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ASTM D6795-19ae1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils After Treatment with Water and Dry Ice and a Short (30 min) Heating Time

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils After Treatment with Water and Dry Ice and a Short (30 min) Heating Time

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 It is normal for some of the combustion products of an internal combustion engine to penetrate into the engine lubricant and be retained in it.  
5.2 When an engine is run for a period of time and then stored over a long period of time, the by-products of combustion might be retained in the oil in a liquefied state.  
5.3 Under these circumstances, precipitates can form that impair the filterability of the oil the next time the engine is run.  
5.4 This test method subjects the test oil and the new oil to the same treatments such that the loss of filterability can be determined.  
5.5 Reference oils, on which the data obtained by this test method is known, are available.  
5.6 This test method requires that a reference oil also be tested and results reported. Two oils are available, one known to give a low and one known to give a high data value for this test method.
Note 1: When the new oil test results are to be offered as candidate oil test results for a specification, such as Specification D4485, the specification will state maximum allowable loss of filterability (flow reduction) of the test oil as compared to the new oil.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of an oil to form a precipitate that can plug an oil filter. It simulates a problem that may be encountered in a new engine run for a short period of time, followed by a long period of storage with some water in the oil.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Jun-2019
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0 - Automotive Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D4485-15 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
01-Apr-2015
Refers
ASTM D4485-15a - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
15-Apr-2015
Refers
ASTM D4485-18 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
01-Jul-2018
Refers
ASTM D4485-14 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
01-Dec-2014
Refers
ASTM D4485-16 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
15-Dec-2016

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ASTM D6795-19ae1 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils After Treatment with Water and Dry Ice and a Short (30 min) Heating TimeASTM D6795-19ae1 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils After Treatment with Water and Dry Ice and a Short (30 min) Heating Time
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ASTM D6795-19ae1 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils After Treatment with Water and Dry Ice and a Short (30 min) Heating Time
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation: D6795 − 19a
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils After
Treatment with Water and Dry Ice and a Short (30 min)
1
Heating Time
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6795; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially updated TMC governance information in June 2022.
INTRODUCTION
Portions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM Test
2
Monitoring Center (TMC) services (see Annex A1).
TheTMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desire
to produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previously
calibrated by the TMC.
In general, the Test Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such as
theAmerican Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize theTMC services as part of their test
registration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant Review
Committee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use the
TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.
The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (and
hence the Test Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of test
severity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may not
be the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.
Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.
1. Scope* responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ten-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
dency of an oil to form a precipitate that can plug an oil filter.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Itsimulatesaproblemthatmaybeencounteredinanewengine
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
run for a short period of time, followed by a long period of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
storage with some water in the oil.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
standard.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1 D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Petroleum Products
Subcommittee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
D4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service
Current edition approved July 1, 2019. Published July 2019. Originally approved
Category Engine Oils
in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D6795 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/
D6795-19AE01.
2
ASTMTestMonitoringCenter,203ArmstrongDrive,Freeport,PA16229.This
3
test method is supplemented by Information Letters and Memoranda issued by the For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ASTM Test Monitoring Center. This edition includes all information letters through contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
No. 18-1. Users of this test method can contact the ASTM Test Monitoring Center Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
to obtain the most recent of these. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D6795 − 19a
D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine 5. Significance and Use
Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn
5.1 It is normal for some of the combustion products of an
4
2003)
internal combustion engin
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates the oxidation stability of engine oils for gasoline automotive engines. This test, run at 160 °C, utilizes a high pressure reactor pressurized with oxygen along with a metal catalyst package, a fuel catalyst, and water in a partial simulation of the conditions to which an oil may be subjected in a gasoline combustion engine. This test method can be used for engine oils with viscosity in the range from 4 mm2/s (cSt) to 21 mm2/s (cSt) at 100 °C, including re-refined oils.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring, and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development.
