D01.44 - Traffic Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 After waterborne traffic paints are applied to a road, airstrip, or parking lot pavement, it is important that the paint films be sufficiently hardened, coalesced, or cured so they will not be removed by rain. This practice can be used to determine the relative performance of binders and other components within traffic paint for their effect on the water-wash off resistance of the coating. Some key elements of the coating that may affect water-wash-off performance are the quality and type of latex binder, the dry time of the coating (often conducted by Test Method D711), pigment volume concentration (PVC), and the relative water sensitivity of additives (for example, pigment dispersants, and surfactants) in the coating.
SCOPE
1.1 A traffic paint film freshly applied to a roadway, air strip, or parking lot may be exposed to rain of varying intensities shortly after application. This practice was designed to determine the relative water wash-off resistance of an applied traffic paint film under controlled laboratory conditions using a water faucet to simulate a heavy rain. This laboratory practice can also be used to compare conventional and fast-dry waterborne traffic paints and the effects of binders and other components in traffic for their relative ability to withstand a heavy rain soon after application.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 After waterborne traffic paints are applied to a road pavement, it is important that they be sufficiently coalesced or cured so they will not be removed by rain. This practice can be used to determine the relative water wash-off resistance of waterborne traffic paints when exposed to a water spray simulated rain.
SCOPE
1.1 A newly applied traffic paint film may be exposed to rain of varying intensities shortly after application. Practice D7377 describes a practice for evaluating the water wash-off resistance of traffic paints to a hard rain using a steady stream of water from a faucet at a rate of approximately 5.7 L per min. Practice D7538 is a similar practice that describes the use of an adjustable nozzle atomizing spray device to deliver a spray of water that simulates rain rates from approximately 0.05 L to 0.5 L per min. This test can be used to compare conventional and fast-dry traffic paints for their relative ability to withstand rain soon after application on roadway surfaces.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is an accelerated evaluation of bead retention, retroreflectivity, daytime color, night time color, and wear characteristics of fluid traffic marking materials. It is used to determine the useful life of such markings in the field. The same procedures are applicable to evaluating longitudinal lines to determine service life.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the relative service life of fluid traffic marking materials such as paint, thermoplastic, epoxy, and polyester products under actual road conditions using transverse test lines. Materials under test are applied under prescribed conditions and periodic observations are made using prescribed performance criteria.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method serves as a laboratory control test. Types of pavement markings that can be tested with this method are waterborne traffic paint, solvent borne traffic paint, and some two component 100 % solids liquid pavement markings, such as epoxy and modified epoxy pavement markings. If wet film thickness, temperature, and humidity are controlled within the tolerances specified herein, this method can be useful for relative testing of pavement markings and potentially for qualification of pavement markings for field application in approved specifications. For improved repeatability and meaningful comparison of pavement markings samples being tested, consistent air flow over the pavement marking films during testing is important. The buyer and seller should agree upon the air flow conditions, whether it be static or carefully regulated air flow (see 4.6.1 and 4.6.2). Because of the many variables operative in the field application of pavement markings (for example, wet film thickness, air temperature, humidity, wind speed, pavement type (asphalt or concrete), film profile over pavement, pavement temperature, pavement porosity, pavement moisture content, and the presence or absence of direct sunlight during striping), a direct correlation between the results of this test and field applications is difficult to obtain. However, relative field performance can be predicted using this method if the testing protocol is adhered to. For testing of two component 100 % solids liquid pavement markings an application of drop on retroreflective optics are typically applied at a specified rate to the markings prior to testing. For these types of pavement markings the regulation of air flow is not necessary due to the drying mechanics of the product.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the no-pick-up time of pavement markings. The method uses a wheel consisting of a metal cylinder with rubber O-rings. The wheel is rolled down a ramp over a freshly applied pavement marking film repeatedly until there is no transfer of the marking material to the rubber rings. The elapsed time from pavement marking film application to point of no marking material transfer is the no-pick-up time. Key variables to be controlled during testing are wet film thickness, temperature, humidity, air flow, and use of retroreflective optics. This standard provides three options for the testing of the no-pick-up time for pavement markings. The first option, Method A, specifies controls for temperature, humidity, and air flow during testing; a second option, Method B, specifies controls for temperature and humidity during testing, and a third option, Method C, provides guidance for performing this with a drop on application of retroreflective optics such as glass beads, Waterborne and Solvent Borne pavement markings are typically tested using Procedure A or Procedure B, without the application of drop on retroreflective optics. Pavement markings that are two component 100 % solids are typically tested using Method C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The significance of this test is to determine the thermoplastic pavement marking material’s resistance to impact over a simulated pavement substrate, under laboratory conditions, and is expressed as pass/fail or numerically. The test result can be used as a quality test or to differentiate marking materials.  
5.2 Anyone attempting to perform this test should initially review Test Methods D5420 and D2794, specifically the equipment setup.  
5.3 Sample preparation and equipment set-up should be followed precisely to minimize variability in the test result.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sample preparation over a road-type substrate and test methodology of thermoplastic pavement marking materials similar to the “Gardner Impact” method as listed in Test Method D5420.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The function of this test method is to provide numerical instrumental results indicating the cohesive and/or adhesive bond strength of thermoplastic pavement marking to a specified cement brick substrate.  
5.2 The use of this test method allows the user and manufacturer to control the quality of the product and make inferences about the performance of the thermoplastic pavement marking product. Results from these tests also provide information helpful in researching and developing thermoplastic pavement marking materials.  
5.3 The method has been revised to be more consistent to methodology in other ASTM bond methods for coatings in Test Methods D4541, D5179, and D7234.  
