ASTM D4594-96(2003)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Effects of Temperature on Stability of Geotextiles
Standard Test Method for Effects of Temperature on Stability of Geotextiles
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a procedure for determining the effects of climatic temperature on the tensile strength and elongation properties of geotextiles.
1.2 The effect of temperature on the stability of geotextiles is reported as the change in tensile strength and elongation between tests performed as directed in Test Method D 5035, in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, and tests performed under conditions at which the geotextile is expected to perform in the field.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 7.1.1-7.1.3.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are provided for information only.
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Designation:D4594–96 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Method for
Effects of Temperature on Stability of Geotextiles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4594; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 temperature stability, n—for a geotextile, the percent
change in tensile strength or in percent elongation as measured
1.1 This test method provides a procedure for determining
at a specified temperature and compared to values obtained at
the effects of climatic temperature on the tensile strength and
the standard conditions for testing geotextiles.
elongation properties of geotextiles.
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
1.2 The effect of temperature on the stability of geotextiles
refer to Terminology D123 and Terminology D4439.
is reported as the change in tensile strength and elongation
between tests performed as directed inTest Method D5035, in
4. Summary of Test Method
the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, and tests per-
4.1 Specimens of a geotextile are conditioned at selected
formed under conditions at which the geotextile is expected to
temperaturesinanenvironmentalchamberattachedtoatensile
perform in the field.
testing machine. While maintaining these temperatures, 2 in.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
cut or ravel strip tensile tests are performed as directed in Test
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
MethodD5035.Thesametestsareconductedascontrolunder
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the standard laboratory test conditions. Tensile strength and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
percent elongation properties obtained at various test tempera-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 7.1.1-7.1.3.
tures are recorded. Changes in strength characteristics due to
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
the effects of temperature are determined.
standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are provided
4.2 The temperatures used for conditioning and testing the
for information only.
geotextiles are the temperatures at which the geotextile will
2. Referenced Documents perform or are typically exposed to in the field.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Tex-
2 5.1 This test method is used for evaluating the relative
tiles
2 effects of temperature on geotextiles manufactured from dif-
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
2 ferent polymers, by a different manufacturing process, or both.
D461 Test Methods for Felt
2 5.2 During shipping and storage, the geotextile may be
D1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
3 exposed to abnormal temperatures. The fabric could be tested
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics forTesting
3 at these temperatures to determine the detrimental effects of
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
these conditions on the strength properties.
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation
4 5.3 Thistestmethodmayalsobeusedtoevaluatethecyclic
of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
effects of temperature (freeze-thaw), that is, samples can be
3. Terminology conditioned to below normal temperatures (below freezing)
andthentoabovenormaltemperatures(elevatedtemperatures)
3.1 Definitions:
for a given number of cycles. Strength characteristics can be
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geotextiles, n—air maintained
determined after these cyclic exposures.
at relative humidity of 50 to 70% and at a temperature of 21
5.4 Most nonwoven, woven, and composite fabric can be
6 2°C (70 6 4°F).
tested by this method. Modification of the techniques is likely
to be necessary for any fabric having a strength in excess of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
179 kg/cm (1000 lb/in.) width. This test method is not
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endur-
recommended for knitted fabrics.
ance Properties.
Current edition approved July 10, 1996. Published November 1996. Originally 5.5 This test method is an index test method and is not
published as D4594–86. Last previous edition D4594–95.
recommendedforacceptancetestingofcommercialshipments,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
sinceinformationonbetweenlaboratoryprecisionhasnotbeen
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.13.
established.Insomecasesthepurchaserandsellermayhaveto
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4594–96 (2003)
test a commercial shipment of one or more geotextiles by the 8. Sampling
best available method, even though the method has not been
8.1 Division into Lots and Lot Sample—Unless otherwise
recommendedforacceptancetestingofcommercialshipments.
agreed upon as in an applicable material specification, divide
A comparative test performed as directed in 5.5.1 may be
the material into lots and take a lot sample as directed in
advisable.
Practice D4354. Consider rolls of fabric to be the primary
5.5.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
sampling units.
reported test results when using Test Method D4594 for
8.2 Laboratory Sample—Take for the laboratory sample, a
acceptancetestingofcommercialshipments,thepurchaserand
swatch extending the width of the fabric and approximately 1
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
m(1yd)alongtheselvagefromeachrollinthelotsample.The
there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent
swatch may be taken from the end portion of a roll provided
statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of
there is no evidence that it is distorted or different from other
bias.Asaminimum,thetwopartiesshouldtakeagroupoftest
portions of the roll. In cases of dispute, take a swatch that will
specimens that are as homogenous as possible and that are
excludefabricfromtheouterwrapoftherollortheinnerwrap
from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
around the core.
specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers
8.3 Test Specimens—For the standard conditions and for
toeachlaboratoryfortesting.Theaverageresultsfromthetwo
each test temperature to which the geotextile is to be exposed,
laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for
cut five specimens at least 50.8 mm (2 in.) wide by 152.4 mm
unpaireddataandanacceptableprobabilitylevelchosenbythe
(6in.)longfromeachswatchinthelaboratorysamplewiththe
twopartiesbeforethetestingi
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