ASTM C1167-03(2009)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Clay Roof Tiles
Standard Specification for Clay Roof Tiles
ABSTRACT
This specification covers clay roof tiles with such durability and appearance that can provide a weather-resistant surface of a specified design. Each tile should be manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to high-temperature firing. The heat treatment should develop a fired bond between material particles that provides the required strength and durability. The tiles should be shaped by molding, pressing, or extrusion during manufacture. Generally, the tiles are planar or undulating rectangular and are classified into three grades according to the degree of resistance to weathering. Materials are also grouped into three types according to profile and rise-to-width ratio. Colors and textures produced by application of inorganic coatings are allowed except when the coloring is done by flashing or the texturing by sanding where the sand does not form a continuous coating. Each tile should conform to the specified values of durability, freezing and thawing, transverse breaking strength, efflorescence, reactive particulates, and permeability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers clay tiles intended for use as roof covering where durability and appearance are required to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design.
1.2 Tiles are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop a fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification (see firing and fired bond in Terminology C 43).
1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion and it is permitted to use the shaping method to describe the tiles.
1.4 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangular shapes available in a variety of cross-sectional profiles, shapes, sizes, surface textures, and colors.
1.5 Three grades of tile having various degrees of resistance to weathering are covered in this specification. Three types of tile are defined to cover the features that influence appearance.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C1167 – 03 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Specification for
Clay Roof Tiles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1167; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and
Structural Clay Tile
1.1 This specification covers clay tiles intended for use as
C297/C297M Test Method for Flatwise Tensile Strength of
roof covering where durability and appearance are required to
Sandwich Constructions
provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design.
C554 Test Method for Crazing Resistance of Fired Glazed
1.2 Tiles are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar
Ceramic Whitewares by a Thermal Shock Method
naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to heat
treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment
3. Terminology
must develop a fired bond between the particulate constituents
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to struc-
to provide the strength and durability requirements of this
tural clay products, and clay roof tiles, see Terminology C43.
specification (see firing and fired bond in Terminology C43).
1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacture by molding, press-
4. Classification
ing, or extrusion and it is permitted to use the shaping method
4.1 Clay roof tiles covered by this specification are classi-
to describe the tiles.
fied by grade for durability and type for appearance as follows:
1.4 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangular
4.1.1 Grades:
shapes available in a variety of cross-sectional profiles, shapes,
4.1.1.1 Grade 1—Providing resistance to severe frost ac-
sizes, surface textures, and colors.
tion.
1.5 Three grades of tile having various degrees of resistance
4.1.1.2 Grade 2—Providing resistance to moderate frost
to weathering are covered in this specification. Three types of
action.
tile are defined to cover the features that influence appearance.
4.1.1.3 Grade 3—Providing negligible resistance to any
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
frost action.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4.1.1.4 Grades relate to exposure to weather as defined in
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Table 1.
and are not considered standard.
4.2 Types:
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2.1 Type I—High-profile tiles—tiles having a rise-to-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
width ratio greater than 1:5.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2.2 Type II—Low-profile tiles—tiles having a rise-to-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
width ratio equal to, or less than 1:5.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2.3 Type III—All other tiles, including flat.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Material and Finish
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Colors and textures produced by application of inor-
C43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products
ganic coatings to the faces of the tiles are not prohibited
provided that evidence satisfactory to the purchaser is fur-
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
nished regarding the durability of the coatings. Tiles that are
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
coloredbyflashingortexturedbysanding,wherethesanddoes
C15.06 on Roofing Tile.
not form a continuous coating, are not considered as surface-
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2009.PublishedJuly2009.Originallyapproved
in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C1167 – 03. DOI: 10.1520/ colored tiles for the purpose of this specification.
C1167-03R09.
