ASTM E537-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability of Chemicals by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability of Chemicals by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in detecting potentially hazardous reactions including those from volatile chemicals and in estimating the temperatures at which these reactions occur and their enthalpies (heats). This test method is recommended as an early test for detecting the thermal hazards of an uncharacterized chemical substance or mixture (see Section 8).
5.2 The magnitude of the change of enthalpy may not necessarily denote the relative hazard in a particular application. For example, certain exothermic reactions are often accompanied by gas evolution that increases the potential hazard. Alternatively, the extent of energy release for certain exothermic reactions may differ widely with the extent of confinement of volatile products. Thus, the presence of an exotherm and its approximate temperature are the most significant criteria in this test method (see Section 3 and Fig. 1).
5.3 When volatile substances are being studied, it is important to perform this test with a confining pressurized atmosphere so that changes of enthalpy that can occur above normal boiling or sublimation points may be detected. As an example, an absolute pressure of 1.14 MPa (150 psig) will generally elevate the boiling point of a volatile organic substance 100 °C. Under these conditions exothermic decomposition is often observed.
5.4 For some substances the rate of enthalpy change during an exothermic reaction may be small at normal atmospheric pressure, making an assessment of the temperature of instability difficult. Generally, a repeated analysis at an elevated pressure will improve the assessment by increasing the rate of change of enthalpy.
Note 1: The choice of pressure may sometimes be estimated by the pressure of the application to which the material is exposed.
5.5 The four significant criteria of this test method are: the detection of a change of enthalpy; the approximate temperature at which the event occurs; the estimation of its enthalpy and the observance ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the ascertainment of the presence of enthalpic changes in a test specimen, using minimum quantities of material, approximates the temperature at which these enthalpic changes occur and determines their enthalpies (heats) using differential scanning calorimetry or pressure differential scanning calorimetry.
1.2 This test method may be performed on solids, liquids, or slurries.
1.3 This test method may be performed in an inert or a reactive atmosphere with an absolute pressure range from 100 Pa through 7 MPa and over a temperature range from 300 K to 800 K (27 °C to 527 °C).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4.1 Exceptions—Inch-pound units are provided as a courtesy to the user in 5.3, 7.2.2.1, 7.2.2.2, and 11.4.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 8.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E537 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Thermal Stability of Chemicals by Differential Scanning
1
Calorimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E537; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
Committee E27 is currently engaged in developing methods to determine the hazard potential of
chemicals.An estimate of this potential may usually be obtained by the use of program CHETAH 7.0
2
to compute the maximum energy of reaction of the chemical or mixture of chemicals.
The expression “hazard potential” as used by this committee is defined as the degree of
susceptibility of material to ignition or release of energy under varying environmental conditions.
The primary purpose of this test method is to detect enthalpic changes and to approximate the
temperatureofinitiationandenthalpies(heats)oftheseevents.Differentialscanningcalorimetryoffers
the advantage of using very small specimens on the order of a few milligrams.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This test method describes the ascertainment of the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
presence of enthalpic changes in a test specimen, using
Specific safety precautions are given in Section 8.
minimum quantities of material, approximates the temperature
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
at which these enthalpic changes occur and determines their
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
enthalpies (heats) using differential scanning calorimetry or
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
pressure differential scanning calorimetry.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 Thistestmethodmaybeperformedonsolids,liquids,or
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
slurries.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3 This test method may be performed in an inert or a
2. Referenced Documents
reactive atmosphere with an absolute pressure range from 100
3
Pa through 7 MPa and over a temperature range from 300 K to 2.1 ASTM Standards:
800 K (27 °C to 527 °C). E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
ology
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
standard.
E967 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differen-
1.4.1 Exceptions—Inch-pound units are provided as a cour-
tial Scanning Calorimeters and Differential Thermal Ana-
tesy to the user in 5.3, 7.2.2.1, 7.2.2.2, and 11.4.
lyzers
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E968 Practice for Heat Flow Calibration of Differential
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Scanning Calorimeters
E1445 Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of Chemi-
cals
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E27 on Hazard
E1860 Test Method for Elapsed Time Calibration of Ther-
Potential of Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E27.02 on
Thermal Stability and Condensed Phases.
mal Analyzers
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2020. Published February 2020. Originally
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E537 – 12. DOI:
3
10.1520/E0537-20. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
A complete assessment of the hazard potential of chemicals must take into contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
account a number of realistic factors not considered in this test method or the Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
CHETAH program. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E537 − 20
3. Terminology 4.5 The onset temperature (T ), extrapolated onset tempera-
o
ture (T ), and the integrated peak area (enthalpy) are deter-
s
3.1 Defintions:
mined and reported.
3.1.1 Specific technical terms used in this standard are
defined in Terminologies E473 and E1445, including
5. Significance and Use
calorimeter, differentia
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E537 − 12 E537 − 20
Standard Test Method for
The Thermal Stability of Chemicals by Differential Scanning
1
Calorimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E537; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
Committee E27 is currently engaged in developing methods to determine the hazard potential of
chemicals. An estimate of this potential may usually be obtained by the use of program CHETAH 7.0
2
to compute the maximum energy of reaction of the chemical or mixture of chemicals.
The expression “hazard potential” as used by this committee is defined as the degree of
susceptibility of material to ignition or release of energy under varying environmental conditions.
The primary purpose of this test method is to detect enthalpic changes and to approximate the
temperature of initiation and enthalpies (heats) of these events. Differential scanning calorimetry offers
the advantage of using very small specimens on the order of a few milligrams.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes the ascertainment of the presence of enthalpic changes in a test specimen, using minimum
quantities of material, approximates the temperature at which these enthalpic changes occur and determines their enthalpies (heats)
using differential scanning calorimetry or pressure differential scanning calorimetry.
1.2 This test method may be performed on solids, liquids, or slurries.
1.3 This test method may be performed in an inert or a reactive atmosphere with an absolute pressure range from 100 Pa through
7 MPa and over a temperature range from 300 K to 800 K (27 °C to 527°C). 527 °C).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4.1 Exceptions—Inch-pound units are provided as a courtesy to the user in 5.3, 7.2.2.1, 7.2.2.2, and 11.4.
1.5 There is no ISO standard equivalent to this test method.
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 8.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E27 on Hazard Potential of Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E27.02 on Thermal
Stability and Condensed Phases.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012Feb. 1, 2020. Published December 2012February 2020. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20072012
as E537 – 07.E537 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/E0537-12.10.1520/E0537-20.
2
A complete assessment of the hazard potential of chemicals must take into account a number of realistic factors not considered in this test method or the CHETAH
program.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E537 − 20
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E967 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differential Scanning Calorimeters and Differential Thermal Analyzers
E968 Practice for Heat Flow Calibration of Differential Scanning Calorimeters
E1445 Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of Chemicals
E1860 Test Method for Elapsed
...
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