ASTM C67-00
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and testing of brick and structural clay tile. Although not necessarily applicable to all types of units, tests include modulus of rupture, compressive strength, absorption, saturation coefficient, effect of freezing and thawing, efflorescence, initial rate of absorption and determination of weight, size, warpage, length change, and void area. (Additional methods of test pertinent to ceramic glazed facing tile are included in Specification C 126.)
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 1—The testing laboratory performing this test method should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C 1093.
1.3 Unless otherwise indicated, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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American Association State Highway and Transportation
Designation: C 67 – 00 Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T 32-70
Standard Test Methods for
Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 67; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling
ing
and testing of brick and structural clay tile. Although not
necessarily applicable to all types of units, tests include
3. Terminology
modulus of rupture, compressive strength, absorption, satura-
3.1 Definitions—Terminology E 6 and Terminology C 43
tion coefficient, effect of freezing and thawing, efflorescence,
shall be considered as applying to the terms used in these test
initial rate of absorption and determination of weight, size,
methods.
warpage, length change, and void area. (Additional methods of
test pertinent to ceramic glazed facing tile are included in
4. Sampling
Specification C 126.)
4.1 Selection of Test Specimens—For the purpose of these
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
tests, full-size brick, tile, or solid masonry units shall be
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
selected by the purchaser or by his authorized representative.
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
Specimens shall be representative of the whole lot of units
as requirements of the standard.
from which they are selected and shall include specimens
NOTE 1—The testing laboratory performing this test method should be
representative of the complete range of colors, textures and
evaluated in accordance with Practice C 1093.
sizes in the shipment and shall be free of dirt, mud, mortar, or
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded other foreign materials unassociated with the manufacturing
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
process.
information only. 4.2 Number of Specimens:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2.1 Brick—For the modulus of rupture, compressive
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the strength, abrasion resistance, and absorption determinations, at
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
least ten individual brick shall be selected for lots of 1 000 000
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- brick or fraction thereof. For larger lots, five additional
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
specimens shall be selected from each additional 500 000 brick
or fraction thereof. Additional specimens are taken at the
2. Referenced Documents
discretion of the purchaser.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2.2 Structural Clay Tile—For the weight determination
C 43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products
and for compressive strength and absorption tests, at least five
C 126 Specification for Ceramic Glazed Structural Clay
tile shall be selected from each lot of 250 tons (226.8 Mg) or
Facing Tile, Facing Brick, and Solid Masonry Units
fraction thereof. For larger lots, five additional specimens shall
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
be tested for each 500 tons (453.6 Mg) or fraction thereof. In
C 1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for
no case shall less than five tile be taken. Additional specimens
Unit Masonry
are taken at the discretion of the purchaser.
4.3 Identification—Each specimen shall be marked so that it
may be identified at any time. Markings shall cover not more
than 5 % of the superficial area of the specimen.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of Committee C15 on Manufac-
4.4 Weight Determination:
tured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on
4.4.1 Drying—Dry the test specimens in a ventilated oven
Brick and Structural Clay Tile.
at 230 to 239°F (110 to 115°C) for not less than 24 h and until
Current edition approved June 10, 2000. Published September 2000. Originally
published as C 67–37T and C 112–34T. Last previous edition C 67–99a.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.
3 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C67–00
two successive weighings at intervals of 2 h show an increment machine immediately prior to application of the load is not
of loss not greater than 0.2 % of the last previously determined more than 0.05 in. (1.27 mm)/min.
weight of the specimen. 5.3 Calculation and Report:
4.4.2 Cooling—After drying, cool the specimens in a drying 5.3.1 Calculate the modulus of rupture of each specimen as
follows:
room maintained at a temperature of 75 6 15°F (24 6 8°C),
with a relative humidity between 30 and 70 %. Store the units
S 5 3W l 2 2 x bd (1)
~ !
