ASTM D6237-09(2015)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Painting Inspectors (Concrete and Masonry Substrates)
Standard Guide for Painting Inspectors (Concrete and Masonry Substrates)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide is intended as a reference for those concerned with the inspection of thin- or thick-film coating application to concrete and masonry substrates. It does not cover the application of cement-type coatings. A checklist is included as Appendix X1.1. Many of the details covered may be in a specification for a particular project. A specification for coating projects should include the coatings to be used.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended as an information aid to painting inspectors in carrying out the task efficiently. It includes the key elements of surface preparation, coatings application, and final approval for both field and shop work. The items should be selected that are pertinent to a particular job.
Note 1: For additional helpful information, refer to the following documents:
Manual of Concrete Practice ACI 515R American Concrete Institute2
Manual of Coating Work for Light Water Nuclear Power Plant Primary Containment and Other Safety Related Facilities3
C811 Practice for Surface Preparation of Concrete for Application of Chemical-Resistant Resin Monolithic Surfacings4
SSPC-PA Guide 3 - A Guide to Safety in Paint Application5
Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol. 1- Good Painting Practices5
Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol. 2 - Systems and Specifications5
Manufacturers Specifications and Instructions (made available to the inspector for reference to special requirements for proper application)
Material Safety Data Sheets (needed to insure that personnel take necessary precautions in handling hazardous materials). Available from Materials manufacturer.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whomever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This guide is arranged in the following order:
Section
Referenced Documents
2
ASTM Standards
2.1
OSHA Standards
2.2
ICRI Standards
2.3
SSPC Standards
2.4
Significance and Use
3
Preparation for Inspection
4
Surface Preparation Methods and Requirements
5
Surface Preparation
5.1
Factors Affecting Coating Performance
5.2
Surface Condition
5.2.1
Cleanliness
5.2.2
Moisture
5.2.3
Surface Preparation Procedures
5.3
Dry Surface Cleaning
5.3.1
Water and Steam Cleaning
5.3.2
Mechanical Tool Cleaning
5.3.3
Hand Tool Cleaning
5.3.3.1
Power Tool Cleaning
5.3.3.2
Scarifying Machines
5.3.3.3
Pre- and Post-Surface Preparation
5.3.3.4
Finished Surface
5.3.3.5
Blast Cleaning
5.3.4
Water Blast Cleaning
5.3.5
Acid Etching
5.3.6
Precautions in Preparing Unpainted and
Previously Painted Surfaces
5.4
Inspection of Surfaces Prior to Field Painting
5.5
New Construction
5.5.1
Maintenance Repainting
5.5.2
Cracks and Voids
6
Cracks
6.1
Cracks in Concrete
6.1.1
Joints in Concrete
6.1.2
Voids
6.2
Recoat Intervals
6.3
Coating Storage and Handling
7
Storage of Coating and Thinner
7.1
Mixing of Coatings
7.2
Thinning
7.3
Initial Samples
7.3.1
Thinning of Coating
7.3.2
Sampling of Thinned Coating
7.3.3
Heating of Coating
7.4
Weather Considerations
8
Drying
8.1
Low Temperature
8.2
High Temperature
8.3
Moisture
8.4
Wind
...
