ASTM D4724-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Entanglements in Untwisted Filament Yarns by Needle Insertion
Standard Test Method for Entanglements in Untwisted Filament Yarns by Needle Insertion
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Option 1 of this test method for the determination of the degree of untwisted filament yarn entanglement, as measured instrumentally, is used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments; however, caution is advised because information on between-laboratory precision is lacking. Comparative tests, as directed in 5.1.1, may be advisable.
If there are differences of practical significance between the reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used for each comparative test should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that results in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other fabrics with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before testing begins, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
Option 2 for this test method is intended for use when the supply of yarn is limited.
The instrumental option of this test method is based on the total randomization of the entanglements in the yarn; therefore, the distance measured between the point of insertion of a pin in the middle of the yarn and the point at which an entanglement is encountered, by movement of the yarn or the pin until it is stopped at a preset level of force, is representative of the distance between two entanglements at some location in the yarn.
Entanglements are used frequently instead of twist to ensure the integrity of filament yarns. Such entanglements generally give somewhat less prot...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two options for the measurement of entanglements in untwisted filament yarns using needle insertion options for instrument (A) and manual (B) techniques.
1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units (in parentheses) are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other without combining values in any way.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4724 − 11
Standard Test Method for
Entanglements in Untwisted Filament Yarns by Needle
1
Insertion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4724; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
method, refer to Terminology D123.
1.1 This test method covers two options for the measure-
ment of entanglements in untwisted filament yarns using
4. Summary of Test Method
needle insertion options for instrument (A) and manual (B)
4.1 A summary of each option is in the section for that
techniques.
option.
1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units (in
parentheses) are to be regarded separately as standard. The 5. Significance and Use
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
5.1 Option 1 of this test method for the determination of the
therefore, each system must be used independently of the other
degree of untwisted filament yarn entanglement, as measured
without combining values in any way.
instrumentally, is used for acceptance testing of commercial
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
shipments; however, caution is advised because information on
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
between-laboratory precision is lacking. Comparative tests, as
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
directed in 5.1.1, may be advisable.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tween the reported test results for two or more laboratories,
comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to
2. Referenced Documents
determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
for each comparative test should be as homogeneous as
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
that results in disparate results during initial testing, and
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other
fabrics with established test values may be used for this
3. Terminology
purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved should
3.1 Definitions: be compared appropriate statistical analysis and a probability
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to yarns and fibers, level chosen by the two parties before testing begins, at a
refer to Terminology D4849. probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is
3.1.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: found, either its cause must be found and corrected or future
entanglement, filament yarn. test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known
bias.
1
5.2 Option 2 for this test method is intended for use when
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
the supply of yarn is limited.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published January 2011. Originally
5.3 The instrumental option of this test method is based on
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4724–10. DOI:
10.1520/D4724-11.
the total randomization of the entanglements in the yarn;
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
therefore, the distance measured between the point of insertion
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
of a pin in the middle of the yarn and the point at which an
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. entanglement is encountered, by movement of the yarn or the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4724 − 11
pin until it is stopped at a preset level of force, is representative 9. Apparatus
of the distance between two entanglements at some location in
9.1 Automatic Needle Pull Entanglement Testers, rapid
3
the yarn.
automatic pin insertion detector (RAPID) and Rothschild
3
automatic yarn entanglement testers NPT.
5.4 Entanglements are used frequently instead of twist to
9.2 Standard Laboratory Weights, ranging from 1 to 100 g.
ensure the integrity of filament yarns. Such entanglements
g
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4724–10 Designation:D4724–11
Standard Test Method for
Entanglements in Untwisted Filament Yarns by Needle
1
Insertion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4724; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers two options for the measurement of entanglements in untwisted filament yarns using needle
insertion options for instrument (A) and manual (B) techniques.
1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units (in parentheses) are to be regarded separately as standard. The values
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other without
combining values in any way.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1entanglement, n—the extent or degree to which the filaments in a yarn are interlocked and cannot be readily separated.
3.1.1.1Discussion—There are two kinds of entanglements, intermediary (loose) node and hard (tight) node. Intermediary nodes
are pulled out easily under tension or separated by a needle. This test method is a measure of the presence of hard nodes in which
the interlocking or interlacing is compact pulling the yarn bundle together.
3.1.2filament yarn, n—a yarn composed of (continuous) filaments assembled with or without twist.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to yarns and fibers, refer to Terminology D4849.
3.1.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: entanglement, filament yarn.
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A summary of each option is in the section for that option.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Option 1 of this test method for the determination of the degree of untwisted filament yarn entanglement, as measured
instrumentally, is used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments; however, caution is advised because information on
between-laboratory precision is lacking. Comparative tests, as directed in 5.1.1, may be advisable.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between the reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative
tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
assistance. As a minimum, samples used for each comparative test should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same
lot of material as the samples that results in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
Current edition approved Aug.Jan. 1, 2010.2011. Published September 2010.January 2011. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20092010 as
D4724–09.D4724–10. DOI: 10.1520/D4724-101.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4724–11
laboratory. Other fabrics with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved
should be compared appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before testing begins, at a
probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or future test
results must be adjusted i
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.