NOTE 1—When surface colored tiles (other than sanded or flashed) are
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM specified, data satisfactory to the purchaser shall be submitted showing
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
that after 50 cycles of freezing-thawing (5.2) there is no observable
the ASTM website.
difference in the applied finish when viewed from a distance of 40 ft (12
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
m)underanilluminationofnotlessthan50fc(538lm/m )byanobserver
on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1167 – 03 (2009)
TABLE 1 Grade Classification for Clay Roof Tiles
than 8 %. When Grade 3 tiles are used in regions where the
Grade weathering index is less than 50 (see Annex A1), unless
Weathering Index (see Annex A1)
(All Types)
otherwise specified, the requirements for water absorption and
1 500 and greater
for saturation coefficient shall not apply.
2 50to500
3 less than 50
NOTE 2—Frost is of profound importance in mechanical weathering
where its effectiveness is dependent on the frequency of temperature
fluctuation across the freezing point in the presence of water. The ability
of a tile to resist failure in a wet and freezing environment is, therefore, of
with normal vision. It is not prohibited to present service records of the
paramount importance. If a tile fails in such an environment, its use will
performance of the particular coated tiles in appropriate locations in place
resultinanunacceptabledeteriorationofappearanceormorelikely,atotal
of the freezing and thawing test, with the consent of the purchaser.
failure to function (that is, protect the underlying structure from rain), or
5.2 The tiles shall be free of defects, deficiencies, or
both. Such a tile is completely unacceptable for use regardless of its other
properties such as strength.
bloating,thatwouldinterferewiththeproperlayingofthetiles,
the performance of the roof, or the requirements of this NOTE 3—The resistance of clay roof tiles to weathering cannot be
predicted with complete assurance using any of the physical tests
specification.
prescribed. However, practical experience has demonstrated satisfactory
5.2.1 Tiles that, when broken, have a dark area that has a
performance of clay roof tiles, some for hundreds of years, and this
steely appearance and is sharply delineated from the surround-
experience forms the basis of the prescriptive requirements of Table 2.
ing normal color of tile are not prohibited. This dark area is
There is generally excellent correlation between field performance and the
knownasblackheartorblackcore.Blackheartisgenerallythe
requirements. However, it is possible that some tiles that meet this
result of the reduction of iron minerals during the firing specification are not suitable for severe climates. Furthermore, it is also
possible for other tiles that do not meet this specification to show
process. Its presence, regardless of the size in the tile that
acceptable serviceability in the most severe climates. The best indication
otherwise meets the physical performance of this specification,
of clay roof tile durability is the service record of experience with the
shall not be cause for rejection.
specified product in the environment of its intended use.
5.3 The exposed tile surface shall be free of chippage or
6.1.1 Measure the water absorption, and calculate the satu-
other imperfections detracting from the appearance of the
ration coefficient, in accordance with Test Methods C67. The
designated sample when viewed from a distance 40 ft (12 m)
test sample shall consist of five whole tiles.
under an illumination of not less than 50 fc (538 lm/m)byan
6.1.2 ThephysicalrequirementsinTable2shallbeachieved
observer with normal vision.
5.4 Unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser asaresultofthefiringprocessandassociatedthermalreactions
within the tile body (and glaze, if present) which include
and the seller, a delivery of tiles shall contain not less than
95 % whole tiles. In this specification, the term whole tiles development of the fired bond, increase in density, increase in
strength, and reduction in water absorption. Tiles shall not
shall be understood to mean tiles meeting the appearance
requirements of this specification. comply with this specification if other processes, for example,
immersion in solutions of organic materials to effect impreg-
5.5 After tiles are placed in usage, the manufacturer or his
agent shall not be held responsible for compliance of tiles with nation or surface sealing, are used to change the physical
properties which result from the firing process. It is not
the requirements of this specification for dimensional toler-
ances, finish, texture, or color. prohibited to test tiles in accordance with this Specification
after the impregnation and sealing materials are removed as
6. Performance Requirements
prescribed in Test Methods C67.