5.4 Strict adherence to the procedures outlined is necessary for precision of the test method. Under no conditions should the bond strength be accepted unless there is conformance to the method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides an instrumental means for the determination of thermoplastic pavement marking material bond strengths using cement bricks and loading fixtures.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Traffic paints must have good resistance to motor oil and fuel drippings on the highway. This test method describes the procedure necessary to evaluate the resistance of traffic paint to reference test fluids in order to simulate this type of action.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a laboratory procedure for determining the resistance of a dried film of traffic paint to the action of a specified hydrocarbon solvent or gasoline fuel test fluid.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method is based on the penetration of a specific type of indentor when forced into the material under specified conditions. The indentation hardness is inversely related to the penetration and is dependent on the elastic modulus, viscoelastic behavior of the material, geometry of the indentor, the applied force and temperature at test. This test method is empirical and therefore primarily for control purposes. No simple relationship exists between indentation hardness determined by this test method and any fundamental property of the material tested.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers Type A Durometer hardness of thermoplastic pavement marking material at elevated temperatures.  
1.2 This test method is similar to Test Method D2240 for hardness with special attention given to keeping the temperature of the test sample and instrument constant. Within the highway materials community, it is sometimes known as “indentation resistance.”  
1.3 All materials, instruments or equipment used for the determination of temperature, hardness and time shall be traceable to National Institute of Standards and Technology or other internationally recognized organizations parallel in nature.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The function of these test methods is to define the percent of binder and retroreflective optics or non-retroreflective particles in the composition of the thermoplastic pavement marking as defined by the applicable specification for the manufacture of a specific thermoplastic pavement marking. The subsequent sample, as a result of ashing can be used to later test for the presence of titanium dioxide, lead chromate and possibly organic pigments.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the gravimetric analysis of the binder and hydrochloric Acid (HCL) insoluble particles in white and yellow thermoplastic pavement markings. The HCL insoluble particles can be retroreflective optics, such as glass beads or some other type of retroreflective optic, or non-retroreflective particles such as silica sand, or a combination of any two or more of these materials.  
1.2 This standard does not address the physical separation and the individual quantification of each component when a mixture of two or more HCL insoluble materials is present. Rather it requires the user to visually evaluate the HCL insoluble material (obtained from following this test method) and report the types of materials present.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the titanium dioxide or lead chromate pigment measurement (after ashing) which is detailed in Test Methods D1394 and D126.  
1.4 This standard will attempt to address the interference of organic pigments with the binder results.  
1.5 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Percent Binder  
10  
Percent Retroreflective Optics or
Non-Retroreflective Particles  
11  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides a standard procedure for the preparation of thermoplastic pavement marking material test specimens prior to testing for various properties as called for in the governing specification. Specimens that are prepared using this standard methodology yield test results that are consistent with the material from which it was sampled. Test results from specimens can be used to determine compliance of the thermoplastic pavement marking material to the specification. This practice can also be used by manufacturers of these materials to prepare specimens for testing to determine the uniformity of thermoplastic pavement marking materials from batch to batch.  
5.2 This practice does not address any issues related to specific testing of the thermoplastic pavement marking materials for any physical or chemical property.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the proper preparation of test specimens of thermoplastic pavement marking materials obtained to ensure test results are representative of the material being tested.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The gradation (size distribution) of glass beads has a significant influence on the retroreflective efficiency of a pavement marking system.  
5.2 This test method is for the characterization of the gradation (size distribution) of glass beads for the purpose of compliance testing against standard specification for glass beads in pavement marking applications.  
5.3 While there are potential industrial applications for this test method beyond the measurement of gradation (size distribution) of glass beads for pavement markings, those are beyond the scope of this standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the gradation (size distribution) of glass spheres used in pavement marking systems using a Flowing Stream Digital Analyzer. Typical gradations for pavement marking systems are defined in ranges from Type 0 through 5 in AASHTO M247-08.  
1.2 This test method provides for the presentation of the size data in a variety of formats to the requirements of the agency pavement marking material specification. For most specifications the standard format is to present the size data as “Percent Retained” or “Percent Passing” relative to a series of standard US sieve sizes.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 It is important to obtain a truly representative sample of the thermoplastic pavement marking material prior to performing any tests. This can be difficult due to the wide ranges of sizes, shapes, and densities of the individual components that are used in the manufacture of these types of materials. The sample that is obtained using this guide should be representative of the manufactured lot from which it was obtained and can be used for the testing of the chemical and physical properties of the material as required by the governing specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the proper field sampling of thermoplastic pavement marking materials to ensure test results are representative of the material being tested.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The method described in this practice provides a procedure to rapidly generate pavement marking samples in the laboratory, suitable for the testing of applied pavement marking properties.  
5.2 This practice is intended to provide uniform laboratory pavement marking samples that reduce the variability associated with obtaining pavement marking samples in the field.  
5.3 This practice is particularly useful for directly comparing applied pavement marking properties as impacted by variations in materials, film thickness, and drop-on particle application rates for quality control or development purposes.  
