ASTM D1511-12(2017)

Standard Test Method for Carbon Black—Pellet Size Distribution

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The variation in the size of the pellets may relate to the level of dispersion and to the ease of handling. Due to the many other variables that influence dispersion and handling, the significance of pellet size must be determined by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pellet size distribution of carbon black.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2017
• ICS: 83.040.20 - Rubber compounding ingredients
• Technical Committee: D24 - Carbon Black
• Drafting Committee: D24.51 - Carbon Black Pellet Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1511 − 12 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Carbon Black—Pellet Size Distribution
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1511; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A sample of carbon black is shaken in a sieve shaker to
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pellet
separate the pellets by size with specified series of sieve
size distribution of carbon black.
screens arranged with progressively smaller openings. The
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
percentage, by mass, of carbon black retained on each sieve is
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
weighed to calculate the pellet size distribution.
only.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 The variation in the size of the pellets may relate to the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
level of dispersion and to the ease of handling. Due to the many
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
other variables that influence dispersion and handling, the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
significance of pellet size must be determined by the user.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
5. Apparatus
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.1 Riffle Sample Splitter as specified in Practice D5817.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5.2 Balance with a sensitivity of 0.1 g.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.3 Sieves—U.S. Standard Sieves or equivalent, conforming
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
to Specification E11. Sieve Nos. 10, 18, 35, 60, and 120,
having openings respectively of 2000, 1000, 500, 250, and 125
2. Referenced Documents
µm, shall be used. The sieves shall be 25 mm (1 in.) in height
and 200 mm (8 in.) in diameter.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1799 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Packaged 5.4 Bottom receiver pan and top sieve cover.
Shipments
5.5 Sieve Shaker—Any equipment that will vibrate or shake
D1900 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Bulk Ship-
a stack of sieves in a manner that will allow the pellets to
ments
separate into size fractions without excessive pellet breakage.
D4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method
The following three types of shakers have been found satis-
Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Manufacturing
factory for determining the pellet size distribution of pelleted
Industries
carbon black.
D5817 Practice for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Reduction,
5.5.1 Mechanical Sieve Shaker —The Mechanical Sieve
Blending, and Drying of Gross Samples for Testing
Shaker shall impart a uniform rotary and tapping motion to a
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
stack of sieves as described in 5.3. The shaker machine shall be
Sieves
powered with an electric motor producing constant oscillation
to the sieve stack providing 280 to 320 rotary motions/min and
140 to 160 taps per minute. The cover plate shall be fitted with
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon
Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.51 on Carbon Black
Pellet Properties. The following devices have been found suitable: the Ro-Tap Siever and the AS
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originally 200 tap. The sole sources of supply known to the committee at this time are,
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1511 – 12. DOI: respectively, WS Tyler, 8570 Tyler Blvd., Mentor, OH 44060, E-mail:
10.1520/D1511-12R17. [e-mail], and Retsch Inc., 74 Walker Lane, Newton, PA 18940, E-mail:
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or [e-mail]. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which
the ASTM website. you may attend.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1511 − 12 (2017)
1 3
TABLE 1 Precision-Type 1 Carbon Black-Pellet Size Distribution
a cork stopper that shall extend 3 to 9 mm ( ⁄8 to ⁄8 in.) above
A
+10
the metal recess. Materials other than cork, such as rubber or
Mean
Within Laboratories Between Laboratories
wood, are unacceptable. The amplitude of the hammer shall be
Material Level,
5 1
set at 3.30 6 0.15 cm (1– ⁄16 6 ⁄16 in.). Sr r (r) SR R (R)
%
Sample 2 0.62 0.08 0.21 34.36 0.27 0.76 121.45
5.5.2 Vibratory Siever —The Retsch Sieve Shaker AS200
Sample 3 1.77 0.23 0.64 36.08 0.49 1.39 78.37
has variable timer and amplitude settings. When set at 3 min
Sample 1 3.52 0.32 0.90 25.58 1.33 3.75 106.64
and 0.5 amplitude, the AS200 provides satisfactory results. It
pooled or
average
accommodates a stack of sieves as described in 5.3.
