ASTM F681-82(1998)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Use of Branch Connections
Standard Practice for Use of Branch Connections
SCOPE
1.1 This practice lists commonly used types of branch connections for carbon steel, chromium-molybdenum steel pipe and copper-nickel alloy tubing. Branch to run size applications are given in Tables 1, 2, and 3. Other types of branch connections may be used provided they comply with the requirements of Title 46 CFR Subparts 56.07-10(f) and 56.70-15(g) of the USCG Regulations.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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An American National Standard
Designation: F 681 – 82 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Practice for Use of
Branch Connections
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 681; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope B31.1 Power Piping
2.3 Other Document:
1.1 This practice lists commonly used types of branch
Title 46 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Shipping, Parts
connections for carbon steel, chromium-molybdenum steel
41 to 69
pipe and copper-nickel alloy tubing. Branch to run size
applications are given in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3. Other
3. General Requirements
types of branch connections (Fig. 1) may be used provided they
3.1 Weld joint designs shall be in accordance with Specifi-
comply with the requirements of Title 46 CFR Subparts
cation F 722 and the limitations therein.
56.07-10(f) and 56.70-15(g) of the USCG Regulations.
3.2 Fabricated branch connections shall meet the reinforce-
2. Referenced Documents ment requirements of Section 104.3 of ANSI B31.1 as modified
by Title 46, CFR Subparts 56.07-10(f) and 56.70-15(g) of the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
USCG regulations.
F 722 Specification for Welded Joints for Shipboard Piping
3.3 Threaded fittings shall be subject to the limitations of
Systems
Title 46 CFR, Subpart 56.30-20 of the USCG Regulations.
2.2 ANSI Standard:
4. Keywords
4.1 branch connnections; carbon steel connections;
chromium-molybdenum steel pipe; copper-nickel alloy tubing
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and
Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.11 on
Machinery and Piping Systems. Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Current edition approved July 30, 1982. Published October 1982. Originally 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
published as F 681 – 80. Last previous edition F 681 – 80. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.07. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, We
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1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for nylon stuffing tubes and packing assemblies. Nylon stuffing tubes are intended for making electric cable penetrations in marine shipboard enclosures for electrical equipment. The following types are suitable for both thin-wall enclosures up to 5 mm (3/16 in.) thick and thick-wall enclosures, bulkheads, and decks of 5 mm to 19 mm (3/16 in. to 3/4 in.) thick.
1.2 This specification does not cover metal stuffing tubes.
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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FIG. 1 Illustrative Legend for Branch Connections
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
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1.1 This specification covers the requirements for electrical liquid level indicating equipment for shipboard low pressure and high pressure tanks containing freshwater, feed water, potable water, seawater, wastewater, diesel fuel, lubricating oil, contaminated oil, refrigerants, JP fuels, and various other fluids. Application includes compensating tanks in which the equipment must locate the interface.
1.2 Each liquid level indicating equipment typically consists of the following components:
(a) One or more sensing devices;
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(d) Auxiliary indicator panel assembly, when required; and
(e) Portable indicator panel assembly, when required.
1.3 Special requirements for naval shipboard applications are included in the Supplementary Requirements section to this specification.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Inch-pound units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Where information is to be specified, it shall be stated in SI units.
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1.1 This specification covers two (2) types of electrical system insulation monitoring devices.
1.1.1 Type I is an AC device intended as a permanently installed unit for use in the detection of ohmic insulation faults to ground in active AC ungrounded electrical systems up to 1000 VAC, having DC components up to 1500 VDC.
1.1.2 Type II is a DC device intended as a permanently installed unit for use in the detection of ohmic insulation faults to ground in DC ungrounded electrical systems up to 1500 VDC.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general requirements for nylon stuffing tubes and packing assemblies. Nylon stuffing tubes are intended for making electric cable penetrations in marine shipboard enclosures for electrical equipment. The following types are suitable for thin-wall enclosures up to a certain thickness and thick-wall enclosures, bulkheads, and decks of also of a certain thickness. Nylon stuffing tubes shall be classified into four types: Type 1 with straight, unified form thread, Type 2 with 90°, unified form thread, Type 3 with NPT, American standard pipe thread and Type 4 with Y, unified form thread. Materials used for the manufacture of these stuffing tubes and packing assemblies shall include polyamide or nylon and synthetic rubber or neoprene. The sizes and dimensions of stuffing tubes and packing assemblies are completely described. In order determine properties such as vibration resistance, ruggedness, and seal effectiveness of stuffing tubes, the following tests shall be performed: vibration test, mechanical abuse test, and level of effectiveness test. In terms of physical appearance, stuffing tubes shall be free from warp, cracks, chipped edges or surfaces, blisters, uneven surfaces, scratches, dents, and heat marks. They shall be free from fins, burrs, and unsightly finish caused by chipping, filing, or grinding without subsequent buffing or polishing. All molded nylon parts shall be cleaned thoroughly of annealing mediums. Packing assemblies shall be free of voids, pin holes, flash, or other imperfections, that may impair their serviceability.
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1.1 This practice lists commonly used types of branch connections for carbon steel, chromium-molybdenum steel pipe and copper-nickel alloy tubing. Branch to run size applications are given in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3. Other types of branch connections (Fig. 1) may be used provided they comply with the requirements of Title 46 CFR Subparts 56.07-10(f) and 56.70-15(g) of the USCG Regulations.
