ASTM E955-88(2004)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Thermal Characteristics of Refuse-Derived Fuel Macrosamples
Standard Test Method for Thermal Characteristics of Refuse-Derived Fuel Macrosamples
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is available to producers and users of RDF as a means of determining thermal characteristics of a large sample of RDF without extensive processing of the laboratory sample. It is intended that the results obtained be used to monitor changes in the fuel characteristics of RDF over a period of time.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of moisture, noncombustibles and combustibles, and the calculation of higher heating value content of a large mass of refuse-derived fuel-three (RDF).
1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste material, including residues from combustion, from which a representative sample can be prepared.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 7 for additional hazard information.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:E955–88(Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Thermal Characteristics of Refuse-Derived Fuel
Macrosamples
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E955; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.3 noncombustibles—that fraction of a macrosample re-
maining after moisture and combustibles are driven off by heat
1.1 This test method covers the determination of moisture,
and combustion. It is composed of metallic and glass particles
noncombustibles and combustibles, and the calculation of
in addition to the residue from combustion of organic sub-
higher heating value content of a large mass of refuse-derived
stances.
fuel-three (RDF).
3.1.4 forms of refuse-derived fuel (RDF): —
1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste
RDF-1—Wastes used as a fuel in as-discarded form.
material, including residues from combustion, from which a
RDF-2—Wastes processed to coarse particle size with or
representative sample can be prepared.
without ferrous metal separation.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
RDF-3—shredded fuel derived from municipal solid waste
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
(MSW) that has been processed to remove metal, glass, and
only.
other inorganics. This material has a particle size such that 95
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
weight % passes through a 2-in. (50 mm) square mesh screen.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
RDF-4—Combustiblewasteprocessedintopowderform,95
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
weight % passing 10-mesh screening.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
RDF-5—Combustible waste densified (compressed) into the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 7 for
form of pellets, slugs, cubettes, or briquettes.
additional hazard information.
RDF-6—Combustible waste processed into liquid fuel.
2. Referenced Documents
RDF-7—Combustible waste processed into gaseous fuel.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Summary of Test Method
E711 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Refuse-
4.1 Amacrosample of RDF is dried and ashed successively.
Derived Fuel by the Bomb Calorimeter
The moisture, combustibles, and noncombustibles content are
E791 Test Method for Calculating Refuse-Derived Fuel
determined gravimetrically.
Analysis Data from As-Determined to Different Bases
4.2 Heating value of a macrosample of RDF is calculated
3. Terminology using an established moisture and noncombustible free heating
value.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
4.2.1 Normal practice is for contracting practices to rate
3.1.1 combustibles—that portion of the RDF sample which
RDF on a higher heating value basis.
is consumed upon ignition exclusive of the moisture present in
4.2.2 If contracting parties choose to rate RDF on a lower
the sample.
heating value basis, provision is made using an established
3.1.2 macrosample—a representative sample in the order of
moisture and non-combustible free lower heating value.
1 kg mass is used to determine moisture, combustible, and
noncombustible content without further processing or size
5. Significance and Use
reduction.
5.1 This test method is available to producers and users of
RDF as a means of determining thermal characteristics of a
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
large sample of RDF without extensive processing of the
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 onTreatment,
laboratory sample. It is intended that the results obtained be
Recovery and Reuse.
usedtomonitorchangesinthefuelcharacteristicsofRDFover
Current edition approved March 25, 1988. Published May 1988. Originally
published as E955-83. Last previous edition E955-83. DOI: 10.1520/E0955-88R04. a period of time.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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E955–88 (2004)
6. Apparatus 9.2.1 Place the container with the dried sample into a
laboratory hood, and ignite the sample with a flame. Stirring is
6.1 Oven—A large chamber mechanical draft oven (ap-
required to maintain the flame. Take care so no sample is lost
proximately 508 by 508 by 508 mm (20 by 20 by 20 in.) inside
when stirring.
dimensions) capable of maintaining a controlled temperature
between 100 and 500°C may be used. A minimum of one air
NOTE 5—Caution: Because of the unknown nature of the material, use
change per minute is satisfactory.Air flow should be baffled to caution during ignition and stirring.
prevent any sample loss due to air currents.
9.2.2 When a flame can no longer be maintained, place the
container with the partially combusted sample into the oven at
NOTE 1—A home electric oven with self-cleaning mode of operation,
modified with an air inlet has been found satisfactory. 500°C until constant weight is reached.
6.2 Balance, having a sensitivity of 0.5 g and a capacity of
NOTE 6—It may be determined that constant weight can be routinely
at least 2000 g.
established by allowing samples to ash at the prescribed temperature for
a set period of time. (Two hours have been found to be sufficient).
6.3 Sample Container—Anoncorroding pan (stainless steel
3 3
NOTE 7—A home electric oven in the self cleaning mode modified to
or aluminum) approximately 15 dm (0.5 ft ).
permit air circulation has been found to achieve sufficient ashing during a
NOTE 2—Disposable aluminum roasting pans (381 3 508 3 82.6 mm)
3 h clean cycle.
(12 by 20 by 3 ⁄4)) have been suitable for this purpose. (Two pans will
9.2.3 Remove the container and noncombustibles from the
probably be required fora1kg sample).
oven.As soon as the container is cool enough to handle, weigh
7. Hazards to the nearest 0.5 g.
7.1 Due to the origins of RDF in municipal waste, common
10. Calculation
sense dictates
...
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