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Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus and Installation  
6  
Intake Air System  
6.2.1  
Exhaust System  
6.2.2  
Fuel System  
6.2.3  
Oil Consumption System  
6.2.4  
Engine Oil System  
6.2.5  
Engine Coolant System  
6.2.6  
Engine Instrumentation  
6.2.7  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Oil Samples  
8  
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
General Engine Assembly Practices  
9.1  
Complete Engine Inspection  
9.2  
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9.3  
Engine Lubricant System Flush  
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9.5  
Engine Measurements and Inspections  
9.6  
Cylinder Head  
9.7  
Valve Guide Bushings  
9.8  
Fuel Injector  
9.9  
Piston and Rings  
9.10  
Cylinder Liner  
9.11  
Compression Ratio  
9.12  
Engine Timing  
9.13  
Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure  
9.14  
Calibration and Standardization  
10  
Test Cell Instrumentation  
10.1  
Instrumentation Standards  
10.2  
Coolant Flow  
10.3  
Fuel Injectors  
10.4  
Air Flow  
10.5  
Intake Air Barrel  
10.6  
Fuel Filter  
10.7  
Oil Scale Flow Rates  
10.8  
Test Stand Calibration  
10.9  
Re-calibration Requirements  
10.9.1  
Extending Test Stand Calibration Period  
10.9.2  
Test Run Numbering  
10.10  
Humidity Calibration Requirements  
10.11  
Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters  
10.12  
Procedure  
11  
Engine Break-in Procedure  
11.1  
Cool-down Procedure  
11.2  
Warm-up Procedure  
11.3  
Shutdowns and Lost Time  
11.4  
Periodic Measurements  
11.5  
Engine Control Systems  
11.6  
Engine Coolant  
11.6.1  
Engine Fuel System  
11.6.2  
Engine Oil Temperature  
11.6.3  
Exhaust Pressure  
11.6.4  
Intake Air  
11.6.5  
Post-Test Procedures  
11.7  
Piston Ring Side Clearances  
11.7.1  
Piston Ratings  
11.7.2  
Ring Gap End Increase  
11.7.3  
Cylinder Liner Wear  
11.7.4  
Cylinder Liner Bore Polish  
11.7.5  
Photographs  
11.7.6  
Calculation and Interpretation of Results  
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Test Validity  
12.1  
Calculations  
12.4  
Quality Index  
12.4.1  
Oil Consumption  
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1.1 This test method covers and is required to evaluate the performance of engine oils intended to satisfy certain American Petroleum Institute (API) C service categories (included in Specification D4485). It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.4 Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption is measured. The piston, the rings, and the liner are also examined for distress and the rings for mobility.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this standard does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety).  
1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus and Installation  
6  
Intake Air System  
6.2.1  
Exhaust System  
6.2.2  
Fuel System  
6.2.3  
Oil Consumption System  
6.2.4  
Engine Oil System  
6.2.5  
Oil Heating System  
6.2.5.1  
Oil Sample Valve  
6.2.5.2  
Engine Coolant System  
6.2.6  
Engine Instrumentation  
6.2.7  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Oil Samples  
8  
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
General Engine Assembly Practices  
9.1  
Complete Engine Inspection  
9.2  
Copper Components  
9.3  
Engine Lubricant System Flush  
9.4  
Engine Piston Cooling Jets  
9.5  
Engine Measurements and Inspections  
9.6  
Cylinder Head  
9.7  
Valve Guide Bushings  
9.8  
Fuel Injector  
9.9  
Piston and Rings  
9.10  
Cylinder Liner  
9.11  
Compression Ratio  
9.12  
Engine Timing  
9.13  
Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure  
9.14  
Calibration and Standardization  
10  
Test Cell Instrumentation  
10.1  
Instrumentation Standards  
10.2  
Coolant Flow  
10.3  
Re-calibration Requirements  
10.4  
Fuel Injectors  
10.5  
Air Flow  
10.6  
Intake Air Barrel  
10.7  
Fuel Filter  
10.8  
Oil Scale Flow Rates  
10.9  
Calibration of Test Stands  
10.10  
Extending Test Stand Calibration Period  
10.11  
Test Run Numbering  
10.13  
Humidity Calibration Requirements  
10.14  
Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters  
10.15  
Procedure  
11  
Engine Break-in Procedure  
11.1  
Cool-down Procedure  
11.2  
Warm-up Procedure  
11.3  
Shutdowns and Lost Time  
11.4  
Periodic Measurements  
11.5  
Engine Control Systems  
11.6  
Engine Coolant  
11.6.1  
Engine Fuel System  
11.6.2  
Engine Oil Temperature  
11.6.3  
Exhaust Pressure  
11.6.4  
Intake Air  
11.6.5  
Post-Test Procedures  
11.7  
Piston Ring Side Clearances  
11.7.1  
Piston Ratings  
11.7.2  
Referee Ratings  
11.7.3  
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ASTM D6750-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These are accelerated engine oil tests (known as the 1K and 1N test procedures), performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine using either mass fraction 0.4 % sulfur fuel (1K test) or mass fraction 0.04 % sulfur fuel (1N test), that give a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption.  