FIG. 1 Illustrative Legend for Branch Connections
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This specification covers the requirements for electrical liquid level indicating equipment for shipboard low pressure and high pressure tanks containing freshwater, feed water, potable water, seawater, wastewater, diesel fuel, lubricating oil, contaminated oil, refrigerants, JP fuels, and various other fluids. Application includes compensating tanks in which the equipment must locate the interface. Each liquid level indicating equipment shall consists of one or more sensing devices; primary indicator panel assembly; and flexible interconnections, auxiliary indicator panel assembly, and portable indicator panel assembly, when needed or required. The level sensing techniques include: admittance and impedance, magnetic float, differential pressure, time domain reflectometry, capacitance, resistance tape, static pressure, radar, and ultrasonic sensing. The most common types of process media and the specified pressure range and display for liquid level indication are given. Materials for the sensing devices and wetted pans shall be selected for long-term compatibility with the process medium. Physical property requirements include: (1) enclosure, (2) liquid level indicating equipment mounting, (3) external configuration, (4) electrical connection, and (5) size and weight. Critical service life and performance requirements shall be specified in the acquisition requirements. The following performance characteristics and environmental exposures may or may not be important to the intended application: accuracy, response time, repeatability, hysteresis, insulation resistance, specific gravity, fluid conductivity, tank wall proximity, inclination, spike voltage, salt spray, vibration, shock enclosure, dc magnetic field, electromagnetic interference, immersion, and supply line voltage and frequency variation. Inspection requirements specified are classified as (1) first article test and (2) conformance test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for electrical liquid level indicating equipment for shipboard low pressure and high pressure tanks containing freshwater, feed water, potable water, seawater, wastewater, diesel fuel, lubricating oil, contaminated oil, refrigerants, JP fuels, and various other fluids. Application includes compensating tanks in which the equipment must locate the interface.
1.2 Each liquid level indicating equipment typically consists of the following components:
(a) One or more sensing devices;
(b) Flexible interconnections, if needed;
(c) Primary indicator panel assembly;
(d) Auxiliary indicator panel assembly, when required; and
(e) Portable indicator panel assembly, when required.
1.3 Special requirements for naval shipboard applications are included in the Supplementary Requirements section to this specification.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Inch-pound units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Where information is to be specified, it shall be stated in SI units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This specification covers insulation monitoring devices for stripboard electrical systems. Materials covered by this specification include Type I (ac device) and Type II (dc device) electrical system insulation monitoring devices used in the detection of ohmic insulation faults to ground in either active ac ungrounded electrical systems with dc components (Type I) or dc ungrounded electrical systems (Type II). However, devices used in ac ungrounded systems without dc components are not included. The devices shall undergo conformance and routine tests to ensure that the device meets the requirements specified. Conformance tests shall included testing of response time, peak voltage, input impedance or resistance, built-in meters, and impulse voltage withstand capabilities, whereas routine tests shall include testing of response value, self-test function, built-in meters, and voltage.
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1.1 This specification covers two (2) types of electrical system insulation monitoring devices.
1.1.1 Type I is an AC device intended as a permanently installed unit for use in the detection of ohmic insulation faults to ground in active AC ungrounded electrical systems up to 1000 VAC, having DC components up to 1500 VDC.
1.1.2 Type II is a DC device intended as a permanently installed unit for use in the detection of ohmic insulation faults to ground in DC ungrounded electrical systems up to 1500 VDC.
1.2 Limitations—This specification does not cover devices that are intended for operation in AC ungrounded systems without DC components.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are included for information only and are not considered standard.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing certain petroleum products, as one element in establishing uniformity of shipments and sources of supply.
5.2 See Guide D117 for applicability to mineral oils used as electrical insulating oils.
5.3 The Saybolt Furol viscosity is approximately one tenth the Saybolt Universal viscosity, and is recommended for characterization of petroleum products such as fuel oils and other residual materials having Saybolt Universal viscosities greater than 1000 s.
5.4 Determination of the Saybolt Furol viscosity of bituminous materials at higher temperatures is covered by Test Method E102/E102M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the empirical procedures for determining the Saybolt Universal or Saybolt Furol viscosities of petroleum products at specified temperatures between 21 and 99 °C [70 and 210 °F]. A special procedure for waxy products is indicated.
Note 1: Test Methods D445 and D2170/D2170M are preferred for the determination of kinematic viscosity. They require smaller samples and less time, and provide greater accuracy. Kinematic viscosities may be converted to Saybolt viscosities by use of the tables in Practice D2161. It is recommended that viscosity indexes be calculated from kinematic rather than Saybolt viscosities.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Research O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under mild conditions of operation.
5.2 Research O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.
5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1, k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-O.N. determinations.
5.2.2 Research O.N., in conjunction with Motor O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the Road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the U.S., and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
5.2.3 Research O.N. is also used either alone or in conjunction with other factors to define the Road O.N. capabilities of spark-ignition engine fuels for vehicles operating in areas of the world other than the United States.
5.3 Research O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.
5.4 Research O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N.
1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N. range.
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3 (6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.11.4, and X4.5.1.8.
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