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ASTM E3102-18

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Microwave Examination of Polyethylene Electrofusion Joints Used in Piping Application

Standard Practice for Microwave Examination of Polyethylene Electrofusion Joints Used in Piping Application

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Polyethylene piping has been used instead of steel alloys in the petrochemical, power, water, gas distribution, and mining industries due to its resistance to corrosion and erosion and reliability. Recently, polyethylene pipe has also been used for nuclear safety related cooling water applications.  
5.2 MW examination is useful for detecting various flaws that are known to occur in polyethylene electrofused joints.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers microwave (MW) examination of electrofusion joints made entirely of polyethylene for the purpose of joining polyethylene piping.
Note 1: The notes in this practice are for information only and shall not be considered part of this practice.
Note 2: This practice references HDPE and MDPE for pipe applications as defined by Specification D3350.  
1.2 The electrofusion joining process can be subject to a variety of flaws including, but not limited to, lack of fusion, particulate contamination, inclusions, and voids.  
1.3 The practice is intended to be used on joint thicknesses of 0.5 in. to 4 in. (12 mm to 100 mm) and diameters 4 in. (100 mm) and greater. Greater and lesser thicknesses and lesser diameters may be tested using this standard practice if the technique can be demonstrated to provide adequate detection on mockups of the same wall thickness and geometry.  
1.4 This practice can be applied to post assembly inspection of polyethylene electrofusion joints.  
1.5 This practice does not specify acceptance criteria.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2018
ICS
23.040.60 - Flanges, couplings and joints
Technical Committee
E07 - Nondestructive Testing
Drafting Committee
E07.10 - Specialized NDT Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM E1316-19b - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Dec-2019
Refers
ASTM E1316-14e1 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Jun-2014
Refers
ASTM E1316-15 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Sep-2015
Refers
ASTM E1316-15a - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Dec-2015
Refers
ASTM E1316-16 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Feb-2016
Refers
ASTM E1316-16a - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Aug-2016
Refers
ASTM E1316-17 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Feb-2017
Refers
ASTM E1316-17a - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
15-Jun-2017
Refers
ASTM E1316-18 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Jan-2018
Refers
ASTM E1316-19 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Mar-2019
Referred By
ASTM E543-21 - Standard Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
Effective Date
01-Nov-2018

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ASTM E3102-18 - Standard Practice for Microwave Examination of Polyethylene Electrofusion Joints Used in Piping ApplicationASTM E3102-18 - Standard Practice for Microwave Examination of Polyethylene Electrofusion Joints Used in Piping Application
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ASTM E3102-18 - Standard Practice for Microwave Examination of Polyethylene Electrofusion Joints Used in Piping Application
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E3102 − 18
Standard Practice for
Microwave Examination of Polyethylene Electrofusion
1
Joints Used in Piping Application
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3102; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice covers microwave (MW) examination of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
electrofusion joints made entirely of polyethylene for the D3350Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fit-
purpose of joining polyethylene piping. tings Materials
NOTE 1—The notes in this practice are for information only and shall
E543Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
not be considered part of this practice.
Testing
NOTE 2—This practice references HDPE and MDPE for pipe applica-
E1316Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
tions as defined by Specification D3350.
3
2.2 ASNT Documents:
1.2 The electrofusion joining process can be subject to a
Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A for Nondestructive
variety of flaws including, but not limited to, lack of fusion,
Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
particulate contamination, inclusions, and voids.
ANSI/ASNT CP-189Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
1.3 The practice is intended to be used on joint thicknesses
cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
4
of 0.5in. to 4in. (12mm to 100mm) and diameters 4in.
2.3 Military Standard:
(100mm)andgreater.Greaterandlesserthicknessesandlesser
MIL-STD-410Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualifica-
diameters may be tested using this standard practice if the
tion and Certification
technique can be demonstrated to provide adequate detection
5
2.4 AIA Document:
on mockups of the same wall thickness and geometry.
NAS 410Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
1.4 Thispracticecanbeappliedtopostassemblyinspection
Testing Personnel
6
of polyethylene electrofusion joints.
2.5 Welding Authority Document:
DVS Direction 2202-1 Imperfections in Thermoplastic
1.5 This practice does not specify acceptance criteria.
Welded Joints; Features, Descriptions, Evaluation
1.6 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
7
2.6 ISO Standard:
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
ISO 9712Non-destructive Testing – Qualification and Cer-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
tification of NDT Personnel
and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 Related terms are defined in Terminology E1316.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
the ASTM website.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3
AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
4
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
5
Available from Aerospace Industries Association (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd.,
Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209, http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
1 6
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- Available from IHS, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112, http://
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on www.global.ihs.com.
7
Specialized NDT Methods. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. DOI: Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
10.1520/E3102-18. Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Polyethylene piping has been used instead of steel alloys in the petrochemical, power, water, gas distribution, and mining industries due to its resistance to corrosion, erosion, and reliability. Recently, polyethylene pipe has also been used for nuclear safety related cooling water applications.
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1.1 This practice covers microwave (MW) examination of butt fusion joints made entirely of polyethylene for the purpose of joining polyethylene piping or vessel parts.
Note 1: The notes in this practice are for information only and shall not be considered part of this practice.
Note 2: This practice references HDPE and MDPE for pipe applications as defined by Specification D3350.  
1.2 MW examination detects differences between the dielectric constant(s) of the materials being examined. These differences may be due to material construction (expected) or flaws such as voids, cracks, or foreign material intrusion (unexpected).  
1.3 The butt fusion joining process can be subject to a variety of flaws including, but not limited to, lack of fusion, particulate contamination, inclusions, and voids.  
1.4 This practice is intended for use on polyethylene butt fusion joints of pipe diameters of 4 in. to 65 in. (100 mm – 1650 mm) and wall thickness of 0.5 in. to 4 in. (12 mm – 100 mm). Greater and lesser thicknesses and smaller diameters may be tested using this standard practice if the technique can be demonstrated to provide adequate detection on mockups of the same wall thickness and geometry.  
1.5 This standard practice does not address microwave examination of electrofusion joints, socket joints, or saddles.  
1.6 This standard details inspection requirement only. Accept/reject criteria must be established contractually and is typically done using multiple samples with mechanical test (that is, tensile test) validation.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E3167/E3167M-18(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conventional Pulse-Echo Ultrasonic Testing of Polyethylene Electrofusion Joints

