ASTM C34-96(2001)

Standard Specification for Structural Clay Load-Bearing Wall Tile

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers structural clay loading-bearing wall tile. Two grades of tile are covered, as follows:
1.1.1 Grade LBX—Suitable for general use in masonry construction and adapted for use in masonry exposed to weathering, provided they meet the durability requirements for Grade SW of Specification C 216.
1.1.2 Grade LB—Suitable for general use in masonry where not exposed to frost action, or for use in exposed masonry where protected with a facing of 3 in. (76.2 mm) or more of stone, brick, terra cotta, or other masonry.
1.1.3 If tile having a particular color, texture, or finish are desired, these features shall be specified separately by the purchaser.
Note 1—Color of tile varies with the type of clay used and degree of burning; hence, it cannot be taken as indicative of classification until after it has been related to absorption and strength by actual tests.
1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of tile extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or non-conformance to the property requirements (Section 3) of this standard is beyond the scope of this standard.
1.3 Tile covered by this standard are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired bond in Terminology C 43.)
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Dec-2001
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C15 - Manufactured Masonry Units
• Drafting Committee: C15.02 - Brick and Structural Clay Tile

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C34-96 - Standard Specification for Structural Clay Load-Bearing Wall Tile
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2001
• Replaced By: ASTM C34-03 - Standard Specification for Structural Clay Load-Bearing Wall Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C56-22 - Standard Specification for Structural Clay Nonloadbearing Tile
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C652-22 - Standard Specification for Hollow Brick (Hollow Masonry Units Made From Clay or Shale)
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2001
• Referred By: ASTM C1232-21a - Standard Terminology for Masonry
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 34 – 96 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Specification for
1
Structural Clay Load-Bearing Wall Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 34; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This specification covers structural clay loading-bearing 2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
wall tile. Two grades of tile are covered, as follows: C 43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products
1.1.1 Grade LBX—Suitable for general use in masonry C 67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and
2
construction and adapted for use in masonry exposed to Structural Clay Tile
weathering, provided they meet the durability requirements for C 216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units
2
Grade SW of Specification C 216. Made from Clay or Shale)
1.1.2 Grade LB—Suitable for general use in masonry where
3. Physical Properties
not exposed to frost action, or for use in exposed masonry
where protected with a facing of 3 in. (76.2 mm) or more of 3.1 Structural clay load-bearing wall tile shall conform to
the physical properties for the grade specified as prescribed in
stone, brick, terra cotta, or other masonry.
1.1.3 If tile having a particular color, texture, or finish are Table 1.
3.2 Tile of Grade LBX shall be accepted under all condi-
desired, these features shall be specified separately by the
purchaser. tions instead of Grade LB.
3.3 End-construction tile are tile designed to be placed in
NOTE 1—Color of tile varies with the type of clay used and degree of
the wall with axes of the cells vertical. Side-construction tile
burning; hence, it cannot be taken as indicative of classification until after
are tile designed to be placed in the wall with the axes of the
it has been related to absorption and strength by actual tests.
cells horizontal. Where end-construction tile are used on the
1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at the
side they shall conform to the requirements of side-
time of purchase. The use of results from testing of tile
construction tile and vice versa.
extracted from masonry structures for determining conform-
3.4 Bonding tile shall be so designed as to provide recesses
ance or non-conformance to the property requirements (Section
for header brick courses when laid up in brick-faced walls.
3) of this standard is beyond the scope of this standard.
1.3 Tile covered by this standard are manufactured from
4. Number of Cells
clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and
4.1 Load-bearing tile shall conform to the following re-
subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing).
A
quirements for minimum number of cells in the direction of
The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between
wall thickness (see Note 2 for approximate weights of tile):
the particulate constituents to provide the strength and dura-
Nominal Horizontal Minimum Number of
bility requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired
A
Thickness of Cells in Direction of
bond in Terminology C 43.) Tile as Laid in Wall, in. (mm) Wall Thickness
4 (101.6) 1
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
6 (152.4) 1
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
8 (203.2) 2
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered 10 (254.0) 2
12 (304.8) 3
as requirements of the standard.
A
Cells are hollow spaces enclosed within the perimeter of the exterior shells,
1
and having a minimum dimension of not less than ⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) and a
2 2
cross-sectional area of not less than 1 in. (6.5 cm ).
1 Fire-resistance regulations of governing codes should be checked as to type of
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
tile required.
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1996. Published January 1997. Originally
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published as C 34 – 21 T. Last previous edition C 34 – 93. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C34
TABLE 1 Physical Properties
B
Maximum Water Minimum Compressive Strength (Based on Gross Area), psi (MPa)
A
Absorption by 1-h Bo
...