5.4 This practice can be used in evaluating pavement marking materials formulated and produced in the laboratory and for drop-on particles specifically made and prepared in the laboratory. It can also be used for testing materials that are already manufactured and either stored as work-in-process or placed in its final packaging. When testing manufactured materials in the finished goods state, it is extremely important that a representative sample of the pavement marking material and the drop-on particles are obtained for use, in order to draw the proper conclusions from any testing done on pavement marking samples made from these materials. For proper sampling of thermoplastic pavement markings in a finished good state, it is recommended to follow Practices D7307 and D7308. For proper sampling of liquid pavement marking with both single and multicomponent materials, it is recommended to follow Practice D8008.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure and apparatus for producing a representative laboratory pavement marking sample by applying a pavement marking material onto a suitable substrate, followed immediately with an application of drop-on particles consisting of retroreflective optics or other functional particles such as skid resistance particles suitable for laboratory testing or display. Examples of pavement marking materials appropriate for this practice would include waterborne traffic paint, solvent borne traffic paint, and plural component pavement markings such as epoxy, modified epoxy, polyurea, methyl methacrylate, and thermoplastic pavement markings. Plural component materials with extremely fast gel times might not be appropriate for this practice because the material gels too quickly to allow proper embedment of the drop-on particles.  
1.2 The finished sample will consist of a pavement marking material applied in a liquid state to a sample substrate at the prescribed film thickness, with drop-on particles applied at the prescribed drop rate and embedment level on the surface of the pavement marking material, and then properly cured. The drop-on particles may consist of retroreflective optics such as glass beads or composite optics, or non-retroreflective particles such as skid resistant particles, or several of these items in combination.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard except where noted in the practice. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The nighttime retroreflective properties of pavement markings are known to improve driving safety. Retroreflective composite optics have been developed to improve retroreflectivity in dry and rainy wet conditions. For customers purchasing these materials it’s important to verify the consistency and performance. This guide provides a set of laboratory procedures which can be selected individually or together to evaluate lot-to-lot consistency of composite optics of the same type and manufacturer. These are not in-service performance procedures and don’t necessarily predict in-service performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide presents a series of options for evaluating lot-to-lot consistency of retroreflective composite optics of the same type and form from the same manufacturer and does not recommend any specific course of action to be taken. This guide is meant to increase the awareness of information and approaches and is not meant to recommend any specific course of action per ASTM’s Form and Style for ASTM Standards definition for a Guide.  
1.1.1 This guide does not determine lab procedure selection or acceptance criteria for a specific retroreflective composite optics product for its intended use. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer and customer to negotiate these details based on their specific needs.  
1.1.2 This guide is not intended to predict in-service performance levels.  
1.1.3 This guide is not intended for comparison of different types of composite optics or manufacturers of composite optics.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Solvents in a traffic paint may cause bleeding of pavement constituents into the traffic marking, thereby rendering the traffic marking less effective as a lane or directional indicator. This practice describes how to prepare a panel of the coating to be tested and a reference panel coated with a specific solvent borne traffic paint to be used as a control for evaluation.  
4.2 This practice can be particularly useful for evaluation of solvent borne traffic paints, but it may also be used for other types of traffic markings including waterborne traffic paints.  
4.3 Two basic procedures are described for measuring the amount of bleeding. The procedure used shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and seller.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes test procedures for determining the degree of bleeding of traffic or pavement marking paints. A specific formulation for a solvent borne traffic paint formulation is included as a potential bleeding reference control.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to measure the apparent viscosity of thermoplastic pavement marking at elevated temperatures. Elevated temperature viscosities of thermoplastic pavement marking may be related to the properties of coatings, adhesives, and composite thermoplastics. This method is helpful in determining the flow properties which can be used in determining processability when applied to the road surface.  
5.2 Thermoplastic pavement markings may be applied to the road surface in several different ways. Typical methods of application are screed extrude, ribbon extrude, thin film spray, and standard spray. Proper application depends on the viscosity of the thermoplastic material at application temperatures for the method being used. Thin-line applied thermoplastic pavement marking, for example, requires a relatively lower viscosity. Screed extrude applied thermoplastic requires a higher viscosity.  
5.3 Materials of the type described in this procedure may be non-Newtonian, and as such, the apparent viscosity will be a function of shear rate under the conditions of test. Although the viscometer described in this test method operates under conditions of relatively low shear rate, differences in shear effect can exist depending upon the spindle and rotational speed conditions selected for the test program. Comparisons between non-Newtonian viscosity values should be made only for measurements made with similar viscometers under conditions of equivalent shear. For this method, “torpedo” spindles are recommended. Spindles considered torpedo spindles are ~1-in. long and come in many diameters with a 45° conical bottom. A diameter that is half the diameter of the thimbles used is recommended. If large glass beads are used in the pavement marking formulation, a smaller diameter spindle may be needed so the beads do not cause an impedance of the spindle due to a jamming between the inside wall of the thimble and the spindle.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sample preparation and testing procedure needed to determine the apparent viscosity of a thermoplastic pavement marking formulation at elevated temperatures to the specimen.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are customary units and are provided as a courtesy to the user.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a standard procedure for the determination of color of thermoplastic pavement marking materials. This test method can be used in conjunction with various thermoplastic pavement marking specifications to determine compliance of the material to said specification. This method can also be used by manufacturers of these materials to determine the uniformity of thermoplastic pavement marking materials from batch to batch.  
5.2 There is a slight variation in color standards and colorimeters. This test method is only applicable when results are reported with information listing the instrument model designation and calibration standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the instrumental determination of color of thermoplastic pavement marking materials using the CIE Y, x, y color measurement system.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The drying rate of organic coatings varies with changes in temperature, air flow, and relative humidity. In particular, the drying rate of waterborne paints depends on the evaporation of water and thus is much more dependent on relative humidity than are solvent based paints or paints that are 100 % solids. Measurement of the rate of drying of waterborne paints under ambient conditions in laboratories cannot be adequately replicated without some control of the drying conditions. A test chamber will be described that provides a means of controlling relative humidity above ambient humidity and minimizing the effects of air flow variability at ambient room temperatures. If desired, the test chamber without water in it and with vents wide open can be placed in a temperature and humidity controlled room to test dry speed at various temperatures as well as humidity while using the chamber to minimize the effect of air flow.  