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended primarily for the manual ultrasonic scanning of electrofusion joints used in the construction and maintenance of polyethylene piping systems.  
5.2 Polyethylene piping has been used instead of steel alloys in the petrochemical, power, water, gas distribution, and mining industries due to its reliability and resistance to corrosion and erosion.  
5.3 This practice is not intended to provide 100 % joint examination. This practice specifies a minimum scanning grid that represents only a portion of the welded interface. As such, there exists a possibility of omitting flaws. In addition, selected areas of the welded interface may not be accessible. The extent of examination shall be specified in the contractual agreement.  
5.4 The joining process can be subject to a variety of flaws including, but not limited to, lack of fusion, particulate contamination, short-stab depth, inclusions, and voids.  
5.5 Polyethylene material can have a range of acoustic characteristics that make electrofusion joint examination difficult. Polyethylene materials are highly attenuative, which often limits the use of higher ultrasonic frequencies. It also exhibits a natural high frequency filtering effect. An example of the range of acoustic characteristics is provided in Table 1.6 The table notes the wide range of acoustic velocities reported in the literature. This makes it essential that the reference blocks are made from pipes with the same Specification D3350 density cell classification as the electrofusion fitting examined. (A) A range of velocity and attenuation values have been noted in the literature (1-9).  
5.6 Polyethylene is reported to have a shear velocity of 987 m/s. However, due to extremely high attenuation in shear mode (on the order of 5 dB/mm [127 dB/inch] at 2 MHz) no practical examinations can be carried out using shear mode (6).  
5.7 Due to the wide range of applications, joint acceptance criteria for polyethylene pipe are usually ...
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1.1 This practice establishes a procedure for ultrasonic testing (UT) of electrofusion joints in polyethylene pipe systems. This practice provides one ultrasonic examination procedure for ultrasonic pulse-echo straight beam contact testing, using straight-beam longitudinal waves introduced by direct contact of the search unit with the material being examined.  
1.2 The practice is intended to be used on polyethylene electrofusion socket (for example, couplings) and saddle (for example, tees) fittings for use on polyethylene pipe ranging in diameters from nominal 0.5 in. to 12 in. [12 mm to 300 mm] with pipe dimension ratios (DR) ranging from 6.3 to 17. Greater and lesser thicknesses and greater and lesser diameters may be tested using this practice if the technique can be demonstrated to provide adequate detection on mockups of the same wall thickness and geometry.  
1.3 This practice does not address ultrasonic examination of butt fusions. Ultrasonic testing of polyethylene butt fusion joints is addressed in Practice E3044/E3044M.
Note 1: The notes in this practice are for information only and shall not be considered part of this practice.
Note 2: This standard references HDPE and MDPE materials for pipe applications defined by Specification D3350.  
1.4 This practice does not specify acceptance criteria. Refer to Specification F1055 and Practice F1290 for destructive acceptance criteria.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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Standard Practice for Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing of Polyethylene Electrofusion Joints

