ASTM E3072-19
(Terminology)Standard Terminology for Industrial Biotechnology
Standard Terminology for Industrial Biotechnology
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is a repository for the terms, and their standardized definitions, as relates to the technical standards generated by Committee E62 on Industrial Biotechnology. The meanings and explanations of the technical terms have been written for both the nonexpert and the expert user.
1.2 At a minimum, this terminology is updated annually (at a time corresponding to the publication of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards containing this terminology standard) to include editorially any terms approved in the committee’s technical standards.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: E3072 − 19
Standard Terminology for
1
Industrial Biotechnology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3072; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope applied biology, n—the application of the theories and prin-
ciples of biology for practical purposes.
1.1 This terminology is a repository for the terms, and their
standardized definitions, as relates to the technical standards
biocatalyst, n—enzyme, nucleic acid, or organism capable of
generated by Committee E62 on Industrial Biotechnology. The
accelerating a chemical reaction or conversion.
meanings and explanations of the technical terms have been
written for both the nonexpert and the expert user. biochemical, n—chemical produced by biological systems.
1.2 At a minimum, this terminology is updated annually (at
bioprocess, n—a process requiring a biocatalyst.
a time corresponding to the publication of theAnnual Book of
bioproduct, n—material or product derived from a biological
ASTM Standards containing this terminology standard) to
source or through a biological process.
include editorially any terms approved in the committee’s
technical standards.
biorefining, v—processing systems using physical, biological
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(for example, fermentation), chemical methods, or combina-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tions of these, by which biobased products are separated into
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
partially or fully purified fractions, which may be further
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
converted into new chemical entities.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
enzyme, n—protein-based molecule that is capable of catalyz-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
ing a chemical reaction.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
exon, n—part of an open reading frame that encodes any part
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
of the final gene product.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
fermentation, n—the biochemical reaction process where
microorganisms in a nutrient medium convert a feedstock to
2. Referenced Documents
a product. (E2363)
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
genome, n—the sum of all genetic material within an
E2363 Terminology Relating to ProcessAnalytical Technol-
organism, composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or
ogy in the Pharmaceutical Industry
ribonucleic acid (RNA) arranged into sequences that direct
3. Terminology the expression and function of the proteins in the organism.
aerobic fermentation, n—fermentation processes that require
genome-edited organism, n—an organism containing a ge-
the presence of oxygen. (E2363)
nome altered through the process of genome-editing.
DISCUSSION—Gene-edited organisms can be either cisgenic or
anaerobic fermentation, n—fermentation processes con-
transgenic, depending on the nature of the genomic alterations.
ducted in the absence of oxygen. (E2363)
genome editing, v—The introduction of precise changes to the
DNA sequence of an organism at defined locations within a
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E62 on
genome.
Industrial Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E62.91 on Terminology.
DISCUSSION—Gene edits can involve alteration of a single base pair,
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2019. Published March 2019. Originally
or the deletion or addition of longer DNA sequences, including entire
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as E3072–18. DOI:
genes.
10.1520/E3072–19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
genotype, n—The portion of genetic material within an organ-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ism which determines the expression of a specific character-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. istic (phenotype).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3072 − 19
interactome, n—The set of all interactions between molecules process yield, n—amount of product output of interest from a
within a cell, tissue, organism or ecosystem. single-ormulti-stepprocessexpressedasapercent
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E3072 − 18 E3072 − 19
Standard Terminology for
1
Industrial Biotechnology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3072; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology is a repository for the terms, and their standardized definitions, as relates to the technical standards
generated by Committee E62 on Industrial Biotechnology. The meanings and explanations of the technical terms have been written
for both the nonexpert and the expert user.
1.2 At a minimum, this terminology is updated annually (at a time corresponding to the publication of the Annual Book of
ASTM Standards containing this terminology standard) to include editorially any terms approved in the committee’s technical
standards.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E2363 Terminology Relating to Process Analytical Technology in the Pharmaceutical Industry
3. Terminology
aerobic fermentation, n—fermentation processes that requiresrequire the presence of oxygen. (E2363)
anaerobic fermentation, n—fermentation processes conducted in the absence of oxygen. (E2363)
applied biology, n—the application of the theories and principles of biology for practical purposes.
biocatalyst, n—enzyme, nucleic acid, or organism capable of accelerating a chemical reaction or conversion.
biochemical, n—chemical produced by biological systems.
bioprocess, n—a process requiring a biocatalyst.
bioproduct, n—material or product derived from a biological source or through a biological process.
biorefining, v—processing systems using physical, biological (for example, fermentation), chemical methods, or combinations of
these, by which biobased products are separated into partially or fully purified fractions, which may be further converted into
new chemical entities.
enzyme, n—protein-based molecule that is capable of catalyzing a chemical reaction.
lignocellulosic biomass, exon, n—biomass consisting predominantly of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, for example, wood
and structural vegetative components, such as plant stems.part of an open reading frame that encodes any part of the final gene
product.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E62 on Industrial Biotechnology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E62.91 on Terminology.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2018Jan. 1, 2019. Published March 2018March 2019. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 20172018 as
E3072–16.–18. DOI: 10.1520/E3072–1810.1520/E3072–19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3072 − 19
fermentation, n—the biochemical reaction process where microorganisms in a nutrient medium convert a feedstock to a product.
(E2363)
genome, n—the sum of all genetic material within an organism, composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid
(RNA) arranged into sequences that direct the expression and function of the proteins in the organism.
genome-edited organism, n—an organism containing a genome altered through the process of genome-editing.
DISCUSSION—
Gene-edited organisms can be either cisgenic or transgenic, depending on the nature of the genomic alterations.
genome editing, v—The introduction of precise changes to the DNA sequence of an organism at defined locations within a
genome.
DISCUSSION—
Gene edi
...
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