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6237 − 09 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Guide for
Painting Inspectors (Concrete and Masonry Substrates)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6237; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Section
Referenced Documents 2
1.1 This guide is intended as an information aid to painting
ASTM Standards 2.1
inspectors in carrying out the task efficiently. It includes the OSHA Standards 2.2
ICRI Standards 2.3
key elements of surface preparation, coatings application, and
SSPC Standards 2.4
final approval for both field and shop work. The items should
Significance and Use 3
be selected that are pertinent to a particular job. Preparation for Inspection 4
Surface Preparation Methods and Requirements 5
NOTE 1—For additional helpful information, refer to the following Surface Preparation 5.1
documents: Factors Affecting Coating Performance 5.2
Surface Condition 5.2.1
Manual of Concrete Practice ACI 515R American Concrete Institute
Cleanliness 5.2.2
ManualofCoatingWorkforLightWaterNuclearPowerPlantPrimary
3 Moisture 5.2.3
Containment and Other Safety Related Facilities
Surface Preparation Procedures 5.3
C811 Practice for Surface Preparation of Concrete for Application of
Dry Surface Cleaning 5.3.1
Chemical-Resistant Resin Monolithic Surfacings
Water and Steam Cleaning 5.3.2
SSPC-PA Guide 3 - A Guide to Safety in Paint Application
Mechanical Tool Cleaning 5.3.3
Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol. 1- Good Painting Practices
Hand Tool Cleaning 5.3.3.1
Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol. 2 - Systems and Specifications
Power Tool Cleaning 5.3.3.2
Scarifying Machines 5.3.3.3
Manufacturers Specifications and Instructions (made available to the
Pre- and Post-Surface Preparation 5.3.3.4
inspector for reference to special requirements for proper application)
Finished Surface 5.3.3.5
Material Safety Data Sheets (needed to insure that personnel take
Blast Cleaning 5.3.4
necessary precautions in handling hazardous materials). Available from
Water Blast Cleaning 5.3.5
Materials manufacturer.
Acid Etching 5.3.6
Precautions in Preparing Unpainted and
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Previously Painted Surfaces 5.4
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Inspection of Surfaces Prior to Field Painting 5.5
only.
New Construction 5.5.1
Maintenance Repainting 5.5.2
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Cracks and Voids 6
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Cracks 6.1
Cracks in Concrete 6.1.1
responsibility of whomever uses this standard to consult and
Joints in Concrete 6.1.2
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
Voids 6.2
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Recoat Intervals 6.3
Coating Storage and Handling 7
1.4 This guide is arranged in the following order:
Storage of Coating and Thinner 7.1
Mixing of Coatings 7.2
Thinning 7.3
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Initial Samples 7.3.1
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Thinning of Coating 7.3.2
Subcommittee D01.46 on Industrial Protective Coatings.
Sampling of Thinned Coating 7.3.3
Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally approved
Heating of Coating 7.4
in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D6237 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/
Weather Considerations 8
D6237-09R15.
Drying 8.1
Available fromAmerican Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Low Temperature 8.2
Hills, MI 48333-9094, http://www.concrete.org. High Temperature 8.3
Moisture 8.4
ASTM, 1979.
Wind 8.5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Coating Application 9
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Residual Contaminants 9.1
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Quality Assurance 9.2
the ASTM website.
5 Film Defects 9.2.1
Available from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor,
Brush Application 9.3
Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http://www.sspc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6237 − 09 (2015)
D6677 Test Method for Evaluating Adhesion by Knife
Spray Application 9.4
Roller Application 9.5
D7234 Test Method for Pull-OffAdhesion Strength of Coat-
Miscellaneous Methods 9.6
ings on Concrete Using Portable Pull-Off Adhesion Tes-
Rate of Application 9.7
ters
Additional Considerations 10
Ventilation 10.1
E1907 Guide to Methods of Evaluating Moisture Conditions
Painting Schedule 10.2
of Concrete Floors to Receive Resilient Floor Coverings
Film Integrity 10.3
(Withdrawn 2008)
Recoat Time 10.4
Coating System Failure 10.5
F1869 Test Method for Measuring MoistureVapor Emission
Inspection Equipment 11
Rate of Concrete Subfloor Using Anhydrous Calcium
General 11.1
Adhesion of Existing Coating 11.1.1 Chloride