6.2 Freezing and Thawing—The requirements specified in
6.1 Durability—The tiles shall conform to the physical
requirements for the Grade specified as prescribed in Table 2. 6.1 for water absorption (5-h boiling) and saturation coefficient
shall not apply for all Grades provided that a sample of five
Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, tiles of a higher
tiles, meeting all of the other requirements, experiences no
Grade (greater weathering index) shall be accepted instead of
breakage, no crack development that exceeds the minimum
a lower Grade. The saturation coefficient requirement does not
dimension of the specimen, and not greater than 0.5 % loss in
apply when the average cold water absorption of a random
dry weight when subjected to 50 cycles of the freezing-and-
sample of five tiles does not exceed 6 %, no more than one tile
thawingtestofTestMethodsC67,modifiedinaccordancewith
of the sample exceeds 6 % and its cold water absorption is less
6.2.1.
6.2.1 Modify Test Methods C67, Section 8, as follows: The
TABLE 2 Physical Requirements
test sample shall consist of five whole tiles. The freezing trays
Absorption Requirements
and containers shall be of sufficient size and depth to allow the
Cold Water Absorption Maximum Saturation
tiles to be completely submerged in water when placed
A
Maximum Percent Coefficient
Grade
horizontally. The tiles shall be completely submerged in water
Average of Individual Average of Individual
when the trays are placed in the freezing chamber. It is not
Five Tiles Tile Five Tiles Tile
prohibited to test individual tile or to stack tile on top of each
1 6 8 0.74 0.76
other in the tray, provided that spacers at least ⁄4 in. (6 mm)
2 11 13 0.80 0.82
3 13 15 0.84 0.86
thick are used between adjacent tiles and that the total stack is
A
The saturation coefficient is the ratio of absorption by 24-h submersion in water
completely submerged.
at a temperature of 75 6 10°F (24 6 6°C) to that after 5 h submersion in boiling
water. NOTE 4—A large capacity freezer is generally necessary to accomplish
C1167 – 03 (2009)
freezing in the manner specified in Test Methods C67 for trays containing
shall be tested dry after heating in a ventilated oven for 24 h at
more than one tile. It is not prohibited to use custom trays to enclose the
a temperature of 230 to 239°F (110 to 115°C).
tile(s) and minimize the volume of water required to completely submerge
6.3.1.1 Tile shall be considered to comply with this speci-
the tile(s).
fication when they pass the requirement of either the wet or the
6.2.2 Alot of tiles shall be given the Grade 1 rating without
dry transverse strength test. The choice of method, wet or dry,
repeating a freezing and thawing test provided that a previous
shall be mutually agreed upon between specifier and supplier.
lot made by the supplier from similar materials, by the same
6.3.2 The span chosen for the test shall be 12 in. (30.5 cm)
process, at the same production plant, and within the previous
65%or ⁄3 of the length of the tile, whichever is greater. The
12 months, had passed the test, and provided also that a sample
span is measured between the centers of the lower support
of five tiles selected from the lot has an average and individual
members (6.3.3 and Fig. 1).
minimum transverse strength not less than the previously
6.3.2.1 It is not prohibited to use a shorter span than
graded sample and has average and individual maximum water
required by 6.3.2 when the length of the tile to be tested is not
absorption and saturation coefficient not greater than those of
sufficient to allow a 12 in. (30.5 cm) span to be used. In that
the previously graded sample.
case,ashorterspan,notlessthantwo-thirdsofthelengthofthe
NOTE 5—Unless specifically requested by the purchaser, the 50-cycle
tile, shall be used and the required minimum values in Table 3
freezing and thawing test is used only as an alternative when tiles do not
shall be increased proportionately to the reduction in span, that
conform to either Table 2 requirements for maximum water absorption
is, multiplied by:
and saturation coefficient, or to the restrictive absorption requirements in
6.1.
(1)
span used ~in.!
6.3 Strength—The transverse breaking strength of tiles shall
be determined as described for the Flexure Test in Test 6.3.3 The tile shall be tested in a three-point bending mode
Methods C67 except as modified in 6.3.1 to 6.3.7.
in a horizontal plane with the bottom surface of the tile resting
6.3.1 Five tiles shall be tested wet after a 24-h submersion on two lower support members and with the load being applied
in water at a temperature of 75 6 10°F (24 6 6°C) or five tiles
to the upper (exposed) surface of the tile by a third member
NOTE 1—See text for dimensions.
