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ASTM D5010-00a

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Testing Printing Inks and Related Materials

Standard Guide for Testing Printing Inks and Related Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers a list of test methods, practices, and specifications that can be used for the testing and evaluation of printing inks, printed ink films, and substrates used in their production (see Table 1).
1.2 This guide includes methods that were developed to test paints, paint films, and substrates, but may be adapted for use in testing printing inks and printed matter. Tests on raw materials and analytical methods in general have not been included.
Note 1—For the purpose of this guide, clear coatings such as overprint varnishes are classed as printing inks.
1.3 Other ASTM standards not specified here may also be applicable.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Dec-2001
ICS
87.080 - Inks. Printing inks
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.56 - Printing Inks
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D5010-01 - Standard Guide for Testing Printing Inks and Related Materials
Effective Date
10-Dec-2001
Referred By
ASTM D7188-05(2019) - Standard Terminology for Printing Inks, Materials, and Processes
Effective Date
10-Dec-2001

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ASTM D5010-00a - Standard Guide for Testing Printing Inks and Related MaterialsASTM D5010-00a - Standard Guide for Testing Printing Inks and Related Materials
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ASTM D5010-00a - Standard Guide for Testing Printing Inks and Related Materials
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5010 – 00a
Standard Guide for
Testing Printing Inks and Related Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5010; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ited in the production of printed matter. Printing substrates
include paper, paperboard, plastic film, glass, and metallic
1.1 This guide covers a list of test methods, practices, and
surfaces. In this guide, standards relating to substrates are
specifications that can be used for the testing and evaluation of
largely restricted to properties associated with appearance and
printing inks, printed ink films, and substrates used in their
printability.
production (see Table 1).
1.2 This guide includes methods that were developed to test
3. Test Categories
paints, paint films, and substrates, but may be adapted for use
3.1 For convenience in selection, the test methods, prac-
in testing printing inks and printed matter. Tests on raw
tices, and specifications, listed in this guide are classified into
materials and analytical methods in general have not been
three groups by type of printing process and in subgroups
included.
indicating whether the test is conducted on a bulk ink, a printed
NOTE 1—For the purpose of this guide, clear coatings such as overprint
ink film, or a substrate (see Table 2). The group is given in the
varnishes are classed as printing inks.
left column preceding the test method reference. The classifi-
1.3 Other ASTM standards not specified here may also be
cation are a follows:
applicable.
3.1.1 Group 1—Applicable in General:
Class A—Bulk inks.
2. Terminology
Class B—Printed ink films.
2.1 Definitions:
Class C—Substrates.
2.1.1 printing ink—a colored or pigmented liquid or paste
3.1.2 Group 2—Applicable to Low Viscosity or Liquid Inks
composition that dries to a solid film after application as a thin
Associated With Flexography or Gravure:
layer by printing machinery.
Class A—Bulk inks.
2.1.1.1 Discussion—Printing inks may contain vehicles,
Class B—Printed ink films.
colorants, waxes, solvents, and other additives. Bulk inks are
Class C—Substrates.
tested for dispersion, tinting strength, density, heat and storage
3.1.3 Group 3—Applicable to High Viscosity or Paste Inks
stability, rheology, and printing properties.
Associated With Letterpress, Lithography, or Silk Screen:
2.1.2 printed ink film—thin layer of a printing ink deposited
Class A—Bulk inks.
onto a substrate by means of a laboratory or production
Class B—Printed ink films.
printing press, occasionally by a drawdown or roll-out tech-
Class C—Substrates.
nique. Printed matter is the usual medium by which inks are
4. Precision and Bias
tested for appearance properties, drying, and resistance to
various agents.
4.1 If available, precision for each test method listed can be
2.1.3 printing substrate—material onto which ink is depos-
found in the latest revision of that test method.
5. Keywords
This guide is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint and
5.1 printed matter; printing inks; printing substrates; test
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
methods and practices (tabulation of)
Subcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks.
