ASTM D6795-19ae1

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils After Treatment with Water and Dry Ice and a Short (30 min) Heating Time

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 It is normal for some of the combustion products of an internal combustion engine to penetrate into the engine lubricant and be retained in it.  
5.2 When an engine is run for a period of time and then stored over a long period of time, the by-products of combustion might be retained in the oil in a liquefied state.  
5.3 Under these circumstances, precipitates can form that impair the filterability of the oil the next time the engine is run.  
5.4 This test method subjects the test oil and the new oil to the same treatments such that the loss of filterability can be determined.  
5.5 Reference oils, on which the data obtained by this test method is known, are available.  
5.6 This test method requires that a reference oil also be tested and results reported. Two oils are available, one known to give a low and one known to give a high data value for this test method.
Note 1: When the new oil test results are to be offered as candidate oil test results for a specification, such as Specification D4485, the specification will state maximum allowable loss of filterability (flow reduction) of the test oil as compared to the new oil.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of an oil to form a precipitate that can plug an oil filter. It simulates a problem that may be encountered in a new engine run for a short period of time, followed by a long period of storage with some water in the oil.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2019
• ICS: 75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.B0 - Automotive Lubricants

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D4485-18 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Refers: ASTM D4485-16 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2016
• Refers: ASTM D4485-15a - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2015
• Refers: ASTM D4485-15 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2015
• Refers: ASTM D4485-14 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2014
• Refers: ASTM D4485-11b - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2011
• Refers: ASTM D4485-11a - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2011
• Refers: ASTM D4057-06(2011) - Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2011
• Refers: ASTM D4485-11 - Standard Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Refers: ASTM D4485-10a - Standard Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Refers: ASTM D4485-10 - Standard Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Refers: ASTM D4485-09 - Standard Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2009
• Refers: ASTM D5862-09 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Two-Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA Diesel Engine (Withdrawn 2009)
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2009
• Refers: ASTM D4485-07a - Standard Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2007
• Refers: ASTM D4485-07 - Standard Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
• Effective Date: 01-May-2007

Overview

ASTM D6795-19ae1 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils After Treatment with Water and Dry Ice and a Short (30 min) Heating Time is a critical international standard developed by ASTM International. This test method evaluates how engine oils behave under conditions that may cause the formation of precipitates, affecting the filterability of the oil. Specifically, it simulates issues that can arise when a new internal combustion engine is operated briefly, then stored for an extended period with some water present in the oil. This scenario can lead to the retention of combustion by-products in a liquefied state within the oil, which, upon subsequent use, may result in precipitate formation that impairs oil filter performance.

Key Topics

• Significance of Oil Filterability: Ensures engine oils maintain proper flow and do not form blockages during storage and subsequent engine use, which can lead to engine damage or inefficiency.
• Simulated Engine Oil Storage Conditions: Recreates real-world scenarios involving water contamination and temperature changes, which are common causes of oil degradation and filter clogging.
• Assessment of Precipitate Formation: Measures the tendency of precipitates to plug oil filters after being subjected to water, dry ice, and heating.
• Reference and Candidate Oils: Involves comparison of test oils against reference oils with known filterability characteristics, supporting consistency across laboratories.
• Use of Calibration and Quality Control: Laboratories are encouraged to use ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) services for calibration and use reference oils for quality assurance, ensuring reliable and repeatable test results.

Applications

ASTM D6795-19ae1 is highly valuable in several practical contexts throughout the engine oil and automotive industries:

• Engine Oil Quality Control: Oil manufacturers utilize this method to evaluate the robustness of their engine oil formulations against conditions that induce filter clogging, especially for engines subject to intermittent use and prolonged storage.
• Specification Compliance: Supports compliance with engine oil specifications, including those that set maximum allowable loss of filterability or flow reduction as defined in related ASTM specifications, such as D4485.
• Research and Development: Engineers and formulators use the test to screen new or improved lubricating oil additives designed to resist precipitate formation and enhance filterability.
• Lubricant Registration and Qualification: Required by organizations such as the American Chemistry Council and the American Petroleum Institute (API) for oil qualification and registration, ensuring only oils with acceptable filterability characteristics reach the market.
• Comparative Testing: Laboratories can compare candidate oils against reference oils under standardized conditions to assess performance and support internal or regulatory requirements.
• Fleet and Engine Manufacturer Assessments: Enables fleet operators and engine manufacturers to recommend or specify oils that are less prone to filter clogging, improving maintenance intervals and equipment reliability.

Related Standards

For comprehensive oil filterability assessment and quality assurance, users of ASTM D6795-19ae1 may also reference the following ASTM standards:

• ASTM D1193 - Specification for Reagent Water, ensuring testing water purity.
• ASTM D4057 - Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products, providing guidance on oil sampling techniques.
• ASTM D4485 - Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils, which often incorporates filterability as a specification requirement.
• ASTM D5844 (Withdrawn) and ASTM D5862 (Withdrawn) - Earlier test methods on engine oil durability and evaluation.

