ASTM D2594-99a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Stretch Properties of Knitted Fabrics Having Low Power
Standard Test Method for Stretch Properties of Knitted Fabrics Having Low Power
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of fabric stretch and fabric growth of knitted fabrics intended for applications requiring low-power stretch properties.
1.2 This test method includes procedures for fabric growth and stretch and can be used individually when required by individual specifications.
1.3 This test method is not applicable to fabrics intended for support or other applications requiring high-power stretch properties.
Note 1-For information on testing high-power stretch fabrics, refer to Test Method D 1775.
1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D2594–99a
Standard Test Method for
Stretch Properties of Knitted Fabrics Having Low Power
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2594; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 4848 Terminology of Force, Deformation, and Related
Properties of Textiles
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of fabric
stretch and fabric growth of knitted fabrics intended for
3. Terminology
applications requiring low-power stretch properties.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 This test method includes procedures for fabric growth
3.1.1 bench marks, n—marks placed on a specimen to
and stretch and can be used individually when required by
define gage length, that is, the portion of the specimen that will
individual specifications.
be evaluated in a specific test.
1.3 This test method is not applicable to fabrics intended for
3.1.2 fabric stretch, n—the increase in length of a specimen
support or other applications requiring high-power stretch
of fabric resulting from a tension force applied under specified
properties.
conditions.
NOTE 1—For information on testing high-power stretch fabrics, refer to
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The difference usually is expressed as
Test Method D 1775.
a percentage of the initial length of the fabric specimen. Fabric
1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to
stretch differs from fabric elongation in that the latter (up to the
be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the
pointofrupture)reflectstheinstantaneouslyexistingamountof
inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated
stretch under a constantly increasing tension force.
in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1.3 fabric growth, n—the difference between the original
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
length of a specimen and its length after the application of a
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
specified tension for a prescribed time and the subsequent
with the specification.
removal of the tension.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Fabric growth usually is expressed as a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
percentage of the length of the specimen prior to application of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the tension (see also permanent deformation).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.4 low-power stretch, n—that property of a fabric
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
whereby it exhibits high fabric stretch and good recovery from
low tension.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.5 tension , n—a uniaxial force tending to cause the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
extension of a body or the balancing force within that body
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
resisting the extension
D 1775 Test Method for Tension and Elongation of Wide
3.1.6 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
Elastic Fabrics
method, refer to Terminologies D 123 and D 4848.
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
4. Summary of Test Method
D 2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
Method That Produces Normally Distributed Data
4.1 Fabric Growth—Bench marks of a known distance are
D 2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
made on a fabric specimen. A specified tension is applied to a
Textiles
fabric specimen by a prescribed cycling technique.The tension
is removed and after several specific recovery times under zero
tension, the distance between the bench marks is remeasured
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD-13onTextiles
after each time interval. The fabric growth is calculated from
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,
General.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1999. Published January 2000. Originally
published as D 2594 – 69 T. Discontinued November 1997 and reinstated as
D 2594 – 99. Last previous edition D 2594 – 99
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
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D2594
the length difference between the bench marks prior to appli- 6. Apparatus
cation of the tension and after each respective recovery time
6.1 Frame , suitable for supporting the hanger assembly
interval.
illustrated in Fig. 1 and tension forces applied during testing.
4.2 Fabric Stretch—Bench marks of a known distance are
6.2 Hanger Assembly , consisting of hangers, hanger rods,
made on a fabric specimen. A specified tension is applied to a
and chain.
fabric specimen by a prescribed cycling technique and the
6.3 Lightweight Rule , fitted with a pin hook at the zero
resulting distance between the bench marks measured. The
point of the scale for attachment to the specimen, graduated
fabric stretch is calculated from the length difference between
either in units of percent of original gage length of 125 mm (5
the bench marks prior to application of the tension and under 1
in.) or in units of 1 mm ( ⁄16 in.).
while under the tension.