/ /
free from drafts, unstacked, with separate placement, for a
period of at least 4 h and until the surface temperature is within
where:
S = modulus of rupture of the specimen at the plane of
5° of the drying room temperature. Do not use specimens
noticeably warm to the touch for any test requiring dry units. failure, lb/in. (Pa),
W = maximum load indicated by the testing machine, lbf
The specimens shall be stored in the drying room with the
(N),
required temperature and humidity maintained until tested.
l = distance between the supports, in. (mm),
4.4.2.1 An alternative method of cooling the specimens to
b = net width, (face to face minus voids), of the specimen
approximate room temperature shall be permitted as follows:
at the plane of failure, in. (mm),
Store units, unstacked, with separate placement, in a ventilated
d = depth, (bed surface to bed surface), of the specimen at
room maintained at a temperature of 75 6 15°F (24 6 8°C),
the plane of failure, in. (mm), and
with a relative humidity between 30 and 70 % for a period of
x = average distance from the midspan of the specimen to
4 h and until the surface temperature is within 5° of the
the plane of failure measured in the direction of the
ventilated room temperature, with a current of air from an
span along the centerline of the bed surface subjected
electric fan passing over them for a period of at least 2 h. The
to tension, in. (mm).
specimens shall be stored in the ventilated room with the
5.3.2 Report the average of the modulus of rupture deter-
required temperature and humidity maintained until tested.
minations of all the specimens tested as the modulus of rupture
4.4.3 Weighing and Report:
of the lot.
4.4.3.1 Weigh five dry full size specimens. The scale or
balance used shall have a capacity of not less than 3000 g and
6. Compressive Strength
shall be sensitive to 0.5 g.
6.1 Test Specimens:
4.4.3.2 Report results separately for each unit with the
6.1.1 Brick—The test specimens shall consist of dry half
average for five units or more.
brick (see 4.4.1), the full height and width of the unit, with a
4.5 Removal of Silicone Coatings from Brick Units—The
length equal to one half the full length of the unit 61 in. (25.4
silicone coatings intended to be removed by this process are
mm), except as described below. If the test specimen, described
any of the various polymeric organic silicone compounds used
above, exceeds the testing machine capacity, the test specimens
for water-resistant coatings of brick units. Heat the brick at 950
shall consist of dry pieces of brick, the full height and width of
6 50°F (510 6 10°C) in an oxidizing atmosphere for a period
the unit, with a length not less than one quarter of the full
of not less than 3 h. The rate of heating and cooling shall not
length of the unit, and with a gross cross-sectional area
exceed 300°F (149°C) per h.
2 2
perpendicular to bearing not less than 14 in. (90.3 cm ). Test
specimens shall be obtained by any method that will produce,
5. Modulus of Rupture (Flexure Test)
without shattering or cracking, a specimen with approximately
5.1 Test Specimens—The test specimens shall consist of
plane and parallel ends. Five specimens shall be tested.
whole dry full-size units (see 4.4.1). Five such specimens shall
6.1.2 Structural Clay Tile—Test five dry tile specimens in a
be tested.
bearing bed length equal to the width 61 in. (25.4 mm); or test
5.2 Procedure:
full-size units.
5.2.1 Support the test specimen flatwise unless specified and
6.2 Capping Test Specimens:
reported otherwise (that is, apply the load in the direction of the
6.2.1 All specimens shall be dry and cool within the
depth of the unit) on a span approximately 1 in. (25.4 mm) less
meaning of 4.4.1 and 4.4.2 before any portion of the capping
than the basic unit length and loaded at midspan. If the
procedure is carried out.
specimens have recesses (panels or depressions) place them so
6.2.2 If the surface which will become bearing surfaces
that such recesses are on the compression side. Apply the load
during the compression test are recessed or paneled, fill the
to the upper surface of the specimen through a steel bearing
depressions with a mortar composed of 1 part by weight of
1 1
plate ⁄4 in. (6.35 mm) in thickness and 1 ⁄2 in. (38.10 mm) in
quick-hardening cement conforming to the requirements for
width and of a length at least equal to the width of the
Type III cement of Specification C 150, and 2 parts by weight
specimen.
of sand. Age the specimens at least 48 h before capping them.