By adhering to ASTM D6795-19ae1, laboratories, oil manufacturers, and engine engineers can accurately assess the filterability of engine oils after simulated storage and water contamination, ensuring high-quality lubricant performance and longer-lasting engine operation. This standard is essential for maintaining the reliability, efficiency, and safety of modern internal combustion engines.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation: D6795 − 19a
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils After
Treatment with Water and Dry Ice and a Short (30 min)
Heating Time
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6795; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorially updated TMC governance information in June 2022.
INTRODUCTION
Portions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM Test
Monitoring Center (TMC) services (see Annex A1).
TheTMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desire
to produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previously
calibrated by the TMC.
In general, the Test Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such as
theAmerican Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize theTMC services as part of their test
registration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant Review
Committee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use the
TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.
The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (and
hence the Test Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of test
severity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may not
be the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.
Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.
1. Scope* responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ten-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
dency of an oil to form a precipitate that can plug an oil filter.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Itsimulatesaproblemthatmaybeencounteredinanewengine
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
run for a short period of time, followed by a long period of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
storage with some water in the oil.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
standard.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1 D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Petroleum Products
Subcommittee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
D4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service
Current edition approved July 1, 2019. Published July 2019. Originally approved
Category Engine Oils
in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D6795 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/
D6795-19AE01.
ASTMTestMonitoringCenter,203ArmstrongDrive,Freeport,PA16229.This
test method is supplemented by Information Letters and Memoranda issued by the For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ASTM Test Monitoring Center. This edition includes all information letters through contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
No. 18-1. Users of this test method can contact the ASTM Test Monitoring Center Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
to obtain the most recent of these. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D6795 − 19a
D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine 5. Significance and Use
Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn
5.1 It is normal for some of the combustion products of an
2003)
internal combustion engine to penetrate into the engine lubri-
D5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Two-
cant and be retained in it.
Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TADiesel Engine
5.2 When an engine is run for a period of time and then
(Withdrawn 2009)
stored over a long period of time, the by-products of combus-
tion might be retained in the oil in a liquefied state.
3. Terminology
5.3 Under these circumstances, precipitates can form that
3.1 Definitions:
impair the filterability of the oil the next time the engine is run.
3.1.1 calibrate, v—todeterminetheindicationoroutputofa
device (e.g., thermometer, manometer, engine) with respect to
5.4 This test method subjects the test oil and the new oil to
that of a standard.
the same treatments such that the loss of filterability can be
3.1.2 calibration test, n—a test, using a coded reference oil, determined.
conducted as specified in the test method.
5.5 Reference oils, on which the data obtained by this test
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The test result is used to determine the
method is known, are available.
suitability of the testing facility/laboratory to conduct such
5.6 This test method requires that a reference oil also be
tests on non-reference oils.
tested and results reported. Two oils are available, one known
3.1.3 candidate oil, n—an oil that is intended to have the
to give a low and one known to give a high data value for this
performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification
test method.
and is tested against that specification. D5844
NOTE 1—When the new oil test results are to be offered as candidate oil
test results for a specification, such as Specification D4485, the specifi-
3.1.4 engine oil, n—a liquid that reduces friction or wear, or
cation will state maximum allowable loss of filterability (flow reduction)
both, between the moving parts within an engine; removes
of the test oil as compared to the new oil.
heat, particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as
a combustion gas sealant for the piston rings.
6. Apparatus
3.1.4.1 Discussion—It may contain additives to enhance
6.1 The apparatus consists of a 25 mLburette, a filter holder
certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit
with 25 µm automotive oil filter paper, and a source of 69 kPa
formation, valve train wear, oil oxidation, and foaming are