6.4 Tensiometer or Weights , that can be attached to the
bottom hanger of the hanger assembly, capable of providing
5. Significance and Use
total tensions of 2.27 kgf (5 lbf) and 4.54 kgf (10 lbf) to the
5.1 This test method specifies test conditions for measuring
specimen, 61%.
the fabric growth and fabric stretch of knitted fabrics intended
6.5 Turnbuckle , or equivalent, having a length of 25 to 75
for use in swimwear, anchored slacks, and other form-fitting
mm (1 to 3 in.).
apparel (also commonly known as semi-support apparel) 6.6 Sanforized Marker, to establish bench marks on the
applications, as well as test conditions for measuring the fabric
specimen.
growth of knitted fabrics intended for use in sportswear and
6.7 Timer, with increments of at least 1 min.
other loose-fitting apparel (also commonly known as comfort
7. Sampling and Test Specs
stretch apparel) applications. The applicability of this test
method to the measurement of fabric growth and fabric stretch
7.1 Primary Sampling Unit—Consider rolls of fabric or
of knitted fabrics intended for use in slacks, sport coats, and
fabric components of fabricated systems to be the primary
suits has not been determined.
sampling unit, as applicable.
5.2 This test method is not recommended for acceptance
7.2 Laboratory Sampling Unit—As a laboratory sampling
testing of commercial shipment because the between-
unit take from rolls at least one full-width piece of fabric that
laboratory precision is known to be poor.
is2m(2yd)in length along the selvage (machine direction),
5.2.1 If there are differences or practical significance be-
after removing a first 1 mm (1 yd) length. For fabric compo-
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
nents of fabricated systems use the entire system.
comparative tests should be performed to determine if their is
7.3 Test Specimens—From each laboratory sampling unit,
a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
cut 5 wale-wise (lengthwise) and 5 course-wise (widthwise)
assistance.As a minimum, the test samples should be used that
test specimens 125 63mm(5 6 0.1 in.) by 500 6 10 mm
are as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the
(15.5 6 0.3 in.). Cut the long dimension of the wale-wise
material from which the disparate test results are obtained, and
specimens parallel to the wale direction and the course-wise
that are assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory
specimens parallel to the course direction. Take specimens
for testing. Other materials with established test values may be
representing a broad distribution from different positions
used for this purpose.The test results from the two laboratories
diagonally across the width of the laboratory sampling unit.
should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at
Consider the long direction as the direction of test. Label to
a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is
maintain specimen identity.
found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future
test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known
bias. This equipment is available commercially.
FIG. 1 Hanger Assembly
D2594
7.3.1 For fabric widths 125 mm (5 in.) or more, take no 10.3.6 Lock the chain in the corresponding notch in the
specimen closer than 25 mm (1 in.) from the edges of the lower crossmember of the frame. Adjust the turnbuckle to
laboratory sampling unit. make minor adjustments of the position of the lower bench
7.3.2 For fabric widths less than 125 mm (5 in.), use the mark.
entire width of the laboratory sampling unit for specimens.
10.3.7 Allow the loop to remain in the extended position for
7.3.3 Ensure specimens are free of folds, creases, or
2h 6 5 min.
wrinkles. Avoid getting oil, water, grease, etc., on the speci-
10.3.8 After 2 h 6 5 min, unlock and release the chain and
mens when handling.
remove the lower hanger from the specimen loop.
7.3.4 If the fabric has a pattern, ensure that the specimens
10.3.9 Measure the position of the lower bench mark
are a representative sampling of the pattern.
relative to the scale on the rule to the nearest 1 % of original
7.3.5 After cutting, fold each specimen in half lengthwise 1
gage length or 1 mm ( ⁄16 in.) after recovery under no tension
forming a loop and sew the edges opposite the fold together 6
as follows:
to 13 mm (0.25 to 0.50 in.) from the cut edges and parallel to
10.3.9.1 After 60 6 5 s and record as measurement (B), and
the short direction of the specimen.
10.3.9.2 After 1 h 6 5 min record as measurement (C).
7.3.6 Lay the specimen on a flat surface and place bench
10.3.10 Remove the tes
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