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ASTM F1407-12

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Resistance of Chemical Protective Clothing Materials to Liquid Permeation—Permeation Cup Method

Standard Test Method for Resistance of Chemical Protective Clothing Materials to Liquid Permeation—Permeation Cup Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method establishes a standard procedure for rapidly (in 1 h or less) determining the chemical resistance of specimens of protective clothing materials. This test method can be used to rank materials as to their suitability for use with liquids of known or unknown composition.  
The breakthrough detection time, permeation rate, or cumulative permeation can be used to identify protective clothing materials that are more likely to limit potential exposures to chemicals. Longer breakthrough detection times and lower cumulative amounts permeated and permeation rates are characteristics of materials that are better barriers to the test chemical.  
In general this test method is less sensitive than Test Method F739 coupled with sensitive analytical procedures. In cases where the chemical of concern is highly toxic and contact of even a very small amount with the skin may be detrimental to health, the permeation cup method is not recommended. Use Test Method F739.  
Upon permeating the clothing material, the chemical must evaporate in order for a weight loss to occur and permeation to be detected. Consequently, the test method may not be applicable for chemicals having low volatility (that is, vapor pressure). The vapor pressure below which this test method is not applicable has not been determined.  
A procedure for assessing volatility is described in Section 10.  
The results of this test method are highly dependent on the test temperature. If the objective is to compare different clothing materials, all tests shall be conducted at the same temperature (±3°C).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the barrier effectiveness of a specimen of protective clothing upon continuous contact with a liquid.  
1.1.1 Procedure A—For use when a value for the cumulative amount of chemical permeated in 1 h is desired.  
1.1.2 Procedure B—For use when breakthrough detection time and permeation rate values are desired.  
1.2 Although not addressed herein, the effect of the test chemical on the clothing material can be determined by comparing the weight or other physical properties of the specimen before and after the permeation test.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 2.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2012
ICS
13.340.10 - Protective clothing
Technical Committee
F23 - Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment
Drafting Committee
F23.30 - Chemicals
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F1407-11 - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Chemical Protective Clothing Materials to Liquid Permeation-Permeation Cup Method
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012
Replaced By
ASTM F1407-12(2017) - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Chemical Protective Clothing Materials to Liquid Permeation—Permeation Cup Method
Effective Date
01-Jun-2017
Referred By
ASTM F1359/F1359M-22 - Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetration Resistance of Protective Clothing or Protective Ensembles Under a Shower Spray While on a Manikin
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012
Referred By
ASTM F739-20 - Standard Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gases Through Protective Clothing Materials Under Conditions of Continuous Contact
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012
Referred By
ASTM F1052-20 - Standard Test Method for Pressure Testing Vapor Protective Suits
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012
Referred By
ASTM F1494-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012
Referred By
ASTM F1383-20 - Standard Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gases Through Protective Clothing Materials Under Conditions of Intermittent Contact
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012
Referred By
ASTM F1296-08(2023) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012

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ASTM F1407-12 - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Chemical Protective Clothing Materials to Liquid Permeation—Permeation Cup MethodASTM F1407-12 - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Chemical Protective Clothing Materials to Liquid Permeation—Permeation Cup Method
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F1407 − 12
Standard Test Method for
Resistance of Chemical Protective Clothing Materials to
1
Liquid Permeation—Permeation Cup Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1407; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Workers involved in the production, use, and transportation of chemicals can be exposed to
numerous compounds capable of causing harm upon contact with the human body. The deleterious
effects of these chemicals can range from acute trauma, such as dermatitis or burns, to chronic
degenerative disease, such as cancer or pulmonary fibrosis. Since engineering controls may not
eliminate all possible exposures, attention is often given to reducing the potential for direct skin
contact through the use of protective clothing that resists degradation, penetration, and permeation.
