ASTM D4292-92(1997)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Vibrated Bulk Density of Calcined Petroleum Coke
Standard Test Method for Determination of Vibrated Bulk Density of Calcined Petroleum Coke
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk density of a representative 2-kg sample of calcined petroleum coke, after vibration to increase compaction.
1.2 The procedure is limited to particles passing through a 6.68-mm opening sieve (equivalent to a 3-mesh Tyler Standard Series) and retained on a 0.21-mm opening sieve (equivalent to a 65-mesh Tyler Standard Series). Further, the procedure is limited to a specific test sample having particles retained between screens having openings that differ by a factor of less than 2[radical]2 and preferably less than 2.
1.3 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation:D4292 – 92 (Reapproved 1997)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Vibrated Bulk Density of Calcined
Petroleum Coke
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4292; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 bulk density, n—of coke, the ratio of the mass of a
collection of particles of a specified size range to the volume
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk
occupied.
density of a representative 2-kg sample of calcined petroleum
3.1.3 laboratory crushed particles, n—of coke, those that
coke, after vibration to increase compaction.
have been crushed in the laboratory.
1.2 The procedure is limited to particles passing through a
6.68-mmopeningsieve(equivalenttoa3-meshTylerStandard
4. Summary of Test Method
Series)andretainedona0.21-mmopeningsieve(equivalentto
4.1 After appropriate crushing of the calcined coke, using
a 65-mesh Tyler Standard Series). Further, the procedure is
both the jaw crusher and roll crusher, the test volume of 100 g
limited to a specific test sample having particles retained
is measured after vibration and the bulk density is calculated.
between screens having openings that differ by a factor of less
than 2 2 and preferably less than 2.
=
5. Significance and Use
1.3 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be
5.1 Vibrated bulk density, VBD, is an indicator of calcined
regarded as the standard.
petroleum coke porosity, which affects its suitability for use in
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
pitch-bonded carbon applications.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 1—Caution:Vibrated bulk density for a sample of calcined
petroleum coke is strongly dependent upon average particle size and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
particle size range. Bulk density tends to increase with decreasing coke
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
size.Anarrowparticlesizerangeforthistestminimizesthepossibilityfor
variation due to skewing of the test sample toward either screen defining
2. Referenced Documents
the sample. Particle size range tested should be agreed upon by the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
purchaser and supplier.
D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke
NOTE 2—An example of the use of VBD to characterize coke for
Samples for Laboratory Analysis
prebaked anodes for aluminum smelting is reported by Belitskus who
D2013 Method of Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis found particles passing through a 0.59-mm opening, No. 30, sieve and
retained on a 0.30-mm opening, No. 50, sieve to be preferred. Other
D2234 Test Methods for Collection of a Gross Sample of
2 popular ranges are particles passing through a 2.36-mm opening, No. 8,
Coal
sieveandretainedona1.17-mmopening,No.16,sieveforthecontinuous
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Soderberg anode process and particles passing through a 6.68-mm
Petroleum Products
opening sieve (equivalent to a 3-meshTyler Standard Series) and retained
E11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
on a 3.33-mm opening, No. 6, sieve for graphite electrode manufacture.
poses
6. Apparatus
3. Terminology
6.1 Jaw Crusher, laboratory type; jaw opening, approxi-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mately50by200mm;jawscanbesettogapsofapproximately
3.1.1 as-calcined particles, n—of coke, those that have not
3.2 to 12.7 mm; manganese steel jaw plates.
been subject to laboratory crushing.
6.2 Roll Crusher, laboratory type; glass hardened rolls; roll
diameter, approximately 200 mm; roll width, approximately
150 mm; gap range from 0 to 12.7 mm.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
6.3 Sieve Shaker, electrical drive with an automatic timer;
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
should have a rotating and tapping action.
D02.05 on Physical Analysis of Fuels and Light Distillates.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 1992. Published December 1992.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.05.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. Belitskus, D. L., “Evaluating Calcined Coke for Aluminum Smelting by Bulk
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Density,” Aluminium, Vol 51, No. 2, 1975.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D4292
on the fraction desired, a one-step reduction is often not possible from the
6.4 Sieves—meeting Specification E11.
maximum particle size in the jaw crusher product and intermediate roll
6.5 Pan Balance, accurate to 0.1 g, capacity 2.0 kg.
settings are used.The sample is reduced to the desired mesh size using as
6.6 Vibrator , with approximately 175- by 250-mm deck,
few intermediate settings as possible (but not exceeding the 4 to 1
must be capable of vibrating at a frequency of 60 Hz and an
reduction ratio).
amplitude of 0.20 to 0.22 mm (peak) when loaded with a 50-g
8.3.1 With the motor deactivated, and using a method
cork ring, 215-g graduated cylinder, and a 100-g coke sample.
appropriate to the roll crusher being used, adjust the roll gap
6.7 Ohmmeter, adequate to test continuity of an electrical
according to the following procedure. If the rolls are readily
circuit.
accessible, adjustment with a leaf-type feeler gage inserted
6.8 Cork Ring, approximately 100-mm inside diameter by
between the rolls with the motor deactivated is useful.
