ASTM D4966-22

Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2022
• ICS: 59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.60 - Fabric Physical Test Methods B

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D4158-08(2020) - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Uniform Abrasion)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4966 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion
1
Tester Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4966; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3885 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
Fabrics (Flexing and Abrasion Method)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abra-
D3886 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
sion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion
Fabrics (Inflated Diaphragm Apparatus)
tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and
D4157 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit
Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)
suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.
D4158 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
(Uniform Abrasion)
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Methods
and are not considered standard.
2.2 AATCC Methods and Procedures:
3
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the EP1 Evaluation Procedure for Gray Scale for Color Change
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
TM93 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Fabrics:
3
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Accelerator Method
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3. Terminology
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.60, Fabric Test
NOTE 1—For other current test methods of testing the abrasion
Methods, Specific, refer to Terminology D4850.
resistanceoftextilesrefertoTestMethodsD3884,D3885,D3886,D4157,
D4158, and AATCC TM93. 3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
abrasion, abrasion cycle, Lissajous figure, movement.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2 For all other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminol-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ogy D123.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.3 abrasion cycle, n—in abrasion testing, one or more
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
movements of the abradant across a material surface, or
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
movement of the material across the abradant, which permits a
return to its starting position.
2. Referenced Documents
3.3.1 Discussion—The abrasion cycle is dependent on the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
programmed motions of the abrasion machine and the test
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles standard used. It may consist of one back-and-forth unidirec-
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
tional movement such as for the flexing and abrasion test
D3884 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics method; a circular movement such as for the rotary platform
(Rotary Platform Abrader Method)
test method, or a combination of both such as for the inflated
diaphragm test method. For the oscillatory cylinder abrasion
method, an abrasion cycle consists of one double-rub.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles 3.4 Lissajous figure, n—any of an infinite variety of curves
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Physical Test
formed by combining two mutually perpendicular simple
Methods B.
harmonic motions, commonly exhibited by the oscilloscope,
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally
and used in studying frequency, amplitude, and phase relations
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4966 – 12 (2016).
DOI: 10.1520/D4966-22.
of harmonic variables.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists,
the ASTM website. P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4966 − 12 (Reapproved 2016) D4966 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion
1
Tester Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4966; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester.
Fabrics of all types may be tested by this method but difficulties may arise with fabrics with a pile depth greater than 0.08 in. (2
mm).The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability
for testing due to specimen holder capacity.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and
AATCC Test Method 93.TM93.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D3884 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform Abrader Method)
D3885 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Flexing and Abrasion Method)
D3886 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Inflated Diaphragm Apparatus)
D4157 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)
D4158 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Uniform Abrasion)
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Physical Test Methods,
SpecificMethods B.
Current edition approved July 1, 2016Nov. 1, 2022. Published August 2016December 2022. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20122016
ɛ1
as D4966 – 12 (2016). . DOI: 10.1520/D4966-12R16.10.1520/D4966-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4966 − 22
2.2 AATCC Methods and Procedures:
3
Evaluation Procedure 1EP1 Evaluation Procedure for Gray Scale for Color Change
3
Test Method 93TM93 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Fabrics: Accelerator Method
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.60, Fabric Test Methods, Specific, refer to Terminology D4850.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: abrasion,abrasion cycle,Lissajous figure,rub, movement.standard
atmosphere for preconditioning textiles, standard atmosphere for testing, in textiles.
3.2 For all other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.
3.3 abrasion cycle, n—in abrasion testing, one or more movements of the abradant across a material surface, or movement of the
material across the abradant, which permits a return to its starting position.
3.3.1 Discussion—
The abrasion cycle is dependent on the programmed motions of the abrasion machine and the test standard used. It may consist
of one back-and-forth unidirectional movement such as for the flexing and abrasion test method; a circular movement such as for
the rotary
...