Portable Pull-Off Adhesion 11.1.2
F2170 Test Method for Determining Relative Humidity in
Field Inspection Equipment 11.2
Concrete Floor Slabs Using in situ Probes
Drying and Curing Times 11.2.1
Thermometers 11.2.1.1
2.2 OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration(OSHA)
Relative Humidity and Dew Point 11.2.1.2
Standard:
Viscosity Cups 11.2.2
29 CFR 1910.1200 Hazard Communication
Wet-Film Thickness Gages 11.2.4
Interchemical Gage 11.2.4.1
2.3 International Concrete Repair Institute
Notched Gage 11.2.4.2
Guideline No. 03732 Selecting and Specifying Concrete
Dry-Film Thickness Gages 11.2.5
Destructive Thickness Gage 11.2.5.1 Surface Preparation for Sealers, Coatings, and Polymer
Nondestructive Film Thickness Gages 11.2.5.2
Overlays
Discontinuity (Holiday) Tester 11.3
2.4 SSPC Standards:
Inspection Checklist Appendix X1
SSPC-SP1 Solvent Cleaning
2. Referenced Documents
SSPC-SP7/NACE No. 4 Brush-off Blast Cleaning
SSPC-PA1 Paint Application Specifications
2.1 ASTM Standards:
SSPC-Guide 6 Guide for Containing Debris Generated Dur-
C811 Practice for Surface Preparation of Concrete for Ap-
ing Paint Removal Operations
plication of Chemical-Resistant Resin Monolithic Surfac-
SSPC-Guide 7 Guide for the Disposal of Lead-
ings (Withdrawn 2012)
Contaminated Surface Preparation Debris
D1212 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thick-
SSPC-SP12/NACE No. 5 Surface Preparation and Cleaning
ness of Organic Coatings
ofSteelandOtherHardMaterialsbyHigh-andUltrahigh-
D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
Pressure Water Jetting Prior to Recoating
and Related Products
SSPC-SP13/NACE No. 6 Surface Preparation of Concrete
D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
D4138 Practices for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of
3. Significance and Use
Protective Coating Systems by Destructive, Cross-
Sectioning Means
3.1 Thisguideisintendedasareferenceforthoseconcerned
D4212 Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity with the inspection of thin- or thick-film coating application to
Cups
concrete and masonry substrates. It does not cover the appli-
D4258 Practice for Surface Cleaning Concrete for Coating cation of cement-type coatings. A checklist is included as
D4259 Practice for Abrading Concrete
Appendix X1.1. Many of the details covered may be in a
D4260 Practice for Liquid and Gelled Acid Etching of specificationforaparticularproject.Aspecificationforcoating
Concrete
projects should include the coatings to be used.
D4262 TestMethodforpHofChemicallyCleanedorEtched
4. Preparation for Inspection
Concrete Surfaces
D4263 Test Method for Indicating Moisture in Concrete by
4.1 The guide describes the duties of the inspector and
the Plastic Sheet Method
discusses inspection methods, both visual and instrumental,
D4285 Test Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Com-
that can be used to determine that the specification require-
pressed Air
ments have been met by the painting contractor.
D4414 Practice for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness by
4.2 Before the start of the job, the inspector should be
Notch Gages
provided information by the project engineer from the official
D4787 Practice for Continuity Verification of Liquid or
plans and specifications as to surface preparation requirements,
Sheet Linings Applied to Concrete Substrates
coating type, thinner to be used, mixing ratios to be used,
D5064 Practice for Conducting a Patch Test to Assess
recommended application thickness, recommended primer, tie
Coating Compatibility
coat, topcoat, time between coats, method of application,
D6132 TestMethodforNondestructiveMeasurementofDry
Film Thickness of Applied Organic Coatings Using an
Ultrasonic Coating Thickness Gage 7
AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov.
6 8
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on AvailablefromInternationalConcreteRepairInstitute,3166S.RiverRd.,Suite
www.astm.org. 132, Des Plaines, IL 60018, http://www.icri.org.
D6237 − 09 (2015)
ambient condition restrictions, and any special precautions to 5.3.1 Dry Surface Cleaning—Broom, vacuum cleaners or a
be followed.These details should be recorded in an inspector’s compressedairstream,orboth,areusedtoremovesurfacedust
record book to eliminate any misunderstanding between the
and other loosely adherent solid contaminants in accordance
inspector and the contractor.
with paragraphs 6.1 to 6.3 of Practice D4258. Compressed air
should be free of water and oil. Test compressed air supply in
4.3 The inspector should obtain copies of Safety Data
accordance with Test Method D4285. Visually examine the
Sheets for all products that will be used on the project, review
surface for the presence of dust, debris and loosely adherent
any hazard communications program in accordance with 29
concrete.