5.2 This practice is particularly useful for testing the drying rate of waterborne pavement marking (traffic) paints where fast dry at elevated ambient humidity is an important feature. For waterborne traffic paints, the test chamber can be used to evaluate dry to no-pick-up (Test Method D711) and water wash-off resistance (Practices D7377 and D7538) at elevated ambient humidity.
SCOPE
1.1 Specification D3924 defines a standard environment of 23 ± 2°C and 50 ± 5 % relative humidity and free from drafts for normal conditioning and testing of paint, varnish, lacquer, and related materials. This practice describes a test chamber that allows for control of relative humidity above the ambient relative humidity and minimization of air flow for conditioning of test panels at elevated relative humidity and room temperatures.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 For quality assessment and/or approval for use of traffic paint stored in the field, it is often necessary to obtain a representative sample for testing. Correct sampling of traffic paint is a skilled operation, and if not properly conducted with the right equipment and procedures, a sample may inadvertently fail one or more specification tests when evaluated by a testing laboratory. Among the test results that could be affected are solids content, resin content, TiO2 content, heat-age stability, freeze-thaw stability, and dry time. Any of these could inadvertently result in non-approval or penalties.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for obtaining representative field samples of mixed or unmixed waterborne, solventborne, or other liquid traffic paints, including two component reactive materials from drums, totes, or machine striping tanks. Traffic paint samples are often taken from storage containers in the field by paint suppliers or government agencies for laboratory testing to determine product quality and/or for approvals prior to striping. It is important that the samples taken are “representative” (have a composition reflecting the overall composition in the container). Although traffic paints can remain homogeneous for weeks or months, some will stratify over time and become non-homogeneous. Obtaining a representative sample can be challenging particularly in a field environment. The desired method for obtaining a liquid sample is to thoroughly mix the sample until homogeneous and then sample the mixture from the top. If complete mixing can’t be verified then an alternative practice is to obtain a sample using a liquid tube sampling device. These devices have the ability to capture a top-to-bottom core of paint from the container. Inner or outer rod tube samplers are recommended for sample extraction. The inner rod tube sampler is the preferred sampler.  
1.2 The practice selected for representative sampling should have written agreement between the parties providing the product and those testing the product.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The significance of this test is to determine the thermoplastic pavement marking material’s resistance to impact, under laboratory conditions. The method provides a numerical result for impact failure which can be used to assess quality and determine relative performance between materials.  
5.2 When the pendulum-impact test is performed on thermoplastic pavement marking materials, the results can indicate the strength and brittleness properties helpful in researching and improving their field durability. Anyone attempting to perform this test should initially review Test Methods D256 and Test Method D4812; especially the equipment setup.  
5.3 The following sample preparation and testing setup method is important so inconsistencies in sample preparation do not cause more inconsistency in the results that are inherent when testing thermoplastic pavement marking materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sample preparation for cantilever beams and test methodology of thermoplastic pavement marking materials, similar to the “Izod Impact” method listed in Test Method D4812.  
1.1.1 Some methods call for results in inch pound-force (in.·lbf) as opposed to the common foot pound-force/inch (ft·lbf/in.) or Joule/meter (J/m) (energy absorbed per unit of specimen of similar cross-section). This method does not purport to cover all the issues involved with the pendulum impact of cantilever beams and suggests that Test Method D4812 and Test Methods D256 be reviewed before this methodology is attempted.  
1.1.2 Thermoplastic pavement marking materials are a highly filled polymer matrix. Depending on the formula the resulting matrix may be brittle, therefore possibly resulting in inconsistent test results.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The size or gradation of glass spheres is one measurable aspect of performance as a retroreflective media. The function of this test is to measure the size of glass spheres and to determine compliance with applicable specifications.
Note 1: This method has been used in other industrial areas outside the intended scope of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sieve analysis of glass spheres used for retroreflective pavements markings and industrial uses.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The roundness of glass spheres is one measurable aspect relating to their performance as a retroreflective media. The function of this test method is to measure the percent of true spheres as related to compliance with applicable specifications.
Note 1: This method has been used in other industrial areas outside the intended scope of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the percent of true spheres in glass spheres used for retroreflective marking purposes and industrial uses.  
1.2 This test method includes two procedures as follows:  
1.2.1 Procedure A, in which the selected specimen is split into two size ranges or groups prior to separation into true spheres and irregular particles, and  
1.2.2 Procedure B, in which the selected specimen is split into five size ranges or groups prior to separation.  
1.2.3 In determining compliance with specification requirements, either Procedure A or Procedure B may be used. Where tests indicate failure to meet the specified percent of true spheres and irregular particles, the referee test shall be made in accordance with Procedure B.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The roundness of glass beads has a significant influence on the retroreflective efficiency of a pavement marking system.  
4.2 The guide is for the characterization of the roundness of glass beads for the purpose of compliance testing against standard specification for glass beads in pavement marking applications.  
4.3 While there are potential industrial applications for this guide beyond the measurement of roundness of glass beads for pavement markings, those are beyond the scope of this standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the determination of the roundness of glass spheres used in pavement marking systems using a flowing stream digital analyzer. Typical gradations for pavement marking systems are defined in ranges from Type 0 through 5 in AASHTO M247.  
