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ASTM D977-13

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt

Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for thirteen grades of emulsified asphalt for use in pavement construction in the manner designated. The emulsified asphalts shall be homogeneous after thorough mixing and shall be tested within 14 days of delivery. Asphalts separated by freezing shall no longer be tested. Materials shall be appropriately sampled and tested, and shall conform accordingly to the following physical requirements: viscosity; storage stability; demulsibility; coating ability and water resistance; cement mixing; residue by distillation; oil distillate; ductility; solubility in trichloroethylene; and behavior during sieve, penetration, and float tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers thirteen grades of emulsified asphalt for use in pavement construction in the manner designated.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2013
ICS
91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
93.080.20 - Road construction materials
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.41 - Emulsified Asphalt Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D977-12b - Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Replaced By
ASTM D977-13e1 - Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Referred By
ASTM D7497-21 - Standard Practice for Recovering Residue from Emulsified Asphalt Using Low-Temperature Evaporative Technique
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Referred By
ASTM D4215-21 - Standard Specification for Cold-Mixed, Cold-Laid Asphalt Paving Mixtures
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Referred By
ASTM D3910-21 - Standard Practices for Design, Testing, and Construction of Slurry Seal
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Referred By
ASTM D7404-19 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Emulsified Asphalt Residue by Moisture Balance Analyzer
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Referred By
ASTM D1369-19 - Standard Practice for Quantities of Materials for Asphalt-Aggregate Surface Treatments
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Referred By
ASTM D4223/D4223M-20 - Standard Practices for Preparation of Test Specimens of Asphalt-Stabilized Soils
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Referred By
ASTM D4057-22 - Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Referred By
ASTM D7196-23 - Standard Test Method for Raveling Test of Cold-Mixed Emulsified Asphalt Samples
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Referred By
ASTM D7226-13(2023) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalts Using a Rotational Paddle Viscometer
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Referred By
ASTM D3628-15(2021) - Standard Practice for Selection and Use of Emulsified Asphalts
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Referred By
ASTM D7496-18 - Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalt by Saybolt Furol Viscometer
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Referred By
ASTM D5505-14(2020) - Standard Practice for Classifying Emulsified Recycling Agents
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Referred By
ASTM D5360-15 - Standard Practice for Design and Construction of Bituminous Surface Treatments
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D977 −13
StandardSpecification for
1
Emulsified Asphalt
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D7496 Test Method for Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalt by
Saybolt Furol Viscometer
1.1 This specification covers thirteen grades of emulsified
asphalt for use in pavement construction in the manner
3. Requirements
designated.
3.1 The emulsified asphalt shall be tested within 14 days of
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
delivery. The emulsified asphalt shall be homogeneous after
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
thorough mixing provided separation has not been caused by
standard.
freezing. Emulsified asphalts separated by freezing shall not be
tested.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2 Emulsified asphalt shall conform to the requirements
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
prescribed in Table 1 or Table 2. If no table is specified, default
D5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
is Table 1.
D113 Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous Materials
D139 Test Method for Float Test for Bituminous Materials
4. Sampling
D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
4.1 Samples of emulsified asphalt shall be taken in accor-
D244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
dance with Practice D140.
D3910 Practices for Design, Testing, and Construction of
4.2 Samples shall be stored in clean, airtight sealed contain-
Slurry Seal
ers as specified in Practice D140 at a temperature of not less
D6930 Test Method for Settlement and Storage Stability of
than 4°C until tested.
Emulsified Asphalts
D6933 Test Method for Oversized Particles in Emulsified
5. Test Methods
Asphalts (Sieve Test)
D6935 Test Method for Determining Cement Mixing of 5.1 The properties of the emulsified asphalts given in Table
Emulsified Asphalt 1 or Table 2 shall be determined in accordance with the
D6936 Test Method for Determining Demulsibility of Emul- following ASTM test methods:
sified Asphalt 5.1.1 Viscosity—Test Method D7496.
D6997 Test Method for Distillation of Emulsified Asphalt 5.1.2 Storage Stability—Test Method D6930.
D7226 Test Method for Determining the Viscosity of Emul- 5.1.3 Demulsibility—Test Method D6936.
sified Asphalts Using a Rotational Paddle Viscometer 5.1.4 Coating Ability and Water Resistance—Test Methods
D7553 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in D244.
5.1.5 Cement Mixing—Test Method D6935.
N-Propyl Bromide
D2042 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in 5.1.6 Sieve Test—Test Method D6933.
5.1.7 Distillation—Test Method D6997.
Trichloroethylene
5.1.8 Tests on Residue from Distillation—Test Methods
D244.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road 5.1.8.1 Penetration—Test Method D5
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.41 on
5.1.8.2 Ductility—Test Method D113
Emulsified Asphalt Specifications.