25 mm high by 12 mm thick, weight approximately 50 g
(round-bottom flask support). 8.3.2 Calculatetheratioofthemaximumparticlesizeofthe
roll crusher feed (expressed as the opening, in millimetres, of
6.9 Graduated Cylinder, glass, 250 mL, inside diameter
approximately 37 mm, base diameter approximately 95 mm. the finest screen through which the largest particles will pass)
to the maximum particle size of the bulk density fraction
6.10 Plastic Funnel, must have a stem with straight sides
and an outside diameter of 25 to 30 mm (powder funnel). required (expressed as the opening, in millimetres, of the
6.11 Automatic Timer, Clock, or Watch, with a second coarser of the two screens used to define the bulk density
indicator. fraction).
6.12 Riffle Sampler, enclosed drawer, approximately 380 by
8.3.3 Select the number of crushing steps required from the
290 by 360 mm, 24-slot.
following table:
Number of Crushing
7. Precautions
Ratio Steps Required
1.1to4.0 1
7.1 Exercisecareintheoperationofthejawcrusherandroll
4.1 to 16.0 2
crusher. Turn power off at the source when setting the gap.
16.1 to 64.0 3
Wear safety glasses and keep hands clear when feeding
8.3.4 For each crushing step required, the roll gap is
material. Turn power off at the source when equipment is
decreased (from a value equivalent to the maximum particle
opened for cleaning after the grinding operation.
size of the feed) by a factor of:
8. Sample Preparation
n
Ratio ~asdefinedin8.3.2! (1)
=
8.1 Use the crushing procedure in 8.2 and subsequent
where:
paragraphssothatcontributionstoVBDfromboth as-calcined
n 5 number of crushing steps required (8.3.3)
and laboratory-crushed particles (which differ significantly in
8.3.5 For example, it is desired to reduce a coke having a
density) are included.
maximum particle size of 6.68 mm to one having a maximum
NOTE 3—Because the vibrated bulk density method is based on the
particle size of 0.208 mm. The calculation is as follows:
packing of sized particles, the method of sample preparation can affect
Ratio 5 32.115 (see 8.3.2)
results due to differences in particle shapes affecting packing characteris-
tics. Crushing steps required 53 (see 8.3.3)
Factor 5 32.115 53.179 (see 8.3.4)
8.1.1 Air-dry the laboratory sample, if it appears to be wet, =
prior to crushing to avoid caking.
1st setting: 6.68 mm 4 3.179 52.101 mm
2nd setting: 2.101 mm 4 3.179 50.661 mm
NOTE 4—On agreement by purchaser and supplier, density of only
as-calcined particles in the selected size range are determined. If so, 3rd setting: 0.661 mm 4 3.179 50.208 mm
proceed to Section 11 and report as part of the result that only as-calcined
8.3.6 After the roll gap is adjusted, remove the feeler gage
particles were used.
(if used), turn on the roll crusher motor, slowly feed 0.3 kg of
NOTE 5—Recommended practice for collecting samples and the equip-
thejawcrusherproductthroughtherollcrusher,andcollectthe
ment and procedures for dividing are described in Test Methods D346,
sample. When more than one roll crushing step is required,
D2013, D2234, and D4057.
regrindthroughsmalleropeningsandcollectthesample.Then,
8.2 Jaw Crusher Operation—Usetheprocedureappropriate
using the appropriate screens (those defining the bulk density
to the crusher being used, adjust the jaws so that the gap
fraction), sample receiver, and cover, sieve the roll-crushed
between them (at their closest position to each other in the
sample in the sieve shaker. With this final roll crusher setting,
crushing cycle) is approximately 5 mm. Turn on the jaw
at least 30% of the coke generally will be in the desired
crushermotor,slowlyfeedthesamplethroughthecrusher,and
particle size range.
collect the product for further reduction through a roll crusher.
8.3.7 This setting will produce roughly equal weights of
8.3 Roll Crusher Operation:
coke coarser and finer than the desired fraction, provided that
NOTE 6—Caution:To avoid damage to the rolls, size reduction with
the starting material is sufficiently coarse. If yield is at least
the roll crusher must be li
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.