ASTM F2369-04(2010)
(Specification)Standard Safety Specification for Non-Integral Firearm Locking Devices
Standard Safety Specification for Non-Integral Firearm Locking Devices
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers non-integral locking devices used to increase safety on unloaded firearms.
1.2 This specification contains functional, operational, and safety requirements for non-integral firearm locking devices. Included are function descriptions, force tests, and surreptitious entry tests as set forth in Section 5.
1.3 The specification is intended to apply only to non-integral locks or locking mechanisms applied to, in, around, or about a firearm, either external to the firearm or by some method of introduction to or within the firearm. The specification is not intended to set evaluation standards by which safety levers, firing pin blocks, or other traditional discharge prevention mechanisms are evaluated, notwithstanding the fact that these mechanisms may prevent inadvertent discharge. This specification is not applicable to devices used for, or intended for, the prevention of theft or other intentional misuse of firearms.
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Designation:F2369 −04(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Safety Specification for
Non-Integral Firearm Locking Devices
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2369; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This specification is intended to establish means of determining whether locking devices applied to
a firearm adequately serve the purpose of deterring the unauthorized use of firearms.
Subcommittee F15.53 on Non-Integral Firearm Locking Devices has been working to develop a
performance standard for these products. Our first meeting was held inApril 2001, after the Consumer
Products Safety Commission and others requested thatASTM organize an effort to develop a standard
for gun locks. Representatives of manufacturers, purchasers, user groups, and others have voluntarily
contributed their time and energy toward a common goal.
Thesubcommitteedefinedthescopeoftheirworktoexcludelockboxes,andSubcommitteeF15.55
has since been formed to work on a standard for those products. Subcommittee F15.53 decided to
targetasingle,minimumperformancestandardforalldevices,asopposedtodefiningseveral“grades”
or performance levels. Finally, the subcommittee focused on test methods that were objective,
realistic, reliable, and repeatable.
1. Scope 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
1.1 This specification covers non-integral locking devices
only.
used to increase safety on unloaded firearms.
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
1.2 This specification contains functional, operational, and
test method portions of this specification. This standard does
safety requirements for non-integral firearm locking devices.
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
Includedarefunctiondescriptions,forcetests,andsurreptitious
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
entry tests as set forth in Section 5.
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
1.3 The specification is intended to apply only to non-
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
integral locks or locking mechanisms applied to, in, around, or
to use.
about a firearm, either external to the firearm or by some
2. Referenced Documents
method of introduction to or within the firearm. The specifi-
cation is not intended to set evaluation standards by which
2.1 ASTM Standards:
safety levers, firing pin blocks, or other traditional discharge
F883 Performance Specification for Padlocks
prevention mechanisms are evaluated, notwithstanding the fact
NOTE 3—Ashock impact fixture and a cutting fixture are illustrated and
thatthesemechanismsmaypreventinadvertentdischarge.This
detailed in Specification F883. Fixtures shall be constructed utilizing the
specification is not applicable to devices used for, or intended
same designs as illustrated and detailed in Specification F883.
for, the prevention of theft or other intentional misuse of
2.2 ASME Standards:
firearms.
ASME B107.20M Pliers (Lineman’s, Iron Worker’s, Gas,
NOTE 1—Tests described are laboratory type tests and although they
Glass, Fence, and Battery)
may simulate some field conditions, they do not duplicate all field test
conditions.
ASME B107.25M Pliers—Performance Test Methods
NOTE 2—There is no apparent comparable ISO/IEC standard.
NOTE 4—A cable cutting fixture shall be constructed that meets the
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.53 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
NonIntegral Firearm Locking Devices. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F2369 – 04. DOI: Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
10.1520/F2369-04R10. International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2369−04 (2010)
requirements of ASME B107.20M. One example implementation of a
3.2.6 plug—part of a lock cylinder which contains the
fixture designed to meet these requirements is detailed in Appendix X2.
keyway.
2.3 ANSI Standard:
3.2.7 properly installed—firearms locking device is in-
ANSI Z535.4 Product Safety Signs and Labels
stalled according to the instructions that accompany the lock-
ing device.
3. Terminology
3.2.8 shackle—part of a padlock that passes through an
3.1 Definitions of Firearms Terms Specific to this Standard:
opening in an object or fits around an object and is ultimately
3.1.1 action—combination of the receiver or frame and
locked into the case.
breech bolt together with the other parts of the mechanism by
which a firearm is loaded, fired, and unloaded.