1.2 This guide provides for the presentation of roundness data in a variety of formats to the requirement of the agency pavement marking material specification. For most specifications the standard format is to present the roundness data as Percent True Spheres relative to a series of standard ASTM sieve sizes.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing traffic paints in the laboratory and in the field. This guide covers the testing of a ready-mixed paint product of sprayable consistency that shall be suitable for use as a reflecting traffic guide on paved roadways. Tests shall be performed in accordance with the following test methods: liquid paint properties; application and appearance properties; properties of the dried film; analysis of paint; and field evaluations. Conditions, such as: substrate type; climatic conditions; service density; traffic type; and presence of foreign matter on the road surface, may affect traffic paint.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing traffic paints in the laboratory and in the field.  
1.2 This guide covers the testing of ready-mixed solvent base and waterborne paint products of sprayable consistency that shall be suitable for use as a reflecting traffic guide on paved roadways.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is designed to evaluate the resistance to wear of a pavement marking. It should be noted that a high degree of wear resistance of pavement marking applied to a bare pavement surface may not guarantee similar results when the same pavement marking is applied over old markings.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of degree of resistance to wear that may occur with pavement markings in road tests (see Practice D713) or in actual service, using photographic standards for comparative evaluation.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Solvents in a traffic paint may cause bleeding of pavement constituents into the traffic marking, thereby rendering the traffic marking less effective as a lane or directional indicator. This practice describes how to prepare a panel of the coating to be tested and a reference panel coated with a specific solventborne traffic paint to be used as a control for evaluation.  
4.2 This practice can be particularly useful for evaluation of solventborne traffic paints, but it may also be used for other types of traffic markings including waterborne traffic paints.  
4.3 Two basic procedures are described for measuring the amount of bleeding. The procedure used shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and seller.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes test procedures for determining the degree of bleeding of traffic or pavement marking paints. A specific formulation for a solventborne traffic paint formulation is included as a potential bleeding reference control.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method serves as a laboratory control test. Types of traffic paints that can be tested with this method are waterborne, solventborne, and some 100 % solids liquid traffic paints. If wet film thickness, temperature, and humidity are controlled within the tolerances specified herein, this method can be useful for relative testing of traffic paints and potentially for qualification of traffic paints for field application in approved specifications. For improved repeatability and meaningful comparison of paint samples being tested, consistent air flow over the paint films during testing is important. Although a no-air-flow (static) test environment is standard, the buyer and seller should agree upon the air flow conditions, whether it be static or carefully regulated air flow (see 4.6.1 and 4.6.2). Because of the many variables operative in the field application of traffic paint (for example, film thickness, air temperature, humidity, wind speed, pavement type (asphalt or concrete), film profile over pavement, pavement temperature, pavement porosity, pavement moisture content, and the presence or absence of direct sunlight during striping), a direct correlation between the results of this test and field applications is difficult to obtain. However, relative field performance can be predicted using this method if the testing protocol is adhered to.
FIG. 1 Traffic Paint Drying Time Wheel and Ramp—Dual Model
FIG. 2 Picture of Apparatus and Traffic Paint Film Being Tested
Each pass of wheel over the paint film should be at least 2.5 mm (1 in.) from each end of the paint film.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the no-pick-up time of a traffic paint. The method uses a wheel consisting of a metal cylinder with rubber O-rings. The wheel is rolled down a ramp over a freshly applied traffic paint film repeatedly until there is no transfer of paint to the rubber rings. The elapsed time from paint film application to point of no paint transfer is the no-pick-up time. Key variables to be controlled during testing are film thickness, temperature, humidity, and air flow.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to measure the apparent viscosity of thermoplastic pavement marking at elevated temperatures. Elevated temperature viscosities of thermoplastic pavement marking may be related to the properties of coatings, adhesives, and composite thermoplastics. This method is helpful in determining the flow properties which can be used in determining processability when applied to the road surface.  
5.2 Thermoplastic pavement markings may be applied to the road surface in several different ways. Typical methods of application are screed extrude, ribbon extrude, thin film spray, and standard spray. Proper application depends on the viscosity of the thermoplastic material at application temperatures for the method being used. Thin-line applied thermoplastic pavement marking, for example, requires a relatively lower viscosity. Screed extrude applied thermoplastic requires a higher viscosity.  
5.3 Materials of the type described in this procedure may be non-Newtonian, and as such, the apparent viscosity will be a function of shear rate under the conditions of test. Although the viscometer described in this test method operates under conditions of relatively low shear rate, differences in shear effect can exist depending upon the spindle and rotational speed conditions selected for the test program. Comparisons between non-Newtonian viscosity values should be made only for measurements made with similar viscometers under conditions of equivalent shear. For this method, “torpedo” spindles are recommended. Spindles considered torpedo spindles are ~1-in. long and come in many diameters with a 45° conical bottom. A diameter that is half the diameter of the thimbles used is recommended. If large glass beads are used in the pavement marking formulation, a smaller diameter spindle may be needed so the beads do not cause an impedance of the spindle due to a jamming between the inside wall of the thimble and the spindle.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sample preparation and testing procedure needed to determine the apparent viscosity of a thermoplastic pavement marking formulation at elevated temperatures to the specimen.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are customary units and are provided as a courtesy to the user.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 After waterborne traffic paints are applied to a road, airstrip, or parking lot pavement, it is important that the paint films be sufficiently hardened, coalesced, or cured so they will not be removed by rain. This practice can be used to determine the relative performance of binders and other components within traffic paint for their effect on the water-wash off resistance of the coating. Some key elements of the coating that may affect water-wash-off performance are the quality and type of latex binder, the dry time of the coating (often conducted by Test Method D711), pigment volume concentration (PVC), and the relative water sensitivity of additives (for example, pigment dispersants, and surfactants) in the coating.