CFR 1910.1200 that will apply to the project, and review other
safety information related to the work that will be performed 5.3.2 Water and Steam Cleaning—These procedures are
by the contractor. The inspector should examine these materi-
intended to remove dust, dirt, and water-soluble surface con-
als and be supplied with appropriate protective equipment and taminants. Clean, potable water is used with sufficient pressure
devices.
to remove dust, dirt, and loose material. Hand scrubbing with
a stiff-bristled brush may be necessary. Visually examine the
5. Surface Preparation Methods and Requirements
prepared surface for debris, dirt, oil, grease, loosely adherent
concrete, and other contaminants. Moisture content may be
5.1 SurfacePreparation—Oneofthemostimportantfactors
determined after the surface has dried in accordance with Test
affecting the performance of coatings is surface preparation.
Method D4263 or by use of a moisture meter.
The specifier determines the proper level according to the
expected service life and type of coating specified. Information 5.3.2.1 Detergentsornonorganicsolventemulsifyingagents
on selection of the level of surface preparation can be found in are used with water and steam cleaning to remove oil and
SSPC-SP13/NACE No. 6 and ICRI Guideline No. 03732. grease contaminants. Heavy oil grease deposits should be
removed by scraping prior to cleaning. Residues of the
5.2 Factors Affecting Coating Performance—There are a
cleaning agent should be removed by flushing the surface with
number of factors that must be considered to ensure a proper
clean potable water before the surface dries. In some cases
painting project.
removalofthecleaningagentmaybeverifiedbymeasuringthe
5.2.1 Surface Condition—Concrete and masonry have
surface pH in accordance with Test Method D4262.
unique properties associated with them due to their physical
5.3.2.2 Practice D4258, paragraphs 6.4 to 6.6 present the
nature and method of formation. New concrete may be very
procedures and test methods for water and steam cleaning both
smooth and hard if hard trowel finished, or have cavities and
holes at or just below the surface if poured. As with surface with and without detergents or emulsifying agents.
preparation of other substrates, contaminants must be removed
5.3.3 Mechanical Tool Cleaning—Mechanical tool cleaning
and the surface suitably roughened. All protrusions should be
is used to remove fins and projections, laitance, glaze,
removed by suitable hand or power tool technique prior to
efflorescence, and concrete curing compounds. It results in a
cleaning. Visible holes should be filled with a patching
sound concrete surface that is suitably roughened. Mechanical
compound compatible with the coating to be applied.
tool cleaning is presented in Practice D4259, paragraphs 6.1 to
5.2.2 Cleanliness—Manymaterials,ifnotremovedfromthe
6.5. Various techniques may be required by the specifier
surface, will affect the life of the coating. These include form
depending on the nature of the job.
release agents, surface hardeners, laitance, efflorescence,
5.3.3.1 Hand Tool Cleaning is one method used for the
grease, soil, fungus, mold, and mildew, which make it impos-
removal of loose or otherwise unsound concrete, by hand
sible to obtain proper adhesion.
brushing, hand sanding, hand chipping, or scraping using wire,
5.2.3 Moisture—There should be no free standing water on
fiber or bristle brushes, grinding stones, sandpaper, steel wool,
thesurfacealthoughadampsurfacemaybeallowedforcertain
hand scrapers or chisels, and chipping hammers.
types of coatings. Moisture is required to cure concrete, but
(a) Wire brushes should be rigid enough to clean the surface
after the specified cure time has passed, the inspector should
thoroughly and shaped to penetrate into all corners and joints.
check for excessive moisture below the surface as determined
Brushes should be kept free of all materials that may clog the
by Test Method D4263 or by use of a moisture meter. Many
wires of the brush.
coating types will not adhere over entrapped moisture. Con-
crete slabs to which a floor coating will be applied are more (b)Handscrapersshouldbemadeoftoolsteel,temperedand
ground to a sharp edge and should be of the proper size and
commonly checked for moisture vapor transmission rate using
the calcium chloride method as described in Test Method shape to enable cleaning to be done as specified. Scrapers
F1869, or in situ probes as described in Test Method F2170. should be kept sharp at all times.