FIG. 1 Schematic of Assembly for Flexure Strength Testing
C1167 – 03 (2009)
TABLE 3 Transverse Breaking Strength Requirements
6.3.7 The tile shall be loaded uniformly and continuously,
Wet Transverse Strength, Dry Transverse Strength, without shock, at a rate not to exceed 1000 lbf (4550 N)/min
min, lbf (N) min, lbf (N)
until fracture.
Type (All Grades)
Average of Individual Average of Individual
6.3.8 Record the load in pounds (kilograms) at fracture of
Five Tiles Tile Five Tiles Tile
each of the five tiles and report the average of the five tests and
Type I—High Profile 300 (1334) 260 (1157) 400 (1779) 350 (1556)
the minimum individual result.
Type II—Low Profile 225 (1001) 200 (890) 300 (1334) 250 (1112)
6.3.9 For tiles with width greater than 14 in. (35.6 cm) the
Type III—Other Tiles 225 (1001) 200 (890) 300 (1334) 250 (1112)
minimum values in Table 3 are to be
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1167–96 Designation: C 1167 – 03 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Specification for
Clay Roof Tiles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1167; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversclaytilesintendedforuseasroofcoveringwheredurabilityandappearancearerequiredtoprovide
a weather-resistant surface of specified design.
1.2 Tiles are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to heat treatment at
elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop a fired bond between the particulate constitutents to provide the
strength and durability requirements of this specification (see firing and fired bond in Terminology C 43).
1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion and it is permitted to use the shaping method to
describe the tiles.
1.4 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangular shapes available in a variety of cross-sectional profiles, shapes, sizes,
surface textures, and colors.
1.5 Three grades of tile having various degrees of resistance to weathering are covered in this specification. Three types of tile
are defined to cover the features that influence appearance.
1.6The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products
C67 Test Methods offor Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
C297TestMethodforTensileStrengthofFlatSandwichConstructionsinFlatwisePlane 297/C 297M TestMethodforFlatwise
Tensile Strength of Sandwich Constructions
C 554 Test Method for Crazing Resistance of Fired Glazed Ceramic Whitewares by a Thermal Shock Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to structural clay products, and clay roof tiles, see Terminology C 43.
4. Classification
4.1 Clay roof tiles covered by this specification are classified by grade for durability and type for appearance as follows:
4.1.1 Grades:
4.1.1.1 Grade 1—Providing resistance to severe frost action.
4.1.1.2 Grade 2—Providing resistance to moderate frost action.
4.1.1.3 Grade 3—Providing negligible resistance to any frost action.
4.1.1.4 Grades relate to exposure to weather as defined in Table 1.
4.2 Types:
4.2.1 Type I—High-profile tiles—tiles having a rise-to-width ratio greater than 1:5.
4.2.2 Type II—Low-profiles tiles—tiles having a rise-to-width ratio equal to, or less than 1:5.
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C-15 C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.06 on
Roofing Tile.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 1996. Published April 1996. Originally published as C1167. Last previous edition C1167–94a.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C 1167 – 03.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 04.05.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 1167 – 03 (2009)
TABLE 1 Grade Classification for Clay Roof Tiles
Grade
Weathering Index (see Annex A1)
(All Types)
1 500 and greater
2 50to500
3 less than 50
4.2.3 Type III—All other tiles, including flat.
5. Material and Finish
5.1 Colors and textures produced by application of inorganic coatings to the faces of the tiles are permissiblenot prohibited
provided that evidence satisfactory to the purchaser is furnished regarding the durability of the coatings. Tiles that are colored by
flashing or textured by sanding, where the sand does not form a continuous coating, are not considered as surface-colored tiles for
the purpose of this specification.
NOTE 1—Whensurfacecoloredtiles(otherthansandedorflashed)arespecified,datasatisfactorytothepurchasershallbesubmittedshowingthatafter
50 cycles of freezing-thawing (5.2) there is no observable difference in the applied finish when viewed from a distance of 40 ft (12 m) under an
illumination of not less than 50 fc (538 lm/m ) by an observer with normal vision. It is permittednot prohibited to present service records of the
performance of the particular coated tiles in appropriate locations in place of the freezing and thawing test, with the consent of the purchaser.