SCOPE
1.1 A traffic paint film freshly applied to a roadway, air strip, or parking lot may be exposed to rain of varying intensities shortly after application. This practice was designed to determine the relative water wash-off resistance of an applied traffic paint film under controlled laboratory conditions using a water faucet to simulate a heavy rain. This laboratory practice can also be used to compare conventional and fast-dry waterborne traffic paints and the effects of binders and other components in traffic for their relative ability to withstand a heavy rain soon after application.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 After waterborne traffic paints are applied to a road pavement, it is important that they be sufficiently coalesced or cured so they will not be removed by rain. This practice can be used to determine the relative water wash-off resistance of waterborne traffic paints when exposed to a water spray simulated rain.
SCOPE
1.1 A newly applied traffic paint film may be exposed to rain of varying intensities shortly after application. Practice D7377 describes a practice for evaluating the water wash-off resistance of traffic paints to a hard rain using a steady stream of water from a faucet at a rate of approximately 5.7 L per min. Practice D7538 is a similar practice that describes the use of an adjustable nozzle atomizing spray device to deliver a spray of water that simulates rain rates from approximately 0.05 to 0.5 L per min. This test can be used to compare conventional and fast-dry traffic paints for their relative ability to withstand rain soon after application on roadway surfaces.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The function of these test methods is to define the percent of binder and retroreflective optics or non-retroreflective particles in the composition of the thermoplastic pavement marking as defined by the applicable specification for the manufacture of a specific thermoplastic pavement marking. The subsequent sample, as a result of ashing can be used to later test for the presence of titanium dioxide, lead chromate and possibly organic pigments.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the gravimetric analysis of the binder and hydrochloric Acid (HCL) insoluble particles in white and yellow thermoplastic pavement markings. The HCL insoluble particles can be retroreflective optics, such as glass beads or some other type of retroreflective optic, or non-retroreflective particles such as silica sand, or a combination of any two or more of these materials.  
1.2 This standard does not address the physical separation and the individual quantification of each component when a mixture of two or more HCL insoluble materials is present. Rather it requires the user to visually evaluate the HCL insoluble material (obtained from following this test method) and report the types of materials present.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the titanium dioxide or lead chromate pigment measurement (after ashing) which is detailed in Test Methods D1394 and D126.  
1.4 This standard will attempt to address the interference of organic pigments with the binder results.  
1.5 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Percent Binder  
10  
Percent Retroreflective Optics or
Non-Retroreflective Particles  
11  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is an accelerated evaluation of bead retention, retroreflectivity, daytime color, night time color, and wear characteristics of fluid traffic marking materials. It is used to determine the useful life of such markings in the field. The same procedures are applicable to evaluating longitudinal lines to determine service life.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the relative service life of fluid traffic marking materials such as paint, thermoplastic, epoxy, and polyester products under actual road conditions using transverse test lines. Materials under test are applied under prescribed conditions and periodic observations are made using prescribed performance criteria.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The significance of this test is to determine the thermoplastic pavement marking material’s resistance to impact over a simulated pavement substrate, under laboratory conditions, and is expressed as pass/fail or numerically. The test result can be used as a quality test or to differentiate marking materials.  
5.2 Anyone attempting to perform this test should initially review Test Methods D5420 and D2794, specifically the equipment setup.  
5.3 Sample preparation and equipment set-up should be followed precisely to minimize variability in the test result.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sample preparation over a road-type substrate and test methodology of thermoplastic pavement marking materials similar to the “Gardner Impact” method as listed in Test Method D5420.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The function of this test method is to provide numerical instrumental results indicating the cohesive and/or adhesive bond strength of thermoplastic pavement marking to a specified cement brick substrate.  
5.2 The use of this test method allows the user and manufacturer to control the quality of the product and make inferences about the performance of the thermoplastic pavement marking product. Results from these tests also provide information helpful in researching and developing thermoplastic pavement marking materials.  
5.3 The method has been revised to be more consistent to methodology in other ASTM bond methods for coatings in Test Methods D4541, D5179, and D7234.  
5.4 Strict adherence to the procedures outlined is necessary for precision of the test method. Under no conditions should the bond strength be accepted unless there is conformance to the method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides an instrumental means for the determination of thermoplastic pavement marking material bond strengths using cement bricks and loading fixtures.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method is based on the penetration of a specific type of indentor when forced into the material under specified conditions. The indentation hardness is inversely related to the penetration and is dependent on the elastic modulus, viscoelastic behavior of the material, geometry of the indentor, the applied force and temperature at test. This test method is empirical and therefore primarily for control purposes. No simple relationship exists between indentation hardness determined by this test method and any fundamental property of the material tested.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers Type A Durometer hardness of thermoplastic pavement marking material at elevated temperatures.  
1.2 This test method is similar to Test Method D2240 for hardness with special attention given to keeping the temperature of the test sample and instrument constant. Within the highway materials community, it is sometimes known as “indentation resistance.”  
1.3 All materials, instruments or equipment used for the determination of temperature, hardness and time shall be traceable to National Institute of Standards and Technology or other internationally recognized organizations parallel in nature.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Traffic paints must have good resistance to motor oil and fuel drippings on the highway. This test method describes the procedure necessary to evaluate the resistance of traffic paint to reference test fluids in order to simulate this type of action.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a laboratory procedure for determining the resistance of a dried film of traffic paint to the action of a specified hydrocarbon solvent or gasoline fuel test fluid.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides a standard procedure for the preparation of thermoplastic pavement marking material test specimens prior to testing for various properties as called for in the governing specification. Specimens that are prepared using this standard methodology yield test results that are consistent with the material from which it was sampled. Test results from specimens can be used to determine compliance of the thermoplastic pavement marking material to the specification. This practice can also be used by manufacturers of these materials to prepare specimens for testing to determine the uniformity of thermoplastic pavement marking materials from batch to batch.  