4. General Requirements
3.1.2 barrel—part of a firearm through which a projectile or
4.1 Removal shall be by key, combination, or other unique
shot charge travels under the impetus of powder gases. It may
method, or a combination thereof, as defined by the instruc-
be rifled or smooth bore.
tions accompanying the locking device.
3.1.3 cartridge—single round of ammunition consisting of
4.2 Each combination locking device shall open with only
the case, primer, and propellant with or without one or more
one of a minimum of 1000 actual combinations.
projectiles. It also applies to a shotshell.
4.3 Keylockingdevicesshallhaveaminimumof130actual
3.1.4 case—mainbodyofasingleroundofammunitioninto
key codes and the operability of each firearm locking device
which other components are inserted to form a cartridge. It
shall be limited to only one of these key codes.
usually refers to centerfire and rimfire cartridges and serves as
4.4 Locking devices that function by insertion into the
a gas seal during firing of the cartridge. It is usually made of
chamber or barrel of a firearm shall not be of such a color or
brass,steel,copper,aluminum,orplastic,andisalsoreferredto
design that they may be confused for a cartridge or shotshell.
as a shell case.
The purpose is to prevent an observer from seeing a live
3.1.5 chamber—in a rifle, shotgun, or pistol, the rearmost
cartridge or shell in the chamber and thinking it is the firearm
part of the barrel that has been formed to accept a specific
locking device.
cartridge or shotshell. In a revolver, the holes in the cylinder
that have been formed to accept a cartridge. 4.5 When used in the manner designed and intended by the
manufacturer, the firearm locking device shall be capable of
3.1.6 firearm—assemblyofabarrelandactionfromwhicha
repeated use and shall pass the testing procedures described in
projectile is propelled through a deflagration (burning) of
this specification.
propellant.
4.6 The firearm locking device, when properly installed on
3.1.7 primer—cartridge ignition component consisting of
a firearm, shall not be disabled through disassembly of the
brass or gilding metal cup, priming mixture, anvil, and foil
firearm, and subsequent reassembly of that firearm.
disc,whichfiresthecartridgewhenstruckwithsufficientforce.
3.1.8 shotgun—smooth bore shoulder firearm designated to
5. Testing Procedures
fire cartridges containing numerous pellets or a single slug.
5.1 General:
3.1.9 shotshell—round of ammunition containing multiple
5.1.1 All tests shall be conducted within the following
pellets, or designed for use in a shotgun.
tolerances as applicable:
3.1.10 trigger guard—rigid loop that partially surrounds the
5.1.1.1 Force: 0.5 % of working range.
trigger to reduce the possibility of accidental discharge.
5.1.1.2 Height: 66 mm (0.25 in.).
5.1.1.3 Torque: 4.0 % of reading.
3.2 Descriptions of Firearms Locking Device Terms Specific
5.1.1.4 Weight: 610 g (0.02 lb).
to this Standard:
5.1.2 All tests shall be conducted at temperatures between
3.2.1 case—housing or body of a lock or latch.
16 and 27°C (61 to 81°F).
3.2.2 disabled—defeating the firearm locking device,
5.1.3 Each test in this section shall be performed on a
thereby rendering the firearm capable of firing.
locking device that has been subjected only to the precondi-
3.2.3 firearms locking device—device that is non-integral to
tioning specified in 5.1.5.
the firearm, that locks and that is intended to deter unauthor-
5.1.4 Test methods shall be performed on each firearm
ized users from firing a firearm.
locking device model submitted for testing pursuant to this
3.2.4 key—object intended by the manufacturer to be in- standard in an attempt to disable the device.
sertedintothekeywayasameanstolockorunlockthelocking 5.1.5 Open and close locking device fully 100 times prior to
device. testing.
3.2.5 keyway—opening in a lock cylinder that is shaped to
5.2 Picking or Manipulating Test:
accept a key bit, blade, or other unique device used to lock or
5.2.1 Picking Test—This test does not apply if the device
unlock the device.