This test method provides a simple, gravimetric means for measuring the resistance of clothing
materialstopermeationbyliquidchemicals.Permeationtestingbyamoresophisticatedprocedureand
penetrationtestingareaddressedbyseparatemethods:TestMethodsF739andF903,respectively.Test
Methods for measuring the effects of chemicals on the physical properties of rubbers, plastics, and
coated fabrics may be found in Test Method D471, Test Method D543, and Test Methods D751,
respectively. Guide F1001 designates 21 chemicals for use with these tests.
1. Scope bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
tionary statements are given in Section 2.
1.1 This test method measures the barrier effectiveness of a
specimen of protective clothing upon continuous contact with
2. Referenced Documents
a liquid.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.1 Procedure A—Forusewhenavalueforthecumulative
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
amount of chemical permeated in1his desired.
D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to
1.1.2 Procedure B—For use when breakthrough detection
Chemical Reagents
time and permeation rate values are desired.
D751 Test Methods for Coated Fabrics
1.2 Although not addressed herein, the effect of the test
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
chemical on the clothing material can be determined by
F739 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gases
comparing the weight or other physical properties of the
throughProtectiveClothingMaterialsunderConditionsof
specimen before and after the permeation test.
Continuous Contact
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
F903 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Protective Clothing to Penetration by Liquids
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
F1001 Guide for Selection of Chemicals to Evaluate Protec-
tion only and are not considered standard.
tive Clothing Materials
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2.2 Federal Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
No. 191, Method 5030.2 Measurement of the Thickness of
3
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Materials
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F23 on Personal contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
F23.30 on Chemicals. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originally Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F1407 - 11. DOI: Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
10.1520/F1407-12. dodssp.daps.dla.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1407 − 12
3. Terminology outside surface of the material faces the chemical; the other
side is open to the atmosphere. See Fig. 1.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 breakthrough detection time, n—theelapsedtimemea- 4.3 The cup assembly is weighed, inverted, and reweighed
sured from the initial exposure to the test chemical to the at predetermined time intervals to determine the amount of
sampling time that immediately precedes the sampling time at chemical that permeates the material and sub
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F1407–11 Designation:F1407–12
Standard Test Method for
Resistance of Chemical Protective Clothing Materials to
1
Liquid Permeation—Permeation Cup Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1407; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Workers involved in the production, use, and transportation of chemicals can be exposed to
numerous compounds capable of causing harm upon contact with the human body. The deleterious
effects of these chemicals can range from acute trauma, such as dermatitis or burns, to chronic
degenerative disease, such as cancer or pulmonary fibrosis. Since engineering controls may not
eliminate all possible exposures, attention is often given to reducing the potential for direct skin
contact through the use of protective clothing that resists degradation, penetration, and permeation.
This test method provides a simple, gravimetric means for measuring the resistance of clothing
materialstopermeationbyliquidchemicals.Permeationtestingbyamoresophisticatedprocedureand
penetrationtestingareaddressedbyseparatemethods:TestMethodsF739andF903,respectively.Test
Methods for measuring the effects of chemicals on the physical properties of rubbers, plastics, and
coated fabrics may be found in Test Method D471, Test Method D543, and Test Methods D751,
respectively. Guide F1001 designates 21 chemicals for use with these tests.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method measures the barrier effectiveness of a specimen of protective clothing upon continuous contact with a
liquid.
1.1.1 Procedure A—For use when a value for the cumulative amount of chemical permeated in1his desired.
1.1.2 Procedure B—For use when breakthrough detection time and permeation rate values are desired.
1.2 Although not addressed herein, the effect of the test chemical on the clothing material can be determined by comparing the
weight or other physical properties of the specimen before and after the permeation test.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 2.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of Liquids
D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical Reagents
D751 Test Methods for Coated Fabrics
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
F739 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gases through Protective Clothing Materials under Conditions of Continuous
Contact
F903 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Penetration by Liquids
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F23.30 on Chemicals.
Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F1407-99a (2006). DOI:
10.1520/F1407-11.
Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F1407 - 11. DOI: 10.1520/F1407-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1407–12
F1001 Guide for Selection of Chemicals to Evaluate Protective Clothing Materials
2.2 Federal Standard:
3
No. 191, Method 5030.2 Measurement of the Thickness of Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 breakthrough detection time, n—the elapsed time measured from the initial exposure to the test chemical to the sampling
time tha
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
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1.2 This test method may be used to test for compliance to minimum performance requirements in established safety standards.  