5.2 This practice does not address any issues related to specific testing of the thermoplastic pavement marking materials for any physical or chemical property.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the proper preparation of test specimens of thermoplastic pavement marking materials obtained to ensure test results are representative of the material being tested.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The gradation (size distribution) of glass beads has a significant influence on the retroreflective efficiency of a pavement marking system.  
5.2 This test method is for the characterization of the gradation (size distribution) of glass beads for the purpose of compliance testing against standard specification for glass beads in pavement marking applications.  
5.3 While there are potential industrial applications for this test method beyond the measurement of gradation (size distribution) of glass beads for pavement markings, those are beyond the scope of this standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the gradation (size distribution) of glass spheres used in pavement marking systems using a Flowing Stream Digital Analyzer. Typical gradations for pavement marking systems are defined in ranges from Type 0 through 5 in AASHTO M247-08.  
1.2 This test method provides for the presentation of the size data in a variety of formats to the requirements of the agency pavement marking material specification. For most specifications the standard format is to present the size data as “Percent Retained” or “Percent Passing” relative to a series of standard US sieve sizes.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The gradation (size distribution) of glass beads has a significant influence on the retroreflective efficiency of a pavement marking system.  
5.2 This test method is for the characterization of the gradation (size distribution) of glass beads for the purpose of compliance testing against standard specification for glass beads in pavement marking applications.  
5.3 While there are potential industrial applications for this test method beyond the measurement of gradation (size distribution) of glass beads for pavement markings, those are beyond the scope of this standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the gradation (size distribution) of glass spheres used in pavement marking systems using a Flowing Stream Digital Analyzer. Typical gradations for pavement marking systems are defined in ranges from Type 0 through 5 in AASHTO M247-08.  
1.2 This test method provides for the presentation of the size data in a variety of formats to the requirements of the agency pavement marking material specification. For most specifications the standard format is to present the size data as “Percent Retained” or “Percent Passing” relative to a series of standard US sieve sizes.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 It is important to obtain a truly representative sample of the thermoplastic traffic marking material prior to performing any tests. This can be difficult due to the wide ranges of sizes, shapes, and densities of the individual components that are used in the manufacture of these types of materials. The sample that is obtained using this guide should be representative of the manufactured lot from which it was obtained and can be used for the testing of the chemical and physical properties of the material as required by the governing specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the proper field sampling of thermoplastic traffic marking materials to ensure test results are representative of the material being tested.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method is based on the penetration of a specific type of indentor when forced into the material under specified conditions. The indentation hardness is inversely related to the penetration and is dependent on the elastic modulus, viscoelastic behavior of the material, geometry of the indentor, the applied force and temperature at test. This test method is empirical and therefore primarily for control purposes. No simple relationship exists between indentation hardness determined by this test method and any fundamental property of the material tested.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers Type A Durometer hardness of road marking thermoplastic material at elevated temperatures.  
1.2 This test method is similar to Test Method D2240 for hardness with special attention given to keeping the temperature of the test sample and instrument constant. Within the highway materials community, it is sometimes known as “indentation resistance.”  
1.3 All materials, instruments or equipment used for the determination of temperature, hardness and time shall be traceable to National Institute of Standards and Technology or other internationally recognized organizations parallel in nature.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is designed to evaluate the resistance to wear of a traffic marking. It must be remembered that a high degree of performance of traffic marking applied to a bare road surface may not guarantee similar results when the same traffic marking is applied over old markings.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of degree of resistance to wear that may occur with traffic markings in road tests (see Practice D713) or in actual service, using photographic standards for comparative evaluation.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing traffic paints in the laboratory and in the field. This guide covers the testing of a ready-mixed paint product of sprayable consistency that shall be suitable for use as a reflecting traffic guide on paved roadways. Tests shall be performed in accordance with the following test methods: liquid paint properties; application and appearance properties; properties of the dried film; analysis of paint; and field evaluations. Conditions, such as: substrate type; climatic conditions; service density; traffic type; and presence of foreign matter on the road surface, may affect traffic paint.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing traffic paints in the laboratory and in the field.  
1.2 This guide covers the testing of ready-mixed solvent base and waterborne paint products of sprayable consistency that shall be suitable for use as a reflecting traffic guide on paved roadways.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 For quality assessment and/or approval for use of traffic paint stored in the field, it is often necessary to obtain a representative sample for testing. Correct sampling of traffic paint is a skilled operation, and if not properly conducted with the right equipment and procedures, a sample may inadvertently fail one or more specification tests when evaluated by a testing laboratory. Among the test results that could be affected are solids content, resin content, TiO2 content, heat-age stability, freeze-thaw stability, and dry time. Any of these could inadvertently result in non-approval or penalties.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for obtaining representative field samples of mixed or unmixed waterborne, solventborne, or other liquid traffic paints from drums, totes, or machine striping tanks. Traffic paint samples are often taken from storage containers in the field by paint suppliers or government agencies for laboratory testing to determine product quality and/or for approvals prior to striping. It is important that the samples taken are “representative” (have a composition reflecting the overall composition in the container). Although traffic paints can remain homogeneous for weeks or months, some will stratify over time and become non-homogeneous. Obtaining a representative sample can be challenging particularly in a field environment. The desired method for obtaining a liquid sample is to thoroughly mix the sample until homogeneous and then sample the mixture from the top. If complete mixing can’t be verified then an alternative practice is to obtain a sample using a liquid tube sampling device. These devices have the ability to capture a top-to-bottom core of paint from the container. Inner or outer rod tube samplers are recommended for sample extraction. The inner rod tube sampler is the preferred sampler.  