5.3.3.2 Power Tool Cleaning is a method used for the
5.3 Su
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6237 − 09 D6237 − 09 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Guide for
Painting Inspectors (Concrete and Masonry Substrates)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6237; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide is intended as an information aid to painting inspectors in carrying out the task efficiently. It includes the key
elements of surface preparation, coatings application, and final approval for both field and shop work. The items should be selected
that are pertinent to a particular job.
NOTE 1—For additional helpful information, refer to the following documents:
Manual of Concrete Practice ACI 515R American Concrete Institute
Manual of Coating Work for Light Water Nuclear Power Plant Primary Containment and Other Safety Related Facilities
C811 Practice for Surface Preparation of Concrete for Application of Chemical-Resistant Resin Monolithic Surfacings
SSPC-PA Guide 3 - A Guide to Safety in Paint Application
Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol. 1- Good Painting Practices
Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol. 2 - Systems and Specifications
Manufacturers Specifications and Instructions (made available to the inspector for reference to special requirements for proper application)
Material Safety Data Sheets (needed to insure that personnel take necessary precautions in handling hazardous materials). Available from Materials
manufacturer.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of whomever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability
of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This guide is arranged in the following order:
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D01.46 on Industrial Protective Coatings.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2009July 1, 2015. Published March 2009. July 2015. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
D6237 - 03.D6237 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/D6237-09.10.1520/D6237-09R15.
Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http://www.concrete.org.
ASTM, 1979.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http://www.sspc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6237 − 09 (2015)
Section
Referenced Documents 2
ASTM Standards 2.1
OSHA Standards 2.2
ICRI Standards 2.3
SSPC Standards 2.4
Significance and Use 3
Preparation for Inspection 4
Surface Preparation Methods and Requirements 5
Surface Preparation 5.1
Factors Affecting Coating Performance 5.2
Surface Condition 5.2.1
Cleanliness 5.2.2
Moisture 5.2.3
Surface Preparation Procedures 5.3
Dry Surface Cleaning 5.3.1
Water and Steam Cleaning 5.3.2
Mechanical Tool Cleaning 5.3.3
Hand Tool Cleaning 5.3.3.1
Power Tool Cleaning 5.3.3.2
Scarifying Machines 5.3.3.3
Pre- and Post-Surface Preparation 5.3.3.4
Finished Surface 5.3.3.5
Blast Cleaning 5.3.4
Water Blast Cleaning 5.3.5
Acid Etching 5.3.6
Precautions in Preparing Unpainted and
Previously Painted Surfaces 5.4
Inspection of Surfaces Prior to Field Painting 5.5
New Construction 5.5.1
Maintenance Repainting 5.5.2
Cracks and Voids 6
Cracks 6.1
Cracks in Concrete 6.1.1
Joints in Concrete 6.1.2
Voids 6.2
Recoat Intervals 6.3
Coating Storage and Handling 7
Storage of Coating and Thinner 7.1
Mixing of Coatings 7.2
Thinning 7.3
Initial Samples 7.3.1
Thinning of Coating 7.3.2
Sampling of Thinned Coating 7.3.3
Heating of Coating 7.4
Weather Considerations 8
Drying 8.1
Low Temperature 8.2
High Temperature 8.3
Moisture 8.4
Wind 8.5
Coating Application 9
Residual Contaminants 9.1
Quality Assurance 9.2
Film Defects 9.2.1
Brush Application 9.3
Spray Application 9.4
Roller Application 9.5
Miscellaneous Methods 9.6
Rate of Application 9.7
Additional Considerations 10
Ventilation 10.1
Painting Schedule 10.2
Film Integrity 10.3
Recoat Time 10.4
Coating System Failure 10.5
Inspection Equipment 11
General 11.1
Adhesion of Existing Coating 11.1.1
Portable Pull-Off Adhesion 11.1.2
Field Inspection Equipment 11.2
Drying and Curing Times 11.2.1
Thermometers 11.2.1.1
Relative Humidity and Dew Point 11.2.1.2
Viscosity Cups 11.2.2
Wet-Film Thickness Gages 11.2.4
Interchemical Gage 11.2.4.1
Notched Gage 11.2.4.2
D6237 − 09 (2015)