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1.1 This specification establishes minimum requirements for the performance and labeling of isolation gowns intended for use by healthcare workers to provide protection for standard and transmission-based precautions. The intended use of this specification is to ensure the performance properties of isolation gowns for the protection of the wearer. Four levels of barrier properties for isolation gowns are specified in ANSI/AAMI PB 70, and are included in this specification for reference purposes.  
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Standard Test Method for Thermal Resistance, Evaporative Resistance, and Total Heat Loss Measurements of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The thermal resistance, evaporative resistance, and total heat loss provided by fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies, is of considerable importance in determining their suitability for use in fabricating protective clothing systems.  
4.1.1 The thermal resistance, evaporative resistance, and total heat loss can be significantly affected by environmental conditions. Extreme care must be taken when using results measured under standard testing conditions to determine a material’s suitability for use in conditions outside the testing conditions.  
4.2 The thermal interchange between people and their environment is an extremely complicated subject that involves many factors in addition to the steady-state resistance values of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies. Therefore, thermal resistance values, evaporative resistance values, and total heat loss measured on a hot plate may or may not indicate relative merit of a particular material or system for a given clothing application. While a possible indicator of clothing performance, measurements produced by the testing of fabrics have no proven correlation to the performance of clothing systems worn by people. Clothing weight, drape, tightness of fit, and so forth, can minimize or even neutralize the apparent differences between fabrics or fabric assemblies measured by this test method.  
4.3 The thermal resistance and evaporative resistance of clothing systems and items can be measured with a heated sweating manikin in an environmental chamber in accordance with Test Methods F1291, F2370, and F3426.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the thermal resistance, evaporative resistance, and total heat loss under steady-state conditions of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies, for use in clothing systems.  
1.2 The range of this measurement technique for intrinsic thermal resistance is from 0.002 to 0.5 K·m2/W and for intrinsic evaporative resistance is from 0.0 to 1.0 kPa·m 2/W. The total heat loss range is from 0.0 to 1300 W/m2.  
1.3 The values in SI units shall be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement are provided in this standard but are not regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F2992-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Cut Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing with Tomodynamometer Test Equipment

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method assesses the cut resistance of a material when exposed to a cutting edge under specified loads. Data obtained from this test method can be used to compare the cut resistance of different materials.  
5.2 This test method only addresses that range of cutting hazards that are related to a cutting action by a smooth sharp edge across the surface of the material. It is not representative of any other cutting hazard to which the material may be subjected, such as serrated edges, saw blades, or motorized cutting tools. Nor is it representative of puncture, tear, or other modes of fabric failure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the cut resistance of a material when mounted on a specimen holder and subjected to a cutting edge under a specified load using a tomodynamometer.2  
1.1.1 This procedure is not valid for high-porosity materials which allow cutting edge contact with the mounting surface prior to cutting.  
1.1.2 Test apparatus may have limitations in testing materials with a thickness greater than 20 mm.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F3628-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Cooling Energy Provided by Wicking Liquid Moisture and Evaporating It from Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A clothing material’s ability to assist in the evaporation of liquid sweat by managing liquid moisture is of considerable importance when trying to maximize cooling and comfort benefits to the wearer while active. Understanding how much energy is released back to the skin is critical in determining their suitability for use in fabricating protective clothing systems or athletic wear.  
4.1.1 The cooling energy released back to the wearer can be significantly affected by environmental conditions. Extreme care must be taken when using standard results measured under standard testing conditions to determine a material’s suitability for use in conditions outside the testing conditions.  
4.2 This test method accounts for a clothing material’s ability to assist in evaporating liquid water during a sweating phase, as well as its ability to dry after the cessation of sweating.  
4.2.1 A large amount of cooling energy released from clothing materials during active work (sweating) is often seen as a positive, as it would assist in keeping the body cooler.  