5 values 1.97 0.23 0.65 32.94 0.83 2.35 119.29
5.5.3 Automatic Sieve Shaker —The Gradex 2000 automati-
A
This is short term precision (days) with:
cally performs all of the required steps including the weighing
p = 7, q = 3, and n = 4.
of the sample and the individual fractions retained on each
Symbols are defined as follows:
sieve. The equipment consists of a balance, autofeed system,
Sr = Within laboratory standard deviation,
electric motor that imparts a uniform rotary motion, pneumati-
r = repeatability (in measured units),
cally operated rods to provide the tapping action, and computer
(r) = repeatability (in percent),
and software to record and perform analyses. Shake time of 1 SR = Between laboratory standard deviation,
R = reproducibility (in measured units), and
min provides satisfactory test results. The test sieves are
(R) = reproducibility (in percent).
described in 5.3.
NOTE 1—Top sieve cover is not needed for the Gradex 2000.
NOTE 2—The Gradex is supplied with one standard tapping rod. It is
recommended that two additional tapping rods be installed to provide
additional tapping action.
7.3.4.2 Vibratory Shaker—3 min and 0.5 mm amplitude.
7.3.5 Remove the sieve assembly from the apparatus and
6. Sampling
weigh individually the carbon black retained on each sieve and
6.1 Lot samples shall be taken in accordance with Practices
bottom receiver pan to the nearest 0.1 g.
D1799 or D1900.
7.3.6 Record the data and calculate as noted in Section 8.
6.2 Practice D5817 shall be used for blending or reducing
7.4 Automatic Sieve Shaker:
samples.
7.4.1 Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to load soft-
ware and configure the shake time to 1 min.
7. Procedure
7.4.2 Transfer the sieve assembly to the automatic sieve
7.1 Prepare carbon black for testing as noted in Section 6.
shaker.
7.4.3 Weigh or measure approximately 100 g of carbon
NOTE 3—It is not good practice to weigh out the test portion by pouring
it directly from the sample container since the smaller pellets will tend to black.
remain in the container while the larger pellets pour out first. Dipping the
7.4.4 Transfer measured carbon black to the autofeed con-
black from the container is the preferred technique.
tainer.
7.2 Prepare the sieve assembly by stacking the sieves in the
7.4.5 Enter the sample identification into the operating
following order from bottom to top: Bottom receiver pan, No.
program. Repeat steps 7.4.3 – 7.4.5 as required for consecutive
120, No. 60, No. 35, No. 18, No. 10, and top sieve cover.
samples. Up to six samples may be identified at one time.
7.4.6 Start the testing sequence according to the manufac-
NOTE 4—Top sieve cover is not needed for the Gradex 2000.
turer’s operating instructions.
7.3 Mechanical and Vibratory Sieve Shakers:
7.4.7 Retrieve report from the computer.
7.3.1 Weigh 100.0 g of carbon black.
7.3.2 Transfer weighed carbon black to the top sieve.
8. Calculation
7.3.3 Install the sieve cover and transfer the sieve assembly
8.1 Calculate the pellet size distribution of the samp
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1511 − 12 D1511 − 12 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Carbon Black—Pellet Size Distribution
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1511; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pellet size distribution of carbon black.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1799 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Packaged Shipments
D1900 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Bulk Shipments
D4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Manufacturing Industries
D5817 Practice for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Reduction, Blending, and Drying of Gross Samples for Testing
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A sample of carbon black is shaken in a sieve shaker to separate the pellets by size with specified series of sieve screens
arranged with progressively smaller openings. The percentage, by mass, of carbon black retained on each sieve is weighed to
calculate the pellet size distribution.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The variation in the size of the pellets may relate to the level of dispersion and to the ease of handling. Due to the many
other variables that influence dispersion and handling, the significance of pellet size must be determined by the user.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Riffle Sample Splitter as specified in Practice D5817.
5.2 Balance with a sensitivity of 0.1 g.
5.3 Sieves—U.S. Standard Sieves or equivalent, conforming to Specification E11. Sieve Nos. 10, 18, 35, 60, and 120, having
openings respectively of 2000, 1000, 500, 250, and 125 μm, shall be used. The sieves shall be 25 mm (1 in.) in height and 200
mm (8 in.) in diameter.
5.4 Bottom receiver pan and top sieve cover.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.51 on Carbon Black Pellet
Properties.
Current edition approved June 1, 2012Dec. 1, 2017. Published August 2012December 2017. Originally approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 20102012
as D1511 – 10.D1511 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/D1511-12.10.1520/D1511-12R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1511 − 12 (2017)
5.5 Sieve Shaker—Any equipment that will vibrate or shake a stack of sieves in a manner that will allow the pellets to separate
into size fractions without excessive pellet breakage. The following three types of shakers have been found satisfactory for
determining the pellet size distribution of pelleted carbon black.