Dry-Film Thickness Gages 11.2.5
Destructive Thickness Gage 11.2.5.1
Nondestructive Film Thickness Gages 11.2.5.2
Discontinuity (Holiday) Tester 11.3
Inspection Checklist Appendix X1
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C811 Practice for Surface Preparation of Concrete for Application of Chemical-Resistant Resin Monolithic Surfacings
(Withdrawn 2012)
D1212 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness of Organic Coatings
D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products
D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
D4138 Practices for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Protective Coating Systems by Destructive, Cross-Sectioning
Means
D4212 Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity Cups
D4258 Practice for Surface Cleaning Concrete for Coating
D4259 Practice for Abrading Concrete
D4260 Practice for Liquid and Gelled Acid Etching of Concrete
D4262 Test Method for pH of Chemically Cleaned or Etched Concrete Surfaces
D4263 Test Method for Indicating Moisture in Concrete by the Plastic Sheet Method
D4285 Test Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Compressed Air
D4414 Practice for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness by Notch Gages
D4787 Practice for Continuity Verification of Liquid or Sheet Linings Applied to Concrete Substrates
D5064 Practice for Conducting a Patch Test to Assess Coating Compatibility
D6132 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Applied Organic Coatings Using an Ultrasonic
Coating Thickness Gage
D6677 Test Method for Evaluating Adhesion by Knife
D7234 Test Method for Pull-Off Adhesion Strength of Coatings on Concrete Using Portable Pull-Off Adhesion Testers
E1907 Guide to Methods of Evaluating Moisture Conditions of Concrete Floors to Receive Resilient Floor Coverings
(Withdrawn 2008)
F1869 Test Method for Measuring Moisture Vapor Emission Rate of Concrete Subfloor Using Anhydrous Calcium Chloride
F2170 Test Method for Determining Relative Humidity in Concrete Floor Slabs Using in situ Probes
2.2 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Standard:
29 CFR 1910.1200 Hazard Communication
2.3 International Concrete Repair Institute
Guideline No. 03732 Selecting and Specifying Concrete Surface Preparation for Sealers, Coatings, and Polymer Overlays
2.4 SSPC Standards:
SSPC-SP1 Solvent Cleaning
SSPC-SP7/NACE No. 4 Brush-off Blast Cleaning
SSPC-PA1 Paint Application Specifications
SSPC-Guide 6 Guide for Containing Debris Generated During Paint Removal Operations
SSPC-Guide 7 Guide for the Disposal of Lead-Contaminated Surface Preparation Debris
SSPC-SP12/NACE No. 5 Surface Preparation and Cleaning of Steel and Other Hard Materials by High- and Ultrahigh-Pressure
Water Jetting Prior to Recoating
SSPC-SP13/NACE No. 6 Surface Preparation of Concrete
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This guide is intended as a reference for those concerned with the inspection of thin- or thick-film coating application to
concrete and masonry substrates. It does not cover the application of cement-type coatings. A checklist is included as Appendix
X1.1. Many of the details covered may be in a specification for a particular project. A specification for coating projects should
include the coatings to be used.
4. Preparation for Inspection
4.1 The guide describes the duties of the inspector and discusses inspection methods, both visual and instrumental, that can be
used to determine that the specification requirements have been met by the painting contractor.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov.
Available from International Concrete Repair Institute, 3166 S. River Rd., Suite 132, Des Plaines, IL 60018, http://www.icri.org.
D6237 − 09 (2015)
4.2 Before the start of the job, the inspector should be provided information by the project engineer from the official plans and
specifications as to surface preparation requirements, coating type, thinner to be used, mixing ratios to be used, recommended
application thickness, recommended primer, tie coat, topcoat, time between coats, method of application, ambient condition
restrictions, and any special precautions to be followed. These details should be recorded in an inspector’s record book to eliminate
any misunderstanding between the inspector and the contractor.