does not have a keyway. The firearms locking device shall
resist picking with the use of paper clips (jumbo size), paper
clips(#1size),andsmallscrewdriversthatfitinthekeywayfor
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. 2 min with each of these tools. Time shall be counted only
F2369−04 (2010)
while tools are in contact with the lock. If the lock is disabled 5.5.2 Cable Cutting Test—This test does not apply if the
during the 6 min of manipulation, picking tests are performed device does not have a cable. Use a fixture that meets the
on three additional samples. Failure occurs if any one of the requirements ofASME B107.20M, Sections 4.2 Wire Cutting,
three additional samples is disabled. 4.3 Paper Cutting, 5.1 CutTest, and 5.2 HardnessTest forType
5.2.2 Combination Manipulation Test—This test does not 1 (Lineman’s) Pliers in accordance with ASME B107.25M,
apply if the device does not have a combination lock mecha- Sections 5.2.1 Wire Cut Test, 5.2.2 Paper Cut Test, and 5.3.3.2
nism. The firearms locking device shall resist manual manipu- Jaws (Pliers Hardness Test). The cable of a firearm locking
lation by dialing the combination wheels or pushing the device shall withstand cutting through with a machine force of
combination buttons or manipulating other combination lock 3336 N (750 lbf) applied gradually over not less than 10 s, for
means by hand for 2 min. Manipulation is limited to the a duration of 30 s with the firearm locking device supported on
combination mechanism. Time shall be counted only while bothsidesofthepointoftheshearcutwithallowanceforblade
hands are manipulating the lock. Failure occurs if the lock is clearance. Failure occurs if the firearm locking device is
disabled without the proper combination being entered during disabled.
2 min of manipulation.
5.6 Cable Lock Impact Test:
5.3 Shock Test:
5.6.1 This test does not apply if the device does not have a
5.3.1 Using the shock impact fixture referenced in 2.1, drop
cable. The test shall be performed using a cable lock impact
a 1 kg (2.2 lb) weight from a distance of 1 m (39.4 in.) five
test fixture. One such example is shown in Appendix X3. The
times onto the firearm locking device, which is oriented so that
cable of the lock shall be attached to the test fixture so that the
a flat blade screwdriver can impinge upon and penetrate along
nearest surface of the body of the lock is 50 mm (1.9 in.) from
the rotation axis into the keyway, or for a combination lock,
the cable-clamping point on the fixture. The lock shall be
onto the combination mechanism. Additionally, using the
oriented so that the side of the lock impacts the anvil squarely.
shock impact fixture, dropa1kg (2.2 lb) weight from a
The test fixture will be set so that the lock achieves a speed of
distance of 1 m (39.4 in.), five times to the side opposite the
10 to 11.5 m/s (33 to 38 ft/s) before striking the anvil. Perform
keyway or the combination mechanism, of a firearm locking
three tests on each surface, excluding the surface(s) where the
device using the anvil rod (see Specification F883, Detail 5).
cable attaches to the body of the lock and the surface opposite
the surface where the cable attaches to the body of the lock.
NOTE 5—If this second shock test on the side opposite the keyway or
Failure occurs if the firearm locking device is disabled.
combination mechanism is not possible, the tester is to use discretion and
hit the most vulnerable side. Failure occurs if the firearm locking device
5.7 Trigger Lock Impact Test:
is disabled by the shock test.
5.7.1 This test does not apply if the device does not lock the
5.4 Tensile Test—Specific fixtures may be required to allow
trigger or trigger guard. A handgun trigger guard fixture is
application of the required force to the individual components.
shown in Appendix X1. The lock shall be affixed to the
5.4.1 For firearm locking devices that have clamping
handgun trigger guard fixture in accordance with the instruc-
components, support the firearm locking device in a fixture
tions accompanying the locking device. The handgun trigger
designed to enable application of forces in tension along a
guard fixture shall be attached to the test fixture drop mecha-
central axis of the mating locking components of the firearm
nism so that the side projection of the trigger lock will impact
locking device. Apply 1000 N (225 lb) of force slowly along
theedgeoftheanvil.Thetestfixturewillbesetsothatthelock
the central axis of the firearm locking device locking compo-
is dropped 1.5 m (59 in.) before striking the anvil. Perform
nents without interfering with or giving support to any of the
three drops at each orientation and perform the test so that the
mating locking components of the firearm locking device.
lock is impacted in six directions 90° apart (once for each
Failure occurs if the firearm locking device is disabled by the
direction in the XYZ axes). Failure occurs if the trigger lock is
tensile test.
disabled, or if the halves of the trigger lock separate from the
5.4.2 For firearm locking devices that have cable locking
surface of the handgun trigger guard fixture by 5 mm (0.2 in.)
components, support the firearm locking device in a fixture
or more.
designed to enable application of forces in tension along a
5.8 Plug Torque Test:
central axis.
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