ASTM C285-88(2005)

Standard Test Methods for Sieve Analysis of Wet-Milled and Dry-Milled Porcelain Enamel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The fineness of the frit has a direct bearing on many of its properties, such as fusibility, tearing, gloss, opacity, suspension in the slip, and ease of spraying.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the fineness of frit in wet- or dry-milled porcelain enamels and other ceramic coatings for metals by means of the No. 200 (75-m) or No. 325 (45-m) sieve.
1.2 The two methods appear as follows:
SectionsMethod A-Referee MethodMethod B-Routine Method4 to 910 to 14
1.3 Method A is intended for use where a referee method of higher accuracy is required, while Method B is intended to meet the needs of normal enamel plant production control operations where a rapid, simplified method of sieve testing is required. The accuracy of the simplified method has proved to be entirely adequate for this use. The simplified test, however, is not recommended where high accuracy is required.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Sep-2005
• ICS: 25.220.50 - Enamels
• Technical Committee: B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
• Drafting Committee: B08.12 - Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C285-88(1999) - Standard Test Methods for Sieve Analysis of Wet-Milled and Dry-Milled Porcelain Enamel
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2005
• Replaced By: ASTM C285-10 - Standard Test Methods for Sieve Analysis of Wet-Milled and Dry-Milled Porcelain Enamel
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C286-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:C285–88(Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Methods for
Sieve Analysis of Wet-Milled and Dry-Milled Porcelain
Enamel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C285; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope METHOD A—REFEREE METHOD
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
4. Apparatus
fineness of frit in wet- or dry-milled porcelain enamels and
4.1 Balance—Thebalanceorscaleshallbeofatleast500-g
other ceramic coatings for metals by means of the No. 200
capacity, and accurate to 0.1 g.
(75-µm) or No. 325 (45-µm) sieve.
4.2 Sieves—The sieves shall conform to Specification E11.
1.2 The two methods appear as follows:
They shall include the No. 40 (425-µm) sieve and also the No.
Sections
200 (75-µm) or the No. 325 (45-µm) sieve (Note 1), or both.A
Method A—Referee Method 4to9
No.325sieveshallbeusedwhenthefinenessissuchthat,from
Method B—Routine Method 10 to 14
a sample containing 100 g of dry solids, less than2gis
1.3 MethodAis intended for use where a referee method of retained on a No. 200 sieve. An 8-in. (203-mm) full-height
higher accuracy is required, while Method B is intended to sieveisrecommended.Thisheightispreferredbecausethereis
meet the needs of normal enamel plant production control less tendency to flood or splash, and also because it fits
operations where a rapid, simplified method of sieve testing is commercial automatic tapping and shaking machines. All
required. The accuracy of the simplified method has proved to sieves used for testing shall be standardized initially and after
be entirely adequate for this use. The simplified test, however, every 50 tests against a reference sieve tested by the National
is not recommended where high accuracy is required. Bureau of Standards and bearing its precision seal. The
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
correction for the sieve used in this test shall be determined by
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the sievingtestsmadeinconformitywiththeprocedureofthistest
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
method.Identicalsamplesshallbesievedthroughthereference
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- sieve and the test sieve. Test materials shall be chosen so that
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5 to 10% of the material will be retained on the reference
sieve. The difference between the percentage residue on the
2. Referenced Documents
reference sieve and that on the test sieve is the amount of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
correction which shall be algebraically added to, or subtracted
E11 SpecificationforWovenWireTestSieveClothandTest from, the correction for the reference sieve to obtain the final
Sieves
correction (Note 2). The No. 40 sieve need not be calibrated.
NOTE 1—Tyler Standard Sieves of 35, 200, and 325 mesh correspond,
3. Significance and Use
respectively, toASTM sieves No. 40, 200, and 325 (U.S. Standard Sieve
3.1 The fineness of the frit has a direct bearing on many of
Series numbers).
itsproperties,suchasfusibility,tearing,gloss,opacity,suspen-
NOTE 2—For example, when comparing the reference sieve with a test
sion in the slip, and ease of spraying. sieve, should 8.5 g be retained on the reference sieve and 7.5 g on the test
sieve, the total correction for the test sieve would then be 8.5−7.5,
or+1.0.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on 4.3 Dryer—Asuitable means for drying the sieves and slip
Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
sample, without exceeding a temperature of 250°F (122°C),
B08.12 on Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems.
shall be provided. No dryer is needed for sieve tests of
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2005. Published September 2005. Originally
dry-milled enamel.
approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C285–88 (1999).
DOI: 10.1520/C0285-88R05.
4.4 Mechanically Operated Sieve Shaker—The mechanical
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
shakingdeviceshallbesuchastoproducealateralandvertical
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
motion of the sieve, accompanied by a jarring action so as to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. keep the sample moving continuously over the surface of the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C285–88 (2005)
sieve. If a machine shaker is to be used, the thoroughness of 9. Precision and Bias
sieving shall be tested by comparing and calibrating with the
9.1 Precision—It is generally accepted within the porcelain
hand method of sieving, as described in Section 6.
enamelindustrythatduplicatetestsrunbythesameoperatorin
the same laboratory should show a precision of 60.5 or less.
5. Sample
Failure to duplicate determinations within this limit indicates
the necessity for repetition of the test. The precision of
5.1 Wet-Milled Enamel—Select a sample of slip represen-
duplicate tests is negatively influenced by variations in opera-
tative of the material to be tested. Protect samples from
tor technique, sieve binding and wear, and, when it is used, the
evaporation. Determine the water content of the slip by drying
condition of mechanical sieving equipment. It is also influ-
a representative 100-g sample of slip to constant weight at a
enced by changing conditions in the test sample which occur
temperature not exceeding 250°F (122°C). Pass the sample
over time and which result in particle agglomeration due to
through a No. 40 sieve before weighing, and discard the
chemical reactions.
material retained on the sieve. Sample the slip after stirring by
9.2 Bias—No justifiable statement on bias can be made
weighing out to the nearest 0.1 g, a quantity calculated to
since the true value of sieve analysis cannot be established by
contain 100 g of dry solids.
an acceptable standard sample.
5.2 Dry-Milled Enamel—Select a sample representative of
the material to be tested and containing 100 g of dry solids,
METHOD B—ROUTINE METHOD
weighed to the nearest 0.1 g.
10. Apparatus
6. Procedure for Wet-Milled Enamel
10.1 Balance—The balance or scale shall be at least 200-g
6.1 Wet Sieving—Transfer the weighed sample to the No.
capacity, and accurate to 0.1 g.
200 or No. 325 sieve. Wash the sample through the sieve with
10.2 Si
...