prepreg
Standard Test Method for Resin Flow of Carbon Fiber-Epoxy Prepreg
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to obtain the resin flow of carbon fiber-epoxy prepreg tape or sheet material. It is suitable for comparing lots of material of supposedly the same characteristics and also for comparative evaluation of materials produced by different vendors using different resin-fiber combinations.
5.2 Composite parts are laminated from prepreg material at various pressures and temperatures. Production process design will require a flow test be run at a temperature and a pressure close to that of the actual molding conditions. All methods of measuring resin flow are dependent on the size and geometry of the specimen. This test method uses the smallest quantity of tape that will give reproducible results.
5.2.1 The percent resin flow of a single fiber and resin system at a temperature and pressure varies with the volatile content, degree of advancement of epoxy resin, and with the resin content of the prepreg tape or sheet.
5.2.2 As volatile content and degree of resin cure (advancement) change with time, this test method is useful in comparing the life of prepreg tape and sheet.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of resin flow that will take place from prepreg tape or sheet under given conditions of temperature and pressure.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Within the text, inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3531/D3531M − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Resin Flow of Carbon Fiber-Epoxy Prepreg
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3531/D3531M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.2.2 W —weight of the prepreg specimen prior to flow test
1
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheamount
3.2.3 W —weightofthespecimenassemblypriortoheating
2
of resin flow that will take place from prepreg tape or sheet
3.2.4 W —weight of the specimen assembly after heating
3
under given conditions of temperature and pressure.
3.2.5 W —weight of the prepreg specimen after flow test
4
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
4. Summary of Test Method
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
4.1 Aweighed specimen consisting of two plies a minimum
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance size of 50-mm [2.0-in.] square, oriented in a 0°/ 90° crossply
with the standard.
configuration, and sandwiched between bleeder material and
1.2.1 Within the text, inch-pound units are shown in brack- release film.The sandwich is placed in a platen press heated to
ets.
either temperatureA, 120°C [250°F], or temperature B, 175°C
[350°F]oranotherspecifiedtemperature.Thepressisclosedto
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
provide a pressure of 700 kPa [100 psi]. The pressure is held
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
for 15 min or until the resin gels. The cooled sandwich
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
assembly is removed and the resin that has flowed to the edges
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of the specimen is removed and the specimen reweighed. The
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
change in weight is expressed as a percent of the original
weight and reported as percent flow.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3878Terminology for Composite Materials 5.1 This test method is used to obtain the resin flow of
carbon fiber-epoxy prepreg tape or sheet material. It is suitable
3. Terminology
for comparing lots of material of supposedly the same charac-
teristics and also for comparative evaluation of materials
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating
produced by different vendors using different resin-fiber com-
to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology
binations.
D883 defines terms relating to plastics. In the event of a
conflict between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have prece-
5.2 Composite parts are laminated from prepreg material at
dence over other standards.
various pressures and temperatures. Production process design
will require a flow test be run at a temperature and a pressure
3.2 Symbols:
close to that of the actual molding conditions. All methods of
3.2.1 RF—resin flow
measuring resin flow are dependent on the size and geometry
of the specimen.This test method uses the smallest quantity of
1 tape that will give reproducible results.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.03 on
5.2.1 The percent resin flow of a single fiber and resin
Constituent/Precursor Properties.
system at a temperature and pressure varies with the volatile
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originally
content, degree of advancement of epoxy resin, and with the
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D3531–11. DOI:
10.1520/D3531_D3531M-16. resin content of the prepreg tape or sheet.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2.2 As volatile content and degree of resin cure (advance-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ment)changewithtime,thistestmethodisusefulincomparing
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. the life of prepreg tape and sheet.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D3531/D3
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3531/D3531M − 11 D3531/D3531M − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Resin Flow of Carbon Fiber-Epoxy Prepreg
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3531/D3531M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of resin flow that will take place from prepreg tape or sheet under
given conditions of temperature and pressure.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Within the text, inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology D883
defines terms relating to plastics. In the event of a conflict between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have precedence over other
standards.
3.2 Symbols:
3.2.1 RF—resin flow
3.2.2 W —weight of the prepreg specimen prior to flow test
1
3.2.3 W —weight of the specimen assembly prior to heating
2
3.2.4 W —weight of the specimen assembly after heating
3
3.2.5 W —weight of the prepreg specimen after flow test
4
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A weighed specimen consisting of two plies a minimum size of 50-mm [2.0-in.] square, oriented in a 0°/ 90° crossply
configuration, and sandwiched between bleeder material and release film. The sandwich is placed in a platen press heated to either
temperature A, 120°C [250°F], or temperature B, 175°C [350°F] or another specified temperature. The press is closed to provide
a pressure of 700 kPa [100 psi]. The pressure is held for 15 min or until the resin gels. The cooled sandwich assembly is removed
and the resin that has flowed to the edges of the specimen is removed and the specimen reweighed. The change in weight is
expressed as a percent of the original weight and reported as percent flow.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.03 on
Constituent/Precursor Properties.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011Nov. 1, 2016. Published November 2011November 2016. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20092011
as D3531 – 99D3531 – 11.(2009). DOI: 10.1520/D3531_D3531M-11.10.1520/D3531_D3531M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3531/D3531M − 16
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is used to obtain the resin flow of carbon fiber-epoxy prepreg tape or sheet material. It is suitable for
comparing lots of material of supposedly the same characteristics and also for comparative evaluation of materials produced by
different vendors using different resin-fiber combinations.
5.2 Composite parts are laminated from prepreg material at various pressures and temperatures. Production process design will
require a flow test be run at a temperature and a pressure close to that of the actual molding conditions. All methods of measuring
resin flow are dependent on the size and geometry of the specimen. This test method uses the smallest quantity of tape that will
give reproducible results.
5.2.1 The percent resin flow of a single fiber and resin system at a temperature and pressure varies with the volatile content,
degree
...
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