ASTM E1981-98(2004)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Assessing the Thermal Stability of Materials by Methods of Accelerating Rate Calorimetry
Standard Guide for Assessing the Thermal Stability of Materials by Methods of Accelerating Rate Calorimetry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The data from this guide seldom, if ever, directly simulate thermal and pressure events in the processing, storage, and shipping of chemicals. However, the data obtained from this guide may be used, with suitable precautions, to predict the thermal and pressure hazards associated with processing, storage, and shipping of a chemical or mixture of chemicals after appropriate scaling of the data. This has been addressed in the literature (1-9) but is beyond the scope of this guide.
This guide is suitable, under the proper conditions, for the investigation of the effects of catalyst, inhibitors, initiators, reaction atmospheres, materials of construction, or, if available, agitation (see 6.1.2).
Interpretation of the time-temperature or time-pressure data may be possible for relatively simple systems through the use of suitable temperature-dependent kinetic theories such as the Arrhenius and Absolute Reaction Rate theories (10-11).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers suggested procedures for the operation of a calorimetric device designed to obtain temperature and pressure data as a function of time for systems undergoing a physicochemical change under nearly adiabatic conditions.
1.2 This guide outlines the calculation of thermodynamic parameters from the time, temperature, and pressure data recorded by a calorimetric device.
1.3 The assessment outlined in this guide may be used over a pressure range from full vacuum to the rated pressure of the reaction container and pressure transducer. The temperature range of the calorimeter typically varies from ambient to 500&176C, but also may be user specified (see 6.6).
1.4 This statement does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are outlined in Section 7.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1981 − 98(Reapproved 2004)
Standard Guide for
Assessing Thermal Stability of Materials by Methods of
1
Accelerating Rate Calorimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1981; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This guide is one of several standards being developed byASTM Committee E27 for determining
the physicochemical hazards of chemicals and chemical mixtures. This guide should be used in
conjunction with other test methods, as a complete assessment of the hazard potential of chemicals
must take into account a number of realistic factors not necessarily considered in this guide. The
expression hazard potential as used by this committee is defined as the degree of susceptibility of
material to ignition or release of energy under varying environmental conditions.
It is the intent of this guide to include any calorimetric device consistent with the principles of
adiabatic calorimetry. Device-specific information and specifications are located in appendices to the
guide. Any reference to specific devices in the guide are for purposes of illustration or clarity only.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This guide covers suggested procedures for the opera- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion of a calorimetric device designed to obtain temperature E476 Test Method for Thermal Instability of Confined Con-
and pressure data as a function of time for systems undergoing densed Phase Systems (Confinement Test) (Withdrawn
3
a physicochemical change under nearly adiabatic conditions. 2008)
E487 Test Method for Constant-Temperature Stability of
1.2 This guide outlines the calculation of thermodynamic
Chemical Materials
parameters from the time, temperature, and pressure data
E537 Test Method for The Thermal Stability of Chemicals
recorded by a calorimetric device.
by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
1.3 The assessment outlined in this guide may be used over
E680 Test Method for Drop Weight Impact Sensitivity of
a pressure range from full vacuum to the rated pressure of the
Solid-Phase Hazardous Materials
reaction container and pressure transducer. The temperature
E698 Test Method for Arrhenius Kinetic Constants for
range of the calorimeter typically varies from ambient to
Thermally Unstable Materials Using Differential Scan-
500°C, but also may be user specified (see 6.6).
ning Calorimetry and the Flynn/Wall/Ozawa Method
1.4 This statement does not purport to address all of the
E1231 Practice for Calculation of Hazard Potential Figures-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the of-Merit for Thermally Unstable Materials
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety practices and to determine the applicability of 3. Terminology
regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
are outlined in Section 7.
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E27 on Hazard For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Potential of Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E27.02 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Thermal Stability and Condensed Phases. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originally the ASTM website.
3
published in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E1981 - 98. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/E1981-98R04. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1981 − 98 (2004)
3.1.1 adiabatic calorimeter, n—an instrument capable of referenced from the time corresponding to the onset tempera-
making calorimetric measurements while maintaining a mini- ture, but may also be referenced from any time-temperature
mal heat loss or gain between the sample and its environment, point to the time at which the maximum self-heating or
which is verifiable by the capability to continuously measure pressure rate occurs. The experimentally observed TMR is
the temperature differential between the sample and its sur- normally divided by the thermal inertia factor (see 3.1.10)to
roundings. obtain a more conservative assessment ofTMR. (TMR divided
by the thermal inertia factor is often referred to as the
3.1.2 autocatalytic reaction, n—a chemical reaction in
“φ-corrected” TMR).
wh
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.