ASTM D8162-20a

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Apparent Viscosity of Thermoplastic Pavement Marking Materials using a Rotational Viscometer with Temperature Control Heating Unit

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to measure the apparent viscosity of thermoplastic pavement marking at elevated temperatures. Elevated temperature viscosities of thermoplastic pavement marking may be related to the properties of coatings, adhesives, and composite thermoplastics. This method is helpful in determining the flow properties which can be used in determining processability when applied to the road surface.  
5.2 Thermoplastic pavement markings may be applied to the road surface in several different ways. Typical methods of application are screed extrude, ribbon extrude, thin film spray, and standard spray. Proper application depends on the viscosity of the thermoplastic material at application temperatures for the method being used. Thin-line applied thermoplastic pavement marking, for example, requires a relatively lower viscosity. Screed extrude applied thermoplastic requires a higher viscosity.  
5.3 Materials of the type described in this procedure may be non-Newtonian, and as such, the apparent viscosity will be a function of shear rate under the conditions of test. Although the viscometer described in this test method operates under conditions of relatively low shear rate, differences in shear effect can exist depending upon the spindle and rotational speed conditions selected for the test program. Comparisons between non-Newtonian viscosity values should be made only for measurements made with similar viscometers under conditions of equivalent shear. For this method, “torpedo” spindles are recommended. Spindles considered torpedo spindles are ~1-in. long and come in many diameters with a 45° conical bottom. A diameter that is half the diameter of the thimbles used is recommended. If large glass beads are used in the pavement marking formulation, a smaller diameter spindle may be needed so the beads do not cause an impedance of the spindle due to a jamming between the inside wall of the thimble and the spindle.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sample preparation and testing procedure needed to determine the apparent viscosity of a thermoplastic pavement marking formulation at elevated temperatures to the specimen.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are customary units and are provided as a courtesy to the user.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2020
• ICS: 93.080.20 - Road construction materials
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.44 - Traffic Coatings

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8162 − 20a
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Apparent Viscosity of Thermoplastic
Pavement Marking Materials using a Rotational Viscometer
1
with Temperature Control Heating Unit
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8162; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the sample preparation and
E2975 Test Method for Calibration or Calibration Verifica-
testing procedure needed to determine the apparent viscosity of
tion of Concentric Cylinder Rotational Viscometers
a thermoplastic pavement marking formulation at elevated
temperatures to the specimen.
3. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 The terms and definitions in Terminology D883 and
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
Terminology E284 apply to this test method.
customary units and are provided as a courtesy to the user.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.2.1 apparent viscosity, n—the viscosity determined by this
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- test method can be expressed in millipascal seconds,
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- Centipoise, and Poise. Common viscosity units of Poise (P) are
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. related to the SI units by the equivalency 1 cP = 1 mPa·s.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—An apparent viscosity value may vary
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
with the spindle and rotational speed elected for measuring
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
non-Newtonian materials.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.2 thermoplastic pavement marking (material), n—a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
highly filled 100 % total solids highway marking system that
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
when heated to a molten state can be extruded or sprayed onto
a road surface. Retroreflective optics are applied (dropped on)
2. Referenced Documents
to the surface of the molten marking immediately after
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
application to provide, when cooled, a solid durable delineator
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
or thermoplastic pavement marking usually melted to ~218°C
D7307 PracticeforSamplingofThermoplasticTrafficMark-
(425°F)
ing Materials
3.2.3 viscosity, n—the ratio of shear stress to shear rate.
D7308 Practice for Sample Preparation of Thermoplastic
3.2.3.1 Discussion—The viscosity of a liquid is a measure
Pavement Marking Materials
of the resistance to flow of the liquid. The SI unit of dynamic
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
viscosity is the pascal second. For a Newtonian liquid, the
ASTM Test Methods
viscosity is constant at all shear rates. For a non-Newtonian
E284 Terminology of Appearance
liquid, viscosity will vary depending on shear rate.
4. Summary of Test Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
4.1 This viscosity method is used to determine the apparent
Subcommittee D01.44 on Traffic Coatings.
viscosity of thermoplastic pavement marking products at
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2020. Published September 2020. Originally
elevated temperatures. Apparent viscosity is determined under
approved in 2020. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D8162 – 20. DOI:
10.1520/D8162-20A.
temperature equilibrium conditions using a rotating spindle
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
type viscometer. The torque on a spindle rotating in a
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
temperature-controlled sample holder containing a small
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. amount of sample is used to measure the relative resistance to
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8162 − 20 D8162 − 20a
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Apparent Viscosity of Thermoplastic
Pavement Marking Materials using a Rotational Viscometer
1
with Temperature Control Heating Unit
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8162; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the sample preparation and testing procedure needed to determine the apparent viscosity of a
thermoplastic pavement marking formulation at elevated temperatures to the specimen.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are customary units
and are provided as a courtesy to the user.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D7307 Practice for Sampling of Thermoplastic Traffic Marking Materials
D7308 Practice for Sample Preparation of Thermoplastic Pavement Marking Materials
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E2975 Test Method for Calibration or Calibration Verification of Concentric Cylinder Rotational Viscometers
3. Terminology
3.1 The terms and definitions in Terminology D883 and Terminology E284 apply to this test method.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.44 on Traffic Coatings.
Current edition approved June 1, 2020Sept. 1, 2020. Published September 2020. Originally approved in 2020. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D8162 – 20. DOI:
10.1520/D8162-20.10.1520/D8162-20A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8162 − 20a
3.2.1 apparent viscosity, n—the viscosity determined by this test method can be expressed in millipascal seconds, Centipoise, and
Poise. Common viscosity units of Poise (P) are related to the SI units by the equivalency 1 cP = 1 mPa·s.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
An apparent viscosity value may vary with the spindle and rotational speed elected for measuring non-Newtonian materials.
3.2.2 thermoplastic pavement marking (material), n—a highly filled 100 % total solids highway marking system that when heated
to a molten state can be extruded or sprayed onto a road surface. Retroreflective optics are applied (dropped on) to the surface of
the molten marking immediately after application to provide, when cooled, a solid durable delineator or thermoplastic pavement
marking usually melted to ~218°C (425°F)
3.2.3 viscosity, n—the ratio of shear stress to shear rate.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—
The viscosity of a liquid is a measure of the resistance to flow of the liquid. The SI unit of dynamic viscosity is the pascal second.
For a Newtonian liquid, the viscosity is constant at all shear rates. For a non-Newtonian liquid, viscosity will vary depending on
shear rate.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This viscosity method is used to determine the apparent viscosity of thermoplastic pavement marking products at elevated
temperatures. Apparent viscosity is determined under temperature equilibrium conditions using a rotating s
...