5.2 The tiles shall be free of defects, deficiencies, or bloating, that would interfere with the proper laying of the tiles, the
performance of the roof, or the requirements of this specification.
5.2.1 Tiles that, when broken, may have a dark area that has a steely appearance and is sharply delineated from the surrounding
normal color of tile are not prohibited. This dark area is known as black heart or black core. Black heart is generally the result
of the reduction of iron minerals during the firing process. Its presence, regardless of the size in the tile that otherwise meets the
physical performance of this specification, shall not be cause for rejection.
5.3 The exposed tile surface shall be free of chippage or other imperfections detracting from the appearance of the designated
sample when viewed from a distance 40 ft (12 m) under an illumination of not less than 50 fc (538 lm/m ) by an observer with
normal vision.
5.4 Unlessotherwiseagreeduponbetweenthepurchaserandtheseller,adeliveryoftilesshallcontainnotlessthan95 %whole
tiles. In this specification, the term whole tiles shall be understood to mean tiles meeting the appearance requirements of this
specification.
5.5 After tiles are placed in usage, the manufacturer or his agent shall not be held responsible for compliance of tiles with the
requirements of this specification for dimensional tolerances, finish, texture, or color.
6. Performance Requirements
6.1 Durability—The tiles shall conform to the physical requirements for the gradeGrade specified as prescribed in Table 2.
Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, tiles of a higher gradeGrade (greater weathering index) shall be accepted instead of
a lower grade. It is permitted to waive the Grade. The saturation coefficient requirement does not apply when the average cold
water absorption of a random sample of five tiles does not exceed 6 %, no more than one tile of the sample exceeds 6 % and its
cold water absorption is less than 8 %. When Grade 3 tiles are used in regions where the weathering index is less than 50 (see
Annex A1), unless otherwise specified, the requirements for water absorption and for saturation coefficient shall be waived. not
apply.
NOTE 2—Frost is of profound importance in mechanical weathering where its effectiveness is dependent on the frequency of temperature fluctuation
across the freezing point in the presence of water. The ability of a tile to resist failure in a wet and freezing environment is, therefore, of paramount
importance.Ifatilefailsinsuchanenvironment,itsusewillresultinanunacceptabledeteriorationofappearanceormorelikely,atotalfailuretofunction
(that is, protect the underlying structure from rain), or both. Such a tile is completely unacceptable for use regardless of its other properties such as
strength.
TABLE 2 Physical Requirements
Absorption Requirements
Cold Water Absorption Maximum Saturation
A
Maximum Percent Coefficient
Grade
Average of Individual Average of Individual
Five Tiles Tile Five Tiles Tile
1 6 8 0.74 0.76
2 11 13 0.80 0.82
3 13 15 0.84 0.86
A
The saturation coefficient is the ratio of absorption by 24-h submersion in water
at a temperature of 75 6 10°F (24 6 6°C) to that after 5 h submersion in boiling
water.
C 1167 – 03 (2009)
NOTE 3—The resistance of clay roof tiles to weathering cannot be predicted with complete assurance using any of the physical tests prescribed.
However, practical experience has demonstrated satisfactory performance of clay roof tiles, some for hundreds of years, and this experience forms the
basis of the prescriptive requirements of Table 2. There is generally excellent correlation between field performance and the requirements. However,it
is possible that some tiles that meet this specification are not suitable for severe climates. Furthermore, it is also possible for other tiles that do not meet
this specification to show acceptable serviceability in the most severe climates. The best indication of clay roof tile durability is the service record of
experience with the specified product in the environment of its intended use.
6.1.1 Measure the water absorption, and calculate the saturation coefficient, in accordance with Test Methods C 67. The test
specimensample shall consist of five whole tiles.