6 2 kPa air pressure. Discs of filter paper are cut to fit the
examples. D5862
holder and installed (see Fig. 1).
3.1.5 non-reference oil, n—any oil other than a reference
6.1.1 Burette (glass or plastic), 25 mL, with polytetrafluo-
oil–such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-
roethylene (PTFE) stopcock and 1.8 mm 6 0.1 mm burette tip
date oil. D5844
opening.
3.1.6 reference oil, n—an oil of known performance
6.1.2 Air Regulator, capable of regulating air to a pressure
characteristics, used as a basis for comparison.
of 69 kPa 6 2 kPa.
3.1.6.1 Discussion—Reference oils are used to calibrate
6.1.3 Filter Holder, with effective filter area approximately
testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or
0.8 cm .
to evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact with
6.1.4 Automotive Oil Filter Paper, 25 mm, (25 µm poros-
oils. D5844
ity).
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6.2 Blender, capable of 18 000 r⁄min 6 10 % without the
3.2.1 effective filter area, n—that surface of a test filter that
container.
can receive the material to be filtered.
6.2.1 Timer, capable of timing 30 s 61s.
3.2.2 new oil, n—an unused oil having the identical formu-
6.3 Container, 250 mL, with blade compatible with the
lation and base stock as the test oil.
blender.
3.2.3 test oil, n—the new oil with water added and dry ice
6.4 Syringe, 1000 µL.
added.
6.5 Dry Ice (solid carbon dioxide).
3.2.3.1 Discussion—A potential precipitate in the test oil is
induced by heating the oil and aging.
6.6 Mechanical Convection Oven, capable of maintaining
70 °C 6 1 °C.
4. Summary of Test Method
6.7 Sensors (or equivalent timing devices), capable of mea-
4.1 The test oil is treated with deionized water and dry ice.
suring sequential events to 1 s resolution.
The sample is heated to 70 °C for 30 min, followed by storage
at room temperature. The sample is filtered and the flow rate is
calculated determining the engine oil filterability characteris-
The sole source of supply of the automotive oil filter paper known to the
tics.
committee at this time is The Central Parts Distributor, OH Technologies Inc., P.O.
Box5039,Mentor,OH44061-5039.Ifyouareawareofalternativesuppliers,please
provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will
4 1
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,
www.astm.org. which you may attend.
´1
D6795 − 19a
NOTE 1—Filter holder has approximate area of 0.8 cm . It contains automotive oil filter paper (25 µm porosity).
FIG. 1 Apparatus to Measure Engine Oil Filterability
6.8 Glass Jars, 60 mL, wide-mouth, with inert lined lids. 7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
towatershallbeunderstoodtomeanSpecificationD1193Type
NOTE 2—Paperbacked lids may detach from lid and are not suggested
III deionized water or water of equivalent purity.
for use.
7.3 TMC Reference Oils—These are available from the Test
6.9 Tubing, inert tubing used to connect to burette.
Monitoring Center.
6.9.1 Air Regulator Tubing, flexible tubing to prevent air
from leaking from the air supply to the burette.
8. Sampling
6.9.2 Filter Holder Tubing, flexible tubing used to connect
burette tip to filter holder.
8.1 Take samples in accordance with the instructions in
Practice D4057.
7. Reagents
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Use reagent grade chemicals in all
9. Preparation of Test Oil Sample and Filter
tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents
9.1 Add 49.7 g 6 0.1 g of test oil, 0.3 g 6 0.05 g of
shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on
deionized water using the 1000 µL syringe, and approximately
AnalyticalReagentsoftheAmericanChemicalSociety, where
10 g of dry ice in the blender, and mix for 30 s 6 1s at
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used,
18 000 r⁄min 6 10 %. Cover the top of the container loosely to
provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
prevent oil spattering while allowing rapid vaporization of the
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of
dry ice.
the determination.
9.2 Transfer the sample to a 60 mL wide-mouth glass jar
and place the loosely capped ( ⁄4 turn) bottle in an oven at
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
70.0 °C 6 1.0 °C for 30 min 6 2 min. Remove from the oven,
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
tighten cap, and allow to cool to room temperature, 20 °C to
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
24 °C.
and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., (USPC), Rockville,
MD. 9.3 Store in dark at room temperature, 20 °C to 24 °C.
´1
D6795 − 19a
9.4 Within 48 h 6 2 h of removing the sample from the 12. TMC Reference Oil Testing
oven, determine the filterability (see 10.1) of the sample.
12.1 Test a TMC-coded reference oil along with each batch
of non-reference oil tests. Run the reference oil simultaneously
9.5 Dry filters in an oven at 70 °C 6 2 °C for 30 min 6
with, and in the same batch as, the non-reference oils.
2 min and store in a desiccator until used.
NOTE 3—AnnexA1 discusses the involvement of theASTMTMC with
10. Procedure
respect to the reference test-monitoring program.
10.1 Assemble apparatus as shown in Fig. 1 with filter
12.1.1 Prior to conducting a reference oil test, procure a
installed in proper orientation (25 µm smooth side up). supplyofreferenceoilsdirectlyfromtheTMC.Theseoilshave
been formulated or selected to represent specific chemistry
10.2 Determine the new oil flow rate by placing a sample of
types, or performance levels, or both. Each reference oil
the new oil in the burette. Pressurize the system and force at
sample is identified using a unique set of identification codes
least10 mLofoilthroughthefiltertosaturatethefilterwithoil
on the container labels. The coded reference samples provide
and remove any air bubbles. Disconnect the air line and fill the
for a blind reference-testing program to protect against the
burette with new oil to a level 1 cm to 2 cm above the 0 mark.
possibility of bias in
...