Current edition approved June 10, 2000. Published August 2000. Originally
published as D 5010 – 91. Last previous edition D 5010 – 00.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5010
TABLE 1 Numerical Listing of Ink-Related Standards
ASTM Designation Volume Title
D 16 06.01 Terminology Relating to Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products
D 56 05.03 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester
06.04
D 93 04.09 Test Method for Flash Point by Pensky-Martin Closed Tester
05.01
06.04
D 185 06.03 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments, Pastes, and Paints
D 344 06.01 Test Method for Relative Dry Hiding Power of Paints by the Visual Evaluation of Brushouts
D 523 06.01 Test Method for Specular Gloss
D 528 15.09 Test Method for Machine Direction of Paper and Paperboard
D 562 06.01 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Using the Stormer Viscometer
D 644 15.09 Test Method for Moisture Content of Paper and Paperboard by Oven Drying
D 685 15.09 Method for Conditioning Paper and Paperboard Products for Testing
D 724 15.09 Test Method for Surface Wettability of Paper (Angle-of-Contact Method)
D 780 15.09 Test Method for Printing Ink Permeation of Paper (Castor Oil Test)
D 869 06.02 Test Method for Evaluating the Degree of Settling of Paint
D 918 15.09 Test Method for Blocking Resistance of Paper and Paperboard
D 971 05.01 Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Oil Against Water by the Ring Method
D 1200 06.01 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup
D 1210 06.01 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems
D 1259 06.01 Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of Resin Solutions
D 1308 06.01 Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals on Clear and Pigmented Organic Finishes.
D 1310 05.01 Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point of Liquids by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus
06.04
D 1316 06.02 Test Method for Fineness of Grind of Printing Inks by the NPIRI Grindometer
D 1331 15.04 Test Methods for Surface and Interfacial Tension of Solutions of Surface-Active Agents
D 1353 06.04 Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter in Volatile Solvents for Use in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products
D 1474 06.01 Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of Organic Coatings
D 1475 06.01 Test Method for Density of Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products
D 1535 06.01 Test Method for Specifying Color by the Munsell System
D 1544 06.01 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)
D 1545 06.03 Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method
D 1590 11.01 Test Methods for Surface Tension of Water and Waste Water
D 1640 06.03 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings at Room Temperature
D 1644 06.01 Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of Varnishes
D 1647 06.03 Test Methods for Resistance of Dried Films of Varnishes to Water and Alkali
D 1653 06.01 Test Methods for Water Vapor Permeability of Organic Coating Films
D 1725 06.03 Test Method for Viscosity of Resin Solutions
D 1729 06.01 Practice for Visual Evaluation of Color Differences of Opaque Materials
D 1849 06.02 Test Method for Package Stability of Paint
D 1963 06.03 Test Method for Specific Gravity of Drying Oils, Varnishes, Resins, and Related Materials at 25/25°C
D 2066 06.02 Test Methods for Relative Tinting Strength of Printing Ink Dispersions
D 2067 06.02 Test Method for Coarse Particles in Printing Ink Dispersions
D 2091 06.02 Test Method for Print Resistance of Lacquers
D 2196 06.01 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield) Viscometer
D 2243 06.02 Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-Borne Coatings
D 2244 06.01 Test Method for Calculation of Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
D 2248 06.01 Practice for Detergent Resistance of Organic Finishes
D 2337 06.02 Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Stability of Multicolor Lacquers
D 2369 06.01 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
D 2482 15.09 Method for Wax Pick Test for Surface Strength of Paper
D 2574 06.01 Test Method for Resistance of Emulsion Paints in the Container to Attack by Microorganisms
D 2578 08.02 Test Method for Wetting Tension of Polyethylene and Polypropylene Films
D 2616 06.01 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Difference with a Gray Scale
D 2620 06.02 Test Method for Light Stability of Clear Coatings
D 2794 06.01 Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)
D 2805 06.01 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflectometry
D 3134 06.01 Practice for Establishing Color and Gloss Tolerances
D 3258 06.02 Test Method for Porosity of Paint Films
D 3278 06.01 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Setaflash Closed-Cup Apparatus
D 3359 06.01 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
D 3363 06.01 Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil Test
