ASTM E4-99

Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines

SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover procedures for the force verification, by means of standard calibration devices, of tension or compression, or both, static or quasi-static testing machines (which may, or may not, have force-indicating systems). These practices are not intended to be complete purchase specifications for testing machines. Testing machines may be verified by one of the three following methods or combination thereof:
1.1.1 Use of standard weights,
1.1.2 Use of equal-arm balances and standard weights, or
1.1.3 Use of elastic calibration devices.
Note 1--These practices do not cover the verification of all types of testing machines designed to measure forces, for example, the constant-rate-of-loading type which operates on the inclined-plane principle. This type of machine may be verified as directed in the applicable appendix of Specification D76.
1.2 The procedures of 1.1.1 - 1.1.3 apply to the verification of the force-indicating systems associated with the testing machine, such as a scale, dial, marked or unmarked recorder chart, digital display, etc. In all cases the buyer/owner/user must designate the force-indicating system(s) to be verified and included in the report.
1.3 Since conversion factors are not required in this practice, either inch-pound units, SI units, or metric values can be used as the standard.
1.4 Forces indicated on displays/printouts of testing machine data systems-be they instantaneous, delayed, stored, or retransmitted-which are verified with provisions of 1.1.1, 1.1.2 or 1.1.3 , and are within the 1 % accuracy requirement, comply with Practices E4.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Apr-2001
• ICS: 19.060 - Mechanical testing
• Technical Committee: E28 - Mechanical Testing
• Drafting Committee: E28.01 - Calibration of Mechanical Testing Machines and Apparatus

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM E4-01 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E2004-18 - Standard Test Method for Facing Cleavage of Sandwich Panels
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C880/C880M-18e1 - Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Dimension Stone
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D6464-03a(2017) - Standard Specification for Expandable Foam Adhesives for Fastening Gypsum Wallboard to Wood Framing
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D6958-20 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Side-Bonding Potential of Wood Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D7958/D7958M-17 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Performance for FRP Composite Bonded to Concrete Substrate using Beam Test
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM B769-11(2021) - Standard Test Method for Shear Testing of Aluminum Alloys
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM B533-85(2019) - Standard Test Method for Peel Strength of Metal Electroplated Plastics
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM F2282-18 - Standard Specification for Quality Assurance Requirements for Carbon and Alloy Steel Wire, Rods, and Bars for Mechanical Fasteners
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E1922/E1922M-22 - Standard Test Method for Translaminar Fracture Toughness of Laminated and Pultruded Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1499-19 - Standard Test Method for Monotonic Equibiaxial Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D7205/D7205M-21 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1684-18(2023) - Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature—Cylindrical Rod Strength
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM B986-13(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Tensile Strength by Mass Method for Stranded Conductors Intended for use in Electronic Application
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E399-23 - Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:E4–99 American Association State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standards
AASHTO No: T67
An American National Standard
Standard Practices for
1
Force Verification of Testing Machines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 4; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 These practices cover procedures for the force verifica- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion, by means of standard calibration devices, of tension or D 76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Tex-
2
compression, or both, static or quasi-static testing machines tiles
(which may, or may not, have force-indicating systems). These E 74 Practice for Calibration of Force Measuring Instru-
practices are not intended to be complete purchase specifica- ments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Ma-
3
tions for testing machines. Testing machines may be verified by chines
one of the three following methods or combination thereof: E 467 Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dy-
1.1.1 Use of standard weights, namic Loads on Displacements in an Axial Load Fatigue
3
1.1.2 Use of equal-arm balances and standard weights, or Testing System
1.1.3 Use of elastic calibration devices.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—These practices do not cover the verification of all types of
3.1 Definitions:
testing machines designed to measure forces, for example, the constant-
3.1.1 testing machine (force-measuring type)—a mechani-
rate-of-loading type which operates on the inclined-plane principle. This
cal device for applying a force to a specimen.
type of machine may be verified as directed in the applicable appendix of
Specification D 76.
3.1.1.1 portable testing machine (force-measuring type)—a
device specifically designed to be moved from place to place
1.2 The procedures of 1.1.1-1.1.3 apply to the verification of
and for applying a force (load) to a specimen.
the force-indicating systems associated with the testing ma-
3.1.2 tension testing machine, CRT (constant-rate-
chine, such as a scale, dial, marked or unmarked recorder chart,
oftraverse)—a mechanical device for applying a load (force) to
digital display, etc. In all cases the buyer/owner/user must
a specimen and in which the force is measured by means of a
designate the force-indicating system(s) to be verified and
pendulum.
included in the report.
3.1.3 force—in the case of testing machines, a force mea-
1.3 Since conversion factors are not required in this prac-
sured in units such as pound-force, newton, or kilogram-force.
tice, either inch-pound units, SI units, or metric values can be
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The pound-force is that force which
used as the standard.
acting on a 1-lb mass will give to it an acceleration of 9.80665
1.4 Forces indicated on displays/printouts of testing ma-
2 2
m/s (32.1740 ft/s ). The newton is that force which acting on
chine data systems—be they instantaneous, delayed, stored, or
2
a 1-kg mass will give to it an acceleration of 1 m/s .
retransmitted—which are verified with provisions of 1.1.1,
3.1.4 accuracy—the specified permissible variation from
1.1.2, or 1.1.3, and are within the 61 % accuracy requirement,
the correct value. A testing machine is said to be accurate if the
comply with Practices E 4.
indicated force is within the specified permissible variation
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
from the actual force.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.4.1 Discussion—In these methods the word “accurate”
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
applied to a testing machine is used without numerical values,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
for example, “An accurate testing machine was used for the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
investigation.” The accuracy of a testing machine should not be
confused with sensitivity. For example, a testing machine
might be very sensitive; that is, it might indicate quickly and
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-28 on definitely small changes in force, but nevertheless, be very
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.01 on
inaccurate. On the other hand, the accuracy of the results is in
Calibration of Mechanical Testing Machines and Apparatus.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 1999. Published April 1999. Originally
published as E4–23T. Last previous edition E4–98. 2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
3
Annua
...