6.1.2 The physical requirements in Table 2 shall be achieved as a result of the firing process and associated thermal reactions
within the tile body (and glaze, if present) which include development of the fired bond, increase in density, increase in strength,
and reduction in water absorption. Tiles shall not comply with this specification if other processes, for example, immersion in
solutions of organic materials to effect impregnation or surface sealing, are used to change the physical properties which result
from the firing process. It is not prohibited to test tiles in accordance with this Specification after the impregnation and sealing
materials are removed as prescribed in Test Methods C 67.
6.2 Freezing and Thawing—The requirements specified in 6.1 for water absorption (5-h boiling) and saturation coefficient shall
not be required apply for all gradesGrades provided that a sample of five tiles, meeting all of the other requirements, experiences
no breakage, no crack development that exceeds the minimum dimension of the specimen, and not greater than 0.5 % loss in dry
weight when subjected to 50 cycles of the freezing-and-thawing test of Test Methods C 67, modified in accordance with 6.2.1.
6.2.1 ModifyTest Methods C 67, Section 8, as follows:The test specimenssample shall consist of five whole tiles.The freezing
trays and containers shall be of sufficient size and depth to allow the tiles to be completely submerged in water when placed
horizontally.The tiles shall be completely submerged in water when the trays are placed in the freezing chamber. It is permittednot
prohibited to test individual tile or to stack tile on top of each other in the tray, provided that spacers at least ⁄4 in. (6 mm) thick
are used between adjacent tiles and that the total stack is completely submerged.
NOTE 4—Alarge capacity freezer is generally necessary to accomplish freezing in the manner specified inTest Methods C 67 for trays containing more
than one tile. It is permittednot prohibited to use custom trays to enclose the tile(s) and minimize the volume of water required to completely submerge
the tile(s).
6.2.2 A lot of tiles shall be given the Grade 1 rating without repeating a freezing and thawing test provided that a previous lot
made by the supplier from similar materials, by the same process, at the same production plant, and within the previous 12 months,
had passed the test, and provided also that a sample of five tiles selected from the lot has an average and individual minimum
transverse strength not less than the previously graded sample and has average and individual maximum water absorption and
saturation coefficient not greater than those of the previously graded sample.
NOTE 5—Unless specifically requested by the purchaser, the 50-cycle freezing and thawing test is specifiedused only as an alternative when tiles do
not conform to either Table 2 requirements for maximum water absorption and saturation coefficient, or to the restrictive absorption requirements in 6.1.
6.3 Strength—The transverse breaking strength of tiles shall be determined as described for the Flexure Test in Test Methods
C 67except as modified in 6.3.1 to 6.3.7.
6.3.1 Five tiles shall be tested wet after a 24-h submersion in water at a temperature of 75 6 10°F (24 6 6°C) or five tiles shall
be tested dry after heating in a ventilated oven for 24 h at a temperature of 230 to 239°F (110 to 115°C).
6.3.1.1 Tile shall be considered to comply with this specification when they pass the requirement of either the wet or the dry
transverse strength test. The choice of method, wet or dry, shall be mutually agreed upon between specifier and supplier.
6.3.2 The span chosen for the test shall be 12 in. (30.5 cm) 65%or ⁄3 of the length of the tile, whichever is greater. The span
is measured between the centers of the lower support members (6.3.3 and Fig. 1).
6.3.2.1 It is permittednot prohibited to use a shorter span than required by 6.3.2 when the length of the tile to be tested is not
sufficient to allow a 12 in. (30.5 cm) span to be used. In that case, a shorter span, not less than two-thirds of the length of the tile,
shall be used and the required minimum values in Table 3 shall be increased proportionately to the reduction in span, that is,
multiplied by:
(1)
span used ~in.!
6.3.3 The tile shall be tested in a three-point bending mode in a horizontal plane with the bottom surface of the tile resting on
two lower support members and with the load being applied to the upper (exposed) surface of the tile by a third member moving
in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the tile and at mid-span (that is, equidistant from each of the lower support members).
6.3.4 The two support members and the loading member shall be of metal or hardwood with 1 in. (25 mm) 6 5 % wide faces.
The faces shall be shaped (see Note 6) to closely conform to the profile of the surface of
...
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