4.2.2 A large amount of cooling energy released from clothing materials after active work (no sweating) is often seen as a negative, as it known to cause a chilling effect to the wearer.  
4.2.3 The longer it takes for a clothing material to dry after becoming wet is perceived as a negative, as it increases the potential for chilling the wearer.  
4.3 The thermal interchange between people and their environment is, however, an extremely complicated subject that involves many factors in addition to the steady-state resistance values of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies. Therefore, the cooling provided from liquid evaporation may or may not indicate relative merit of a particular material or system for a given clothing application. While a possible indicator of clothing performance, measurements produced by the testing of fabrics have no proven correlation to the perfo...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the cooling energy released back to the wearer’s skin by a clothing material’s ability to move and evaporate controlled dosages of water under controlled ambient conditions using a sweating hot plate.  
1.1.1 This test method establishes procedures for measuring the cooling energy during a simulated “sweating” phase and in a drying phase. Calculations are also provided to determine the drying time and how efficient the clothing material is at assisting in the evaporation of liquid water by comparing it to the maximum amount of energy that can be lost.  
1.2 This test method does not address all properties that affect a clothing material’s ability to lose heat from the body. Consider measuring properties such as air permeability, insulation, and evaporative resistance.  
1.3 The values in SI units shall be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F3267-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Protective Clothing for Use Against Liquid Chemotherapy and Other Liquid Hazardous Drugs

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes design, performance, documentation, and labeling requirements and provides test methods for protective clothing used in preventing exposure to liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs.  
1.1.1 The principal requirement of this specification is permeation resistance testing of the protective clothing barrier material and seams to a specified battery of seven chemotherapy drugs. Two levels of protective clothing barrier material and seam performance are established for complying with Part A labeling requirements specific to these seven liquid chemotherapy drugs.
1.1.1.1 Broad chemotherapy drug protection is based on the protective clothing barrier material and seams demonstrating breakthrough detection times of 30 min or more for the seven specified chemotherapy drugs.
1.1.1.2 Selective chemotherapy drug protection is based on the protective clothing barrier material and seams demonstrating breakthrough detection times of 30 min or more for at least five of the seven specified chemotherapy drugs.  
1.1.2 It is also possible to report permeation resistance test results for additional liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs of interest as determined by the manufacturer or end user organization using the same breakthrough detection criteria for individual drugs for complying with the Part B labeling requirements.  
1.1.3 Protective clothing meeting this specification is also required to meet minimum flammability requirements, and if used as a medical device, biocompatibility (if used for breached skin contact), and demonstrate sterility assurance, if sterilized prior to use.  
1.1.4 Physical properties that indicate the strength, durability, and breathability of the protective clothing are optionally reported.  
1.1.5 Additional requirements are established for the label and user information to be provided for protective clothing meeting this specification.  
1.1.6 This specification also requires products intended to be used as medical devices such as surgical gowns and isolation gowns to meet the respective requirements of AAMI PB70, Specification F2407/F2407M, and Specification F3352/F3352M, as applicable.  
1.2 This specification does not address all conditions of exposure for individuals who wear protective clothing in the manufacture, transport, compounding, preparation, and administration of liquid chemotherapy and other hazardous drugs in addition to patient care activities and spills where contaminated items with these drugs are encountered.  
1.3 This specification does not address chemotherapy drugs or hazardous drugs that may be encountered in the form of a vapor or aerosol and does not provide any criteria for respiratory protection.  
1.4 This specification does not address the selection, use, or care of protective clothing used for protection against liquid chemotherapy or other liquid hazardous drugs. While this specification does not specifically determine which barrier material to select, the results of the tests described in this specification are useful for selecting barrier materials by comparing the test results among different materials under consideration. See USP 800, Hazardous Drugs—Handling In Healthcare Settings, for specific guidelines on the selection, use, and care of personal protective equipment for protection of healthcare workers against chemotherapy or other hazardous drugs.  
1.5 This specification is intended to provide the basis for manufacturers or suppliers to make specific claims that protective clothing products provide protection against liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its u...

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