1.2 The practice selected for representative sampling should have written agreement between the parties providing the product and those testing the product.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The roundness of glass spheres is one measurable aspect relating to their performance as a retroreflective media. The function of this test method is to measure the percent of true spheres as related to compliance with applicable specifications.
Note 1: This method has been used in other industrial areas outside the intended scope of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the percent of true spheres in glass spheres used for retroreflective marking purposes and industrial uses.  
1.2 This test method includes two procedures as follows:  
1.2.1 Procedure A, in which the selected specimen is split into two size ranges or groups prior to separation into true spheres and irregular particles, and  
1.2.2 Procedure B, in which the selected specimen is split into five size ranges or groups prior to separation.  
1.2.3 In determining compliance with specification requirements, either Procedure A or Procedure B may be used. Where tests indicate failure to meet the specified percent of true spheres and irregular particles, the referee test shall be made in accordance with Procedure B.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The size or gradation of glass spheres is one measurable aspect of performance as a retroreflective media. The function of this test is to measure the size of glass spheres and to determine compliance with applicable specifications.
Note 1: This method has been used in other industrial areas outside the intended scope of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sieve analysis of glass spheres used for retroreflective pavements markings and industrial uses.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method serves as a laboratory control test. Types of traffic paints that can be tested with this method are waterborne, solventborne, and some 100 % solids liquid traffic paints. This test is most commonly used with fast-dry waterborne traffic paints. If wet film thickness, temperature, and humidity are controlled within the tolerances specified herein, this method can be useful for relative testing of traffic paints and potentially for qualification of traffic paints for field application in approved specifications. For improved repeatability and meaningful comparison of paint samples being tested, consistent air flow over the paint films during testing is important. Although a no-air-flow (static) test environment is standard, the buyer and seller should agree upon the air flow conditions, whether it be static or carefully regulated air flow (see 4.6.1 and 4.6.2). No-pick-up times for fast-dry waterborne traffic paints are typically less than 10 min in a static air flow condition. Because of the many variables operative in the field application of traffic paint (for example, film thickness, air temperature, humidity, wind speed, pavement type (asphalt or concrete), film profile over pavement, pavement temperature, pavement porosity, pavement moisture content, and the presence or absence of direct sunlight during striping), a direct correlation between the results of this test and field applications is difficult to obtain. However, relative field performance can be predicted using this method if the testing protocol is adhered to.
Each pass of wheel over the paint film should be at least 2.5 mm (1 in.) from each end of the paint film.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the no-pick-up time of a traffic paint. The method uses a wheel consisting of a metal cylinder with rubber O-rings. The wheel is rolled down a ramp over a freshly applied traffic paint film repeatedly until there is no transfer of paint to the rubber rings. The elapsed time from paint film application to point of no paint transfer is the no-pick-up time. Key variables to be controlled during testing are film thickness, temperature, humidity, and air flow.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Traffic paints must have good resistance to motor oil and fuel drippings on the highway. This test method describes the procedure necessary to measure the resistance of traffic paint to reference test fluids in order to simulate this type of action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a laboratory test for determining the resistance of a dried film of traffic paint to the action of a specified hydrocarbon solvent or gasoline fuel test fluid.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Solvents in a traffic paint may cause bleeding of pavement constituents into the traffic marking, thereby rendering the traffic marking less effective as a lane or directional indicator. This practice describes how to prepare a panel of the coating to be tested and a reference panel coated with a specific solventborne traffic paint to be used as a control for evaluation.  
4.2 This practice can be particularly useful for evaluation of solventborne traffic paints, but it may also be used for other types of traffic markings including waterborne traffic paints.  
4.3 Two basic procedures are described for measuring the amount of bleeding. The procedure used shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and seller.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes test procedures for determining the degree of bleeding of traffic or pavement marking paints. A specific formulation for a solventborne traffic paint formulation is included as a potential bleeding reference control.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The drying rate of organic coatings varies with changes in temperature, air flow, and relative humidity. In particular, the drying rate of waterborne paints depends on the evaporation of water and thus is much more dependent on relative humidity than are solvent based paints or paints that are 100 % solids. Measurement of the rate of drying of waterborne paints under ambient conditions in laboratories cannot be adequately replicated without some control of the drying conditions. A test chamber will be described that provides a means of controlling relative humidity above ambient humidity and minimizing the effects of air flow variability at ambient room temperatures. If desired, the test chamber without water in it and with vents wide open can be placed in a temperature and humidity controlled room to test dry speed at various temperatures as well as humidity while using the chamber to minimize the effect of air flow.  
5.2 This practice is particularly useful for testing the drying rate of waterborne pavement marking (traffic) paints where fast dry at elevated ambient humidity is an important feature. For waterborne traffic paints, the test chamber can be used to evaluate dry to no-pick-up (Test Method D711) and water wash-off resistance (Practices D7377 and D7538) at elevated ambient humidity.
SCOPE
1.1 Specification D3924 defines a standard environment of 23 ± 2°C and 50 ± 5 % relative humidity and free from drafts for normal conditioning and testing of paint, varnish, lacquer, and related materials. This practice describes a test chamber that allows for control of relative humidity above the ambient relative humidity and minimization of air flow for conditioning of test panels at elevated relative humidity and room temperatures.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.