5.2.2 Make sure the supports for the test specimen are free Where the recess exceeds ⁄2 in. (12.7 mm), use a brick or tile
to rotate in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the test
slab section or metal plate as a core fill. Cap the test specimens
specimen and adjust them so that they will exert no force in using one of the two procedures described in 6.2.3 and 6.2.4.
these directions.
6.2.3 Gypsum Capping—Coat the two opposite bearing
5.2.3 Speed of Testing—The rate of loading shall not exceed surfaces of each specimen with shellac and allow to dry
2000 lbf (8896 N)/min. but this requirement is considered as thoroughly. Bed one of the dry shellacked surfaces of the
being met if the speed of the moving head of the testing specimen in a thin coat of neat paste of calcined gypsum
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C67–00
(plaster of paris) that has been spread on an oiled nonabsorbent place a steel plate with surfaces machined to true planes within
plate, such as glass or machined metal. The casting surface 6 0.001 in. (0.03 mm), and with a thickness equal to at least
plate shall be plane within 0.003 in. (0.076 mm) in 16 in. one third of the distance from the edge of the spherical bearing
(406.4 mm) and sufficiently rigid; and so supported that it will to the most distant corner between the spherical bearing block
not be measurably deflected during the capping operation. and the capped specimen.
Lightly coat it with oil or other suitable material. Repeat this 6.3.4 Speed of Testing—Apply the load, up to one half of the
procedure with the other shellacked surface. Take care that the expected maximum load, at any convenient rate, after which,
opposite bearing surfaces so formed will be approximately adjust the controls of the machine so that the remaining load is
parallel and perpendicular to the vertical axis of the specimen applied at a uniform rate in not less than 1 nor more than 2 min.
and the thickness of the caps will be approximately the same 6.4 Calculation and Report:
and not exceeding ⁄8 in. (3.18 mm). Age the caps at least 24 h 6.4.1 Calculate the compressive strength of each specimen
before testing the specimens. as follows:
Compressive strength, C 5 W A (2)
NOTE 2—A rapid-setting industrial type gypsum, such as Hydrocal or
/
Hydrostone, is frequently used for capping.
where:
6.2.4 Sulfur-Filler Capping—Use a mixture containing 40
C = compressive strength of the specimen, lb/in. (or
to 60 weight % sulfur, the remainder being ground fire clay or kg/cm ) (or Pa·10 )
other suitable inert material passing a No. 100 (150-μm) sieve W = maximum load, lbf, (or kgf) (or N), indicated by the
with or without plasticizer. The casting surface plate require- testing machine, and
A = average of the gross areas of the upper and lower
ments shall be as described in 6.2.3. Place four 1-in. (25.4-mm)
2 2
bearing surfaces of the specimen, in. (or cm ).
square steel bars on the surface plate to form a rectangular
mold approximately ⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) greater in either inside
NOTE 3—When compressive strength is to be based on net area
dimension than the specimen. Heat the sulfur mixture in a
(example: clay floor tile), substitute for A in the above formula the net
2 2
thermostatically controlled heating pot to a temperature suffi-
area, in in. (or cm ), of the fired clay in the section of minimum area
cient to maintain fluidity for a reasonable period of time after perpendicular to the direction of the load.
contact with the surface being capped. Take care to prevent
7. Absorption
overheating, and stir the liquid in the pot just before use. Fill
1 7.1 Accuracy of Weighings:
the mold to a depth of ⁄4 in. (6.35 mm) with molten sulfur
7.1.1 Brick—The scale or balance used shall have a capacity
material. Place the surface of the unit to be capped quickly in
of not less than 2000 g, and shall be sensitive to 0.5 g.
the liquid, and hold the specimen so that its vertical axis is at
7.1.2 Tile—The balance used shall be sensitive to within
right angles to the capping surface. The thickness of the caps
0.2 % of the weight of the smallest specimen tested.
shall be approximately the same. Allow the unit to remain
7.2 Test Specimens:
undisturbed until solidification is complete. Allow the caps to
7.2.1 Brick—The test specimens shall consist of half brick
cool for a minimum of 2 h before testing the specimens.
conforming to the requirements of 6.1.1. Five specimens shall
6.3 Procedure:
be tested.
6.3.1 Test brick specimens flatwise (that is, t
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