D 3424 06.02 Test Methods for Evaluating the Relative Lightfastness and Weatherability of Printed Matter
D 3732 06.02 Practice for Reporting Cure Times of Ultraviolet-Cured Coatings
D 3792 06.01 Test Method for Water Content of Water-Reducible Paints by Direct Injection into a Gas Chromatograph
D 3825 05.03 Test Method for Dynamic Surface Tension by the Fast Bubble Technique
D 3828 05.03 Test Method for Flash Point by Setaflash Closed Tester
D 3924 06.01 Specification for Standard Environment for Conditioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquers, and Related
Materials
D 3925 06.01 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related Pigmented Coatings
D 3928 06.02 Test Method for Evaluation of Gloss or Sheen Uniformity
D 5010
TABLE 1 Continued
ASTM Designation Volume Title
D 3934 06.01 Test Method for Flash/No Flash Test—Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup Apparatus
D 3960 06.01 Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings
D 4017 06.01 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials by Karl Fischer Method
D 4040 06.02 Test Method for Viscosity of Printing Inks and Vehicles by the Falling-Rod Viscometer
D 4060 06.01 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser
D 4086 06.01 Practice for Visual Evaluation of Metamerism
D 4141 06.01 Practice for Conducting Accelerated Outdoor Exposure Tests of Coatings
D 4144 06.02 Method for Estimating Package Stability of Coatings for Ultraviolet Curing
D 4212 06.01 Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity Cups
D 4287 06.01 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using the ICI Cone/Plate Viscometer
D 4302 06.02 Specification for Artists’ Oil, Resin-Oil, and Alkyd Paints
D 4303 06.02 Test Methods for Lightfastness of Pigments Used in Artists’ Paints
D 4359 06.01 Test Method for Determining Whether a Material is a Liquid or a Solid
D 4361 06.01 Test Method for Apparent Tack of Printing Inks and Vehicles by a Three-Roller Tackmeter
D 4366 06.01 Test Methods for Hardness of Organic Coatings by Pendulum Damping Tests
D 4449 06.01 Test Method for Visual Evaluation of Gloss Differences Between Surfaces of Similar Appearance
D 4459 08.03 Practice for Operating an Accelerated Lightfastness Xenon-Arc-Type (Water Cooled) Light-Exposure Apparatus for
the Exposure of Plastics for Indoor Applications
D 4518 06.01 Test Methods for Measuring Static Friction of Coating Surfaces
D 4541 06.02 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers
D 4674 08.03 Test Method for Accelerated Testing for Color Stability of Plastics Exposed to Indoor Fluorescent Light and
Window-Filtered Daylight
D 4713 06.02 Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of Printing Inks, Resin Solutions, and Vehicles
D 4758 06.03 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Latexes
D 4942 06.02 Test Methods for Water Pickup of Lithographic Printing Inks and Vehicles in a Laboratory Mixer
D 5039 15.09 Methods for Identification of Wire Side of Paper
D 5067 06.02 Specification for Artists’ Watercolor Paints
D 5098 06.02 Specification for Artists’ Acrylic Emulsion Paints
D 5181 06.02 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Printed Matter by the GA-CAT Comprehensive Abrasion Tester
D 5383 06.02 Practice for Visual Determination of the Lightfastness of Art Materials by Art Technologists
D 5398 06.02 Practice for Visual Evaluation of the Lightfastness of Art Materials by the User
D 5403 06.02 Test Method for Volatile Content of Radiation Curable Materials
D 5717 06.02 Test Method for Determining Extractability of Metals from Art Materials
D 5724 06.02 Specification for Gouache Paints
D 5909 06.02 Test Method for Drying Time of Oxidative-Drying Printing Inks by Squalene Resistance
D 6073 06.02 Test Method for the Relative Setting of Heatset Printing Inks by the Sinvatrol Tester
D 6419 06.02 Test Method for Volatile Content of Non-Heatset Web Offset Printing Inks
D 6487 06.02 Practice for Preparing Prints of Paste Printing Inks with the Little Joe Offset Color Proofing Press
D 6488 06.02 Terminology Relating to Print Problems
E 97 06.01 Test Method for Directional Reflectance Factor, 45-deg 0-deg, of Opaque Specimens by Broad-Band Filter
Reflectometry (Withdrawn 1992: Replaced by Test Method E 1347)
E 284 06.01 Terminology of Appearance
E 308 06.01 Test Method for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
E 313 06.01 Test Method for Indexes of Whiteness and Yellowness of Near-White, Opaque Materials
E 429 06.01 Method for Measurement and Calculation of Reflecting Characteristics of Metallic Surfaces Using Integrating
Sphere Instruments
E 430 06.01 Method for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Goniophotometry
E 691 06.04 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E 805 06.01 Practice for Identification of Instrumental Methods of Color and Color-Difference Measurement of Materials
E 991 06.01 Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent Specimens
E 1331 06.01 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
