ASTM D4594-96(2009)

Standard Test Method for Effects of Temperature on Stability of Geotextiles

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used for evaluating the relative effects of temperature on geotextiles manufactured from different polymers, by a different manufacturing process, or both.
During shipping and storage, the geotextile may be exposed to abnormal temperatures. The fabric could be tested at these temperatures to determine the detrimental effects of these conditions on the strength properties.
This test method may also be used to evaluate the cyclic effects of temperature (freeze-thaw), that is, samples can be conditioned to below normal temperatures (below freezing) and then to above normal temperatures (elevated temperatures) for a given number of cycles. Strength characteristics can be determined after these cyclic exposures.
Most nonwoven, woven, and composite fabric can be tested by this method. Modification of the techniques is likely to be necessary for any fabric having a strength in excess of 179 kg/cm (1000 lb/in.) width. This test method is not recommended for knitted fabrics.
This test method is an index test method and is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, since information on between laboratory precision has not been established. In some cases the purchaser and seller may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more geotextiles by the best available method, even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments. A comparative test performed as directed in 5.5.1 may be advisable.
In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D 4594 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogenous as possible and that are from a lot of material...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a procedure for determining the effects of climatic temperature on the tensile strength and elongation properties of geotextiles.
1.2 The effect of temperature on the stability of geotextiles is reported as the change in tensile strength and elongation between tests performed as directed in Test Method D 5035, in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, and tests performed under conditions at which the geotextile is expected to perform in the field.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 7.1.1-7.1.3.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2009
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.02 - Endurance Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4594-96(2003) - Standard Test Method for Effects of Temperature on Stability of Geotextiles
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4594 − 96(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Effects of Temperature on Stability of Geotextiles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4594; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 temperature stability, n—for a geotextile, the percent
change in tensile strength or in percent elongation as measured
1.1 This test method provides a procedure for determining
at a specified temperature and compared to values obtained at
the effects of climatic temperature on the tensile strength and
the standard conditions for testing geotextiles.
elongation properties of geotextiles.
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
1.2 The effect of temperature on the stability of geotextiles
refer to Terminology D123 and Terminology D4439.
is reported as the change in tensile strength and elongation
between tests performed as directed in Test Method D5035,in
4. Summary of Test Method
the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, and tests per-
4.1 Specimens of a geotextile are conditioned at selected
formed under conditions at which the geotextile is expected to
temperaturesinanenvironmentalchamberattachedtoatensile
perform in the field.
testing machine. While maintaining these temperatures, 2 in.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
cut or ravel strip tensile tests are performed as directed in Test
standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are provided
Method D5035. The same tests are conducted as control under
for information only.
the standard laboratory test conditions. Tensile strength and
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
percent elongation properties obtained at various test tempera-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tures are recorded. Changes in strength characteristics due to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the effects of temperature are determined.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2 The temperatures used for conditioning and testing the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 7.1.1-7.1.3.
geotextiles are the temperatures at which the geotextile will
perform or are typically exposed to in the field.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
D76Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
5.1 This test method is used for evaluating the relative
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
effects of temperature on geotextiles manufactured from dif-
D4354Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
ferent polymers, by a different manufacturing process, or both.
D4439Terminology for Geosynthetics
5.2 During shipping and storage, the geotextile may be
D5035Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
exposed to abnormal temperatures. The fabric could be tested
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
at these temperatures to determine the detrimental effects of
3. Terminology these conditions on the strength properties.
3.1 Definitions: 5.3 Thistestmethodmayalsobeusedtoevaluatethecyclic
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geotextiles, n—air maintained effects of temperature (freeze-thaw), that is, samples can be
at relative humidity of 50 to 70% and at a temperature of 21 conditioned to below normal temperatures (below freezing)
6 2°C (70 6 4°F). andthentoabovenormaltemperatures(elevatedtemperatures)
for a given number of cycles. Strength characteristics can be
determined after these cyclic exposures.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
5.4 Most nonwoven, woven, and composite fabric can be
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endur-
ance Properties.
tested by this method. Modification of the techniques is likely
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2009.PublishedJuly2009.Originallyapproved
to be necessary for any fabric having a strength in excess of
in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4594–96 (2003). DOI:
179 kg/cm (1000 lb/in.) width. This test method is not
10.1520/D4594-96R09.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or recommended for knitted fabrics.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.5 This test method is an index test method and is not
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. recommendedforacceptancetestingofcommercialshipments,
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4594 − 96 (2009)
sinceinformationonbetweenlaboratoryprecisionhasnotbeen be avoided if possible; otherwise, use cautiously in a well
established.Insomecasesthepurchaserandsellermayhaveto ventilated area away from open flame.
test a commercial shipment of one or more geotextiles by the
best available method, even though the method has not been 8. Sampling
recommendedforacceptancetestingofcommercialshipments.
8.1 Division into Lots and Lot Sample—Unless otherwise
A comparative test performed as directed in 5.5.1 may be
agreed upon as in an applicable material specification, divide
advisable.
the material into lots and take a lot sample as directed in
5.5.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
Practice D4354. Consider rolls of fabric to be the primary
reported test results when using Test Method D4594 for
sampling units.
acceptancetestingofcommercialshipments,thepurchaserand
8.2 Laboratory Sample—Take for the laboratory sample, a
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
swatch extending the width of the fabric and approximately 1
there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent
m(1yd)alongtheselvagefromeachrollinthelotsample.The
statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of
swatch may be taken from the end portion of a roll provided
bias.Asaminimum,thetwopartiesshouldtakeagroupoftest
there is no evidence that it is distorted or different from other
specimens that are as homogenous as possible and that are
portions of the roll. In cases of dispute, take a swatch that will
from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
excludefabricfromtheouterwrapoftherollortheinnerwrap
specimensshouldthenberandomlyassignedinequalnumbers
around the core.
toeachlaboratoryfortesting.Theaverageresultsfromthetwo
laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for
8.3 Test Specimens—For the standard conditions and for
unpaireddataandanacceptableprobabilitylevelchosenbythe
each test temperature to which the geotextile is to be exposed,
twopartiesbeforethetestingisbegun.Ifabiasisfound,either
cut five specimens at lea
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