5.2 The 1K test was correlated with vehicles equipped with certain multi-cylinder direct injection engines used in heavy duty and high speed service prior to 1989, particularly with respect to aluminum piston deposits, and oil consumption, when fuel sulfur was nominally mass fraction 0.4 %. These data are given in Research Report RR:D02-1273.9  
5.3 The 1N test has been used to predict piston deposit formation in four-stroke cycle, direct injection, diesel engines that have been calibrated to meet 1994 U.S. federal exhaust emission requirements for heavy-duty engines operated on fuel containing less than mass fraction 0.05 % sulfur. See Research Report RR:D02-1321.9  
5.4 These test methods are used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category oils (API 1509).  
5.5 These test methods are also used in diesel engine oil development.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the performance of engine oils intended for use in certain diesel engines. They are performed in a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine by either the 1K (0.4 % mass fuel sulfur) or 1N (0.04 % mass fuel sulfur) procedure.3 The only difference in the two test methods is the fuel used. Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption are measured. Also, the piston, the rings, and the liner are examined for distress and the rings for mobility. These test methods are required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy API service categories CF-4 and CH-4 for 1K, and CG-4 for 1N of Specification D4485.  
1.2 These test methods, although based on the original Caterpillar 1K/1N procedures,3 also embody TMC information letters issued before these test methods were first published. These test methods are subject to frequent change. Until the next revision of these test methods, TMC will update changes in these test methods by the issuance of information letters which shall be obtained from TMC (see Annex A1 – Annex A4).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or single source equipment specified. Also Brake Specific Fuel Consumption is measured in kilograms per kilowatthour.  
1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:    
Section  
Introduction  
Scope  
1  
Referenced documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Methods  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
General Laboratory Requirements  
6.1  
Test Engine  
6.2  
Test Engine Accessories and Parts  
6.3  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Test Oil Sample Requirements  
8  
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
Engine Inspection  
9.1  
Engine Pre-Test Lubrication System Flush  
9.2  
Engine Pre-Test Measurements and Inspections  
9.3  
Engine Assembly  
9.4  
Pressure Testing of Fuel System Assembly  
9.5  
Calibration of Engine Test Stand  
10  
General Requirements and Frequency of Calibration  
10.1  
Runs  
10.2  
Specified Test Parameters  
10.3  
Calibration Test Acceptance Criteria  
10.4  
Action on Rejection of Calibration Test  
10.5  
Test Numbering  
10.6  
Reference Oils  
10.7  
Severity Adjustments  
10.8  
Engine Operating Procedure  
11  
...

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ASTM
ASTM D7549-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Engine Oils under High Output Conditions—Caterpillar C13 Test Procedure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method assesses the performance of an engine oil with respect to control of piston deposits and maintenance of oil consumption under heavy-duty operating conditions selected to accelerate deposit formation in a turbocharged, intercooled four-stroke-cycle diesel engine equipped with a combustion system that minimizes federally controlled exhaust gas emissions.  
5.2 The results from this test method may be compared against specification requirements to ascertain acceptance.  
5.3 The design of the test engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, needs to be considered when comparing test results against specification requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 The test method covers a heavy-duty engine test procedure under high output conditions to evaluate engine oil performance with regard to piston deposit formation, piston ring sticking and oil consumption control in a combustion environment designed to minimize exhaust emissions. This test method is commonly referred to as the Caterpillar C13 Heavy-Duty Engine Oil Test.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there are no SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Treads (NPT), and tubing sizes.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5770-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Semiquantitative Micro Determination of Acid Number of Lubricating Oils During Oxidation Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a semiquantitative estimate of the acid number of lubricating oils obtained from laboratory oxidation tests using smaller amounts of sample than Test Methods D974, D664, or D3339. It has specific application in Test Method D943 and in Test Method D4871. This test method, therefore, provides a means of monitoring the relative oxidation of lubricating oils by measuring changes in acid number, at different time intervals and under various oxidizing test conditions.  
5.2 Since this test method is semiquantitative, each laboratory shall develop its own criteria for each oxidation test method for determining when to switch from this semiquantitative test method to a more precise test method for acid number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a semiquantitative micro method intended for monitoring the changes in acidic constituents occurring in lubricating oils during oxidation testing, when the acid number of such oils falls within the range from 0.02 mg to 1.0 mg of potassium hydroxide per gram of sample. It is applicable to such oils as turbine oils, hydraulic oils, and other circulating oils.  
Note 1: This test method is a micro version of Test Method D974 and it produces results similar to that method.  
1.2 This test method is designed for use where sample size is limited. It shall not be used as a replacement for higher precision methods such as Test Methods D974 or D664. It shall not be used to monitor oils in-service.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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