E 1347 06.01 Test Method for Color and Color Difference Measurement of Object-Color Specimens by Tristimulus (Filter)
Colorimetry
E 1349 06.01 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional Geometry
F 34 15.09 Test Method for Liquid Extraction of Flexible Barrier Materials
F 149 15.09 Definitions of Terms Relating to Optical Character Recognition
F 151 15.09 Test Method for Residual Solvents in Flexible Barrier Materials
F 372 15.09 Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission of Flexible Barrier Materials Using an Infrared Detector Technique
F 413 15.09 Practice for Preparation of an Offset Duplicator for Use in Functional Testing of Lithographic Copy Products
F 425 15.09 Definitions of Terms Relating to Lithographic Copy Products
F 909 15.09 Definitions of Terms Relating to Printers
F 1125 15.09 Terminology of Image Quality in Impact Printing Systems
G 7 14.02 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic Materials
G 23 14.02 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus (Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure of
Nonmetallic Materials
G 24 14.02 Practice for Conducting Exposures to Daylight Filtered Through Glass
G 26 14.02 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure A
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 When formulating printing inks and overprint varnishes that dry primarily by oxidation it is important to know the stay open time so that premature drying does not occur on the printing press rollers and other components.  
3.2 The applied ink or OPV film used for testing is thicker than the film printed on the substrate and nominally represents the film on the printing press rollers.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a manual procedure for determining the stay open time of oxidative drying printing inks and overprint varnishes by a finger transfer method. Open is defined as a wet ink/varnish film.  
1.2 The amount of time required to reach the endpoint is recorded in hours.  
1.3 Typical inks and overprint varnishes that dry by oxidation are oil based sheetfed offset, letterpress, and screen inks.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1316-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Fineness of Grind of Printing Inks By the NPIRI Grindometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Oversize particles in a printing ink may damage a printing plate, plug a cell, clog a nozzle and adversely affect the appearance of printed ink films. Fineness of grind measurements are useful for deciding when to stop the dispersion process and for determining if the test material meets specifications as agreed upon between the supplier and the customer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the procedure for determining the fineness of grind of printing inks using a NPIRI Grindometer. It evaluates the size of the largest particles in a finished dispersion but not average particle size or concentration of sizes.  
1.2 This test method covers both manual and automatic drawdowns using an A1 scraper.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to any dispersion that is fine enough to fall within the 0 to 25 μm range of the specified grind gauge. With a minor variation in procedure, it is applicable to both paste (nonvolatile) and liquid (volatile) inks.  
Note 1: The 0 to 25 μm gauge specified in this test method is similar in principle to the 0 to 100 μm Hegman gauge described in Test Method D1210 and the various gauges described in ISO 1524:2000. Sieve analysis for concentration of particles above 45 μm is covered in Test Method D2067.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4942-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Water Pickup of Lithographic Printing Inks and Vehicles in a Laboratory Mixer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The lithographic printing process requires that some dampening solution be emulsified into the ink. These test methods provide a rapid means for determining water pickup under laboratory conditions. Test results may be useful for specification acceptance between the supplier and the customer.  
3.2 In order that results be comparable, the tests must be run at the same temperature and with the same type and quantity of liquid added prior to mixing.  
3.3 The emulsions obtained in these test methods are of larger particle size than those typically produced in printing nips. Because of these and other variables in the printing process, water pickup results do not by themselves predict lithographic printing performance.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for determining the amount of water picked up by lithographic printing inks in a laboratory mixer.  
1.2 Test Method A covers single-point water pickup; Test Method B covers the rate of water pickup. Both test methods are applicable to any printing ink and vehicle intended for the lithographic printing process.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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