5.5.1 Mechanical Sieve Shaker —The Mechanical Sieve Shaker shall impart a uniform rotary and tapping motion to a stack of
sieves as described in 5.3. The shaker machine shall be powered with an electric motor producing constant oscillation to the sieve
stack providing 280 to 320 rotary motions/min and 140 to 160 taps per minute. The cover plate shall be fitted with a cork stopper
1 3
that shall extend 3 to 9 mm ( ⁄8 to ⁄8 in.) above the metal recess. Materials other than cork, such as rubber or wood, are
5 1
unacceptable. The amplitude of the hammer shall be set at 3.30 6 0.15 cm (1– ⁄16 6 ⁄16 in.).
5.5.2 Vibratory Siever —The Retsch Sieve Shaker AS200 has variable timer and amplitude settings. When set at 3 min and 0.5
amplitude, the AS200 provides satisfactory results. It accommodates a stack of sieves as described in 5.3.
5.5.3 Automatic Sieve Shaker —The Gradex 2000 automatically performs all of the required steps including the weighing of the
sample and the individual fractions retained on each sieve. The equipment consists of a balance, autofeed system, electric motor
that imparts a uniform rotary motion, pneumatically operated rods to provide the tapping action, and computer and software to
record and perform analyses. Shake time of 1 min provides satisfactory test results. The test sieves are described in 5.3.
NOTE 1—Top sieve cover is not needed for the Gradex 2000.
NOTE 2—The Gradex is supplied with one standard tapping rod. It is recommended that two additional tapping rods be installed to provide additional
tapping action.
6. Sampling
6.1 Lot samples shall be taken in accordance with Practices D1799 or D1900.
6.2 Practice D5817 shall be used for blending or reducing samples.
7. Procedure
7.1 Prepare carbon black for testing as noted in Section 6.
NOTE 3—It is not good practice to weigh out the test portion by pouring it directly from the sample container since the smaller pellets will tend to remain
in the container while the larger pellets pour out first. Dipping the black from the container is the preferred technique.
7.2 Prepare the sieve assembly by stacking the sieves in the following order from bottom to top: Bottom receiver pan, No. 120,
No. 60, No. 35, No. 18, No. 10, and top sieve cover.
NOTE 4—Top sieve cover is not needed for the Gradex 2000.
7.3 Mechanical and Vibratory Sieve ShakersShakers:
7.3.1 Weigh 100.0 g of carbon black.
7.3.2 Transfer weighed carbon black to the top sieve.
7.3.3 Install the sieve cover and transfer the sieve assembly to the shaker. The stack in the shaker should be adjusted to eliminate
looseness.
7.3.4 Start the shaker and allow it to shake as noted below:
7.3.4.1 Mechanical Shaker—Mechanical Shaker—1 1 min with hammer operating.
7.3.4.2 Vibratory Shaker—Vibratory Shaker—3 3 min and 0.5 mm amplitude.
7.3.5 Remove the sieve assembly from the apparatus and weigh individually the carbon black retained on each sieve and bottom
receiver pan to the nearest 0.1 g.
7.3.6 Record the data and calculate as noted in Section 8.
7.4 Automatic Sieve Shaker:
7.4.1 Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to load software and configure the shake time to 1 min.
7.4.2 Transfer the sieve assembly to the automatic sieve shaker.
7.4.3 Weigh or measure approximately 100 g of carbon black.
7.4.4 Transfer measured carbon black to the autofeed container.
7.4.5 Enter the sample identification into the operating program. Repeat steps 7.4.3 – 7.4.5 as required for consecutive samples.
Up to six samples may be identified at one time.
The following devices have been found suitable: the Ro-Tap Siever and the AS 200 tap. The sole sources of supply known to the committee at this time are, respectively,
WS Tyler, 8570 Tyler Blvd., Mentor, OH 44060, E-mail: [e-mail], and Retsch Inc., 74 Walker Lane, Newton, PA 18940, E-mail: [e-mail]. If you
are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of
the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
The sole source of supply of the Retsch Sieve Shaker AS200 known to the committee at this time is Retsch Inc., 74 Walker Lane, Newtown, PA 18940, E-mail:
[e-mail]. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful
consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
The sole source of supply of the Gradex 2000 known to the committee at this time is Rotex, Inc., 1230 Knowlton Street, Cincinnati, OH 45223, E-mail: [e-mail].
If
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