4.3 The inspector should obtain copies of Materials Safety Data Sheets for all products that will be used on the project, review
any hazard communications program in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1200 that will apply to the project, and review other safety
information related to the work that will be performed by the contractor. The inspector should examine these materials and be
supplied with appropriate protective equipment and devices.
5. Surface Preparation Methods and Requirements
5.1 Surface Preparation—One of the most important factors affecting the performance of coatings is surface preparation. The
specifier determines the proper level according to the expected service life and type of coating specified. Information on selection
of the level of surface preparation can be found in SSPC-SP13/NACE No. 6 and ICRI Guideline No. 03732.
5.2 Factors Affecting Coating Performance—There are a number of factors that must be considered to ensure a proper painting
project.
5.2.1 Surface Condition—Concrete and masonry have unique properties associated with them due to their physical nature and
method of formation. New concrete may be very smooth and hard if hard trowel finished, or have cavities and holes at or just below
the surface if poured. As with surface preparation of other substrates, contaminants must be removed and the surface suitably
roughened. All protrusions should be removed by suitable hand or power tool technique prior to cleaning. Visible holes should be
filled with a patching compound compatible with the coating to be applied.
5.2.2 Cleanliness—Many materials, if not removed from the surface, will affect the life of the coating. These include form
release agents, surface hardeners, laitance, efflorescence, grease, soil, fungus, mold, and mildew, which make it impossible to
obtain proper adhesion.
5.2.3 Moisture—There should be no free standing water on the surface although a damp surface may be allowed for certain types
of coatings. Moisture is required to cure concrete, but after the specified cure time has passed, the inspector should check for
excessive moisture below the surface as determined by Test Method D4263 or by use of a moisture meter. Many coating types will
not adhere over entrapped moisture. Concrete slabs to which a floor coating will be applied are more commonly checked for
moisture vapor transmission rate using the calcium chloride method as described in Test Method F1869, or in situ probes as
described in Test Method F2170.
5.3 Surface Preparation Procedures—Safety precautions are not addressed separately for each of the following surface
preparation methods. Each has its own safety-related hazards, and U.S. Occupational Health and Safety Administration regulations
should be followed. Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for the solvents and cleaning compounds provided by the manufacturer
should also be consulted for proper worker protection.
5.3.1 Dry Surface Cleaning—Broom, vacuum cleaners or a compressed air stream, or both, are used to remove surface dust and
other loosely adherent solid contaminants in accordance with paragraphs 6.1 to 6.3 of Practice D4258. Compressed air should be
free of water and oil. Test compressed air supply in accordance with Test Method D4285. Visually examine the surface for the
presence of dust, debris and loosely adherent concrete.
5.3.2 Water and Steam Cleaning—These procedures are intended to remove dust, dirt, and water-soluble surface contaminants.
Clean, potable water is used with sufficient pressure to remove dust, dirt, and loose material. Hand scrubbing with a stiff-bristled
brush may be necessary. Visually examine the prepared surface for debris, dirt, oil, grease, loosely adherent concrete, and other
contaminants. Moisture content may be determined after the surface has dried in accordance with Test Method D4263 or by use
of a moisture meter.
5.3.2.1 Detergents or nonorganic solvent emulsifying agents are used with water and steam cleaning to remove oil and grease
contaminants. Heavy oil grease deposits should be removed by scraping prior to cleaning. Residues of the cleaning agent should
be removed by flushing the surface with clean potable water before the surface dries. In some cases removal of the cleaning agent
may be verified by measuring the surface pH in accordance with Test Method D4262.
5.3.2.2 Practice D4258, paragraphs 6.4 to 6.6 present the procedures and test methods for water and steam cleaning both with
and without detergents or emulsifying agents.
5.3.3 Mechanical Tool Cleaning—Mechanical tool cleaning is used to remove fins and projections, laitance, glaze, efflorescence,
and concrete curing compounds. It results in a sound concret
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