ASTM D1173-07(2015)

Standard Test Method for Foaming Properties of Surface-Active Agents

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of foaming properties of surface-active agents. Glass tubing apparatus for this test method shall include pipet and a receiver. Apparatus requirements like dimensions, shape, calibration marks, rubber stoppers, etc., shall conform to the specifications as indicated in this standard method. Test solution preparation shall include water preheating, adding the surface-active agent while stirring, and solution aging. Test procedure for foaming properties determination shall be done while surface-active solution is aging as indicated in this standard test method. Report shall include test solution concentration, temperature, water hardness, and foam height.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the foaming properties of surface-active agents as defined in Terminology D459. This test method is applicable under limited and controlled conditions, but does not necessarily yield information correlating with specific end uses.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2015
• ICS: 71.100.40 - Surface active agents
• Technical Committee: D12 - Soaps and Other Detergents
• Drafting Committee: D12.15 - Physical Testing

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1173 − 07 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Foaming Properties of Surface-Active Agents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1173; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope point of attachment to the bulb and shall contain an orifice
sealed into the lower end. The orifice shall be constructed from
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the foam-
precision bore tubing having an inside diameter of 2.9 6 0.02
ing properties of surface-active agents as defined in Terminol-
mm and a length of 10 6 0.05 mm, with both ends ground
ogy D459. This test method is applicable under limited and
square. The orifice shall have an outside diameter so as to fit
controlled conditions, but does not necessarily yield informa-
snugly into the lower stem and form a secure seal to the stem
tion correlating with specific end uses.
when heated with a sharp pointed flame in the blow torch. The
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
pipet shall be calibrated to contain 200 6 0.2 mL at 20°C. The
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
calibration mark shall be on the upper stem at least 15 mm
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
below the barrel of the stopcock and shall completely encircle
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
the stem.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2 Receiver—The receiver (Fig. 2) shall be constructed
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
from standard-wall, chemically resistant glass tubing having an
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
internal diameter of 50 6 0.8 mm, with one end constricted and
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
sealed to a straight-bore, solid-plug, standard-taper No. 6
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
stopcock having a 6-mm bore and 12-mm stems. The receiver
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
shall have three calibration marks which shall completely
encircle the tube. The first mark shall be at the 50-mL point,
2. Referenced Documents
shall be measured with the stopcock closed, and shall not be on
2.1 ASTM Standards:
any curved portion of the constriction. The second mark shall
D459 Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other Detergents
be at the 250-mL point, and the third mark at a distance of 90
6 0.5 cm above the 50-mL mark. The receiver tube shall be
3. Apparatus
mounted in a standard-wall tubular water jacket, having an
3.1 Pipet—The pipet (Fig. 1) shall be constructed from
external diameter of not less than 70 mm, fitted with inlet and
standard-wall, chemically resistant glass tubing having the
outlet connections. The jacket may be attached to the receiver
following dimensions: for the bulb, 45 6 1.5 mm outside
with rubber stoppers or may be sealed at the top and bottom.
diameter; for the lower stem, 7 6 0.5 mm outside diameter.
The seal at the bottom shall be as close to the barrel of the
The upper stem shall be constructed to contain a solid-stopper,
stopcock as practicable. The assembled receiver and jacket
straight bore, No. 2, standard-taper stopcock having a 2-mm
shall be mounted securely in a plumb position and the jacket
bore and stems 8 mm in outside diameter. Both the upper and
connected to a source of water thermostatically maintained at
lower seals of the bulb to the stems shall be hemispherical in
120 6 1°F (49 6 0.5°C) for circulating through the jacket. At
shape. The lower stem shall be 60 6 2 mm in length from the
the top of the receiver there shall be a platform, flush with the
top of the assembly, having a metal plate in which is drilled
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps three indexing holes circumferentially placed around the re-
and Other Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.15 on
ceiver and having an angular displacement of 120° from each
Physical Testing.
other. A clamp, which may be securely attached to the upper
Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally approved
part of the pipet, shall fit into the holes. The clamp shall have
in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1173 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/
D1173-07R15.
three leveling screws and lock nuts and when
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1173 − 07 D1173 − 07 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Foaming Properties of Surface-Active Agents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1173; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the foaming properties of surface-active agents as defined in Terminology
D459. This test method is applicable under limited and controlled conditions, but does not necessarily yield information correlating
with specific end uses.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D459 Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other Detergents
3. Apparatus
3.1 Pipet—The pipet (Fig. 1) shall be constructed from standard-wall, chemically resistant glass tubing having the following
dimensions: for the bulb, 45 6 1.5 mm outside diameter; for the lower stem, 7 6 0.5 mm outside diameter. The upper stem shall
be constructed to contain a solid-stopper, straight bore, No. 2, standard-taper stopcock having a 2-mm bore and stems 8 mm in
outside diameter. Both the upper and lower seals of the bulb to the stems shall be hemispherical in shape. The lower stem shall
be 60 6 2 mm in length from the point of attachment to the bulb and shall contain an orifice sealed into the lower end. The orifice
shall be constructed from precision bore tubing having an inside diameter of 2.9 6 0.02 mm and a length of 10 6 0.05 mm, with
both ends ground square. The orifice shall have an outside diameter so as to fit snugly into the lower stem and form a secure seal
to the stem when heated with a sharp pointed flame in the blow torch. The pipet shall be calibrated to contain 200 6 0.2 mL at
20°C. The calibration mark shall be on the upper stem at least 15 mm below the barrel of the stopcock and shall completely encircle
the stem.
3.2 Receiver—The receiver (Fig. 2) shall be constructed from standard-wall, chemically resistant glass tubing having an internal
diameter of 50 6 0.8 mm, with one end constricted and sealed to a straight-bore, solid-plug, standard-taper No. 6 stopcock having
a 6-mm bore and 12-mm stems. The receiver shall have three calibration marks which shall completely encircle the tube. The first
mark shall be at the 50-mL point, shall be measured with the stopcock closed, and shall not be on any curved portion of the
constriction. The second mark shall be at the 250-mL point, and the third mark at a distance of 90 6 0.5 cm above the 50-mL mark.
The receiver tube shall be mounted in a standard-wall tubular water jacket, having an external diameter of not less than 70 mm,
fitted with inlet and outlet connections. The jacket may be attached to the receiver with rubber stoppers or may be sealed at the
top and bottom. The seal at the bottom shall be as close to the barrel of the stopcock as practicable. The assembled receiver and
jacket shall be mounted securely in a plumb position and the jacket connected to a source of water thermostatically maintained
at 120 6 1°F (49 6 0.5°C) for circulating through the jacket. At the top of the receiver there shall be a platform, flush with the
top of the assembly, having a metal plate in which is drilled three indexing holes circumferentially placed around the receiver and
having an angular displacement of 120° from each other. A clamp, which may be securely attached to the upper part of the pipet,
shall fit into the holes. The clamp shall have three leveling screws and lock nuts and when properly mounted, shall exactly center
the pipet in the receiver and bring the lower tip of the pipet level with the upper calibration mark on the receiver. A meter stick
shall be fastened to the side or behind the receiver with the zero point level with the 250-mL calibration point on the receiver.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps and Other Detergents and is the
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