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended for the semi-automated or automated ultrasonic examination of electrofusion joints used in the construction and maintenance of polyethylene piping systems.  
5.2 Polyethylene piping has been used instead of steel alloys in the petrochemical, power, water, gas distribution, and mining industries due to its reliability and resistance to corrosion and erosion.  
5.3 The joining process can be subject to a variety of flaws including, but not limited to: lack of fusion, cold fusion, particulate contamination, inclusions, short stab depth, and voids.  
5.4 Polyethylene material can have a range of acoustic characteristics that make electrofusion joint examination difficult. Polyethylene materials are highly attenuative, which often limits the use of higher ultrasonic frequencies. It also exhibits a natural high frequency filtering effect. An example of the range of acoustic characteristics is provided in Table 1.6 The table notes the wide range of acoustic velocities reported in the literature. This makes it essential that the reference blocks are made from pipe grade polyethylene with the same density cell class as the electrofusion fitting examined. (A) A range of velocity and attenuation values have been noted in the literature (1-9).  
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FIG. 1 Typical Cross-Sectional View of an Electrofusion Coupling Joint
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1.1 This practice covers procedures for phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) of electrofusion joints in polyethylene pipe systems. Although high density polyethylene (HDPE) and medium density polyethylene (MDPE) materials are most commonly used, the procedures described may apply to other types of polyethylene.  
Note 1: The notes in this practice are for information only and shall not be considered part of this practice.
Note 2: This standard references HDPE and MDPE for pipe applications defined by Specification D3350.  
1.2 This practice does not address ultrasonic examination of butt fusions. Ultrasonic testing of polyethylene butt fusion joints is addressed in Practice E3044/E3044M.  
1.3 Phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) of polyethylene electrofusion joints uses longitudinal waves introduced by an array probe mounted on a zero degree wedge. This practice is intended to be used on polyethylene electrofusion couplings for use on polyethylene pipe ranging in diameters from nominal 4 to 28 in. (100 to 710 mm) and for coupling wall thicknesses from 0.3 to 2 in. (8 to 50 mm). Greater and lesser thicknesses and diameters may be tested using this standard practice if the technique can be demonstrated to provide adequate detection on mockups of the same geometry.  
1.4 This practice does not specify acceptance criteria.  
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FIG. 1 Flange Types  
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1.3 Products made to this specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. For larger products and products for other applications, refer to Specifications A336/A336M and A965/A965M for the similar ferritic and austenitic grades, respectively, available in those specifications.  
1.4 Several grades of low alloy steels and ferritic, martensitic, austenitic, and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels are included in this specification. Selection will depend upon design and service requirements. Several of the ferritic/austenitic (duplex) grades are also found in Specification A1049/A1049M.  
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Standard Specification for Machine Made “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Flanges

ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the testing and performance requirements of machine made "fiberglass" (glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin) flanges, other than those that are contact-molded. Flanges may be produced integrally with a pipe or fitting, may be produced with a socket for adhesive bonding to a pipe or fitting, or may be of the type used in conjunction with either a metallic or nonmetallic backup ring. Flanges are defined by type (method of manufacture), grade (generic type of resin), class (configuration of joining system), and pressure rating. Flanges are also given numerical classifications relating to rupture pressure, sealing test pressure, and bolt torque limit. Included are requirements for materials, workmanship, performance, and dimensions.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced-thermosetting resin flanges other than contact-molded flanges. Included are requirements for materials, workmanship, performance, and dimensions.  
1.2 Flanges may be produced integrally with a pipe or fitting, may be produced with a socket for adhesive bonding to a pipe or fitting, or may be of the type used in conjunction with either a metallic or nonmetallic backup ring.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only. In cases where materials, products, or equipment are available only in SI units, inch-pound units are omitted.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Contact molded flanges are covered in Specification D5421 and referenced in Specification D5685.
Note 2: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
    6 pages
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ASTM
ASTM F1122-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Quick Disconnect Couplings (6 in. NPS and Smaller)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the manufacturing data required to produce a variety of styles and sizes of quick disconnect couplings up to and including NPS 6 for marine use that ensure interchangeability and safety of operation. Quick disconnect couplings shall consist of the following types: Standard class and Class I. Adapters and couplers are to be produced as castings or forgings. Cam handles may be produced by casting, forging, or sintered metal processes. Maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) for a Standard Class coupling shall be 25 % of its burst pressure. Maximum allowable working pressure for a Class I coupling shall be 20 % of its burst pressure. The following test shall be performed: pressure tests and production test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the manufacturing data required to produce a variety of styles and sizes of quick disconnect couplings up to and including NPS 6 for marine use that ensure interchangeability and safety of operation.  
1.2 In general, quick disconnect couplings are hose and pipe end fittings that permit quick mechanical attachment by means other than bolted or threaded fittings. The method of attachment is a male coupling half (adapter, tank unit) that fits into a female coupling half (coupler, hose unit) of the same size.  
1.2.1 By closing attached cam handles on cam and groove couplings, the coupling halves seal, permitting fluids to be transported under pressure through the quick disconnect coupling.  
1.2.2 By aligning the rollers on the hose unit coupler with the notches on the tank unit adapter on the dry disconnect coupling (DDC), push the coupler onto the adapter and rotate past 100°. This will lock the couplings together, create a seal and open the internal valves for full flow with low pressure drop. The dual poppet design shut-off mechanism seals liquids and gases behind the valve, eliminating fugitive emissions and the danger of a spill upon disconnection.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method described in this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    17 pages
    English language
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  • Technical specification
    17 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off