5.1.8.3 Solubility—Test Method D2042 or D7553
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2013.PublishedJuly2013.Originallyapproved
5.1.8.4 Float Test—Test Method D139
in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D977-12b. DOI: 10.1520/
D0977-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 6. Keywords
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1 emulsion; emulsified asphalt; high float; medium set-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ting; rapid setting; slow setting
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D977−13
2
TABLE 1 Requirements for Emulsified Asphalt
NOTE 1—QS-1h emulsified asphalt shall meet the requirements outlined in Practice D3910 .
NOTE 2—QS-1h is used for Quick Set Slurry Seal systems.
Rapid-Setting Medium-Setting
Type RS-1 RS-2 HFRS-2 MS-1 MS-2 MS-2h
Grade min max min max min max min max min max min max
Tests on emulsions:
Viscosity, Saybolt Furol at 25°C SFS 20 100 . . . . 20 100 100 . 100 .
Viscosity, Saybolt Furol at 50°C SFS . . 75 400 75 400 . . . . . .
A
Storage stability test, 24-h, % . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1
Demulsibility, 35 ml, 0.02 N CaCl , % 60 . 60 . 60 . . . . . . .
2
Coating ability and water resistance:
Coating, dry aggregate . . . good good good
Coating, after spraying . . . fair fair fair
Coating, wet aggre
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D977 − 12b D977 − 13
Standard Specification for
1
Emulsified Asphalt
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers thirteen grades of emulsified asphalt for use in pavement construction in the manner designated.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
D113 Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous Materials
D139 Test Method for Float Test for Bituminous Materials
D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
D244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
D3910 Practices for Design, Testing, and Construction of Slurry Seal
D6930 Test Method for Settlement and Storage Stability of Emulsified Asphalts
D6933 Test Method for Oversized Particles in Emulsified Asphalts (Sieve Test)
D6935 Test Method for Determining Cement Mixing of Emulsified Asphalt
D6936 Test Method for Determining Demulsibility of Emulsified Asphalt
D6997 Test Method for Distillation of Emulsified Asphalt
D7226 Test Method for Determining the Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalts Using a Rotational Paddle Viscometer
D7553 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in N-Propyl Bromide
D2042 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in Trichloroethylene
D7496 Test Method for Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalt by Saybolt Furol Viscometer
3. Requirements
3.1 The emulsified asphalt shall be tested within 14 days of delivery. The emulsified asphalt shall be homogeneous after
thorough mixing provided separation has not been caused by freezing. Emulsified asphalts separated by freezing shall not be tested.
3.2 Emulsified asphalt shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1 or Table 2. If no table is specified, default is Table
1.
4. Sampling
4.1 Samples of emulsified asphalt shall be taken in accordance with Practice D140.
4.2 Samples shall be stored in clean, airtight sealed containers as specified in Practice D140 at a temperature of not less than
4°C until tested.
5. Test Methods
5.1 The properties of the emulsified asphalts given in Table 1 or Table 2 shall be determined in accordance with the following
ASTM test methods:
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.41 on Emulsified
Asphalt Specifications.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012June 1, 2013. Published December 2012July 2013. Originally approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as
D977-12a.-12b. DOI: 10.1520/D0977-12b.10.1520/D0977-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D977 − 13
2
TABLE 1 Requirements for Emulsified Asphalt
NOTE 1—QS-1h emulsions emulsified asphalt shall meet the requirements outlined in PracticesPractice D3910 .
NOTE 2—QS-1h is used for Quick Set Slurry Seal systems.
Rapid-Setting Medium-Setting
Type RS-1 RS-2 HFRS-2 MS-1 MS-2 MS-2h
Grade min max min max min max min max min max min max
Tests on emulsions:
Viscosity, Saybolt Furol at 25°C SFS 20 100 . . . . 20 100 100 . 100 .
Viscosity, Saybolt Furol at 50°C SFS . . 75 400 75 400 . . . . . .
A
Storage stability test, 24-h, % . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1
Demulsibility, 35 ml, 0.02 N CaCl , % 60 . 60 . 60 . . . . . . .
2
Coating ability and water resistance:
Coating, dry aggregate . . . good good good
Coating, after spraying . . . fair fair fair
Coating, wet aggregate . . . fair fair fair
Coating, after spraying . . . fair fair fair
Cement mixing test, % . . . . . . . . . . . .
A
Sieve test, % . 0.10 . 0.10 . 0.10 . 0.10 . 0.10 . 0.10
Residue by distillat
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of kinematic viscosity of liquid asphalts, road oils, and distillation residues of liquid asphalts all at 60 °C [140 °F] and of liquid asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] (see table notes, 11.1) in the range from 6 to 100 000 mm2/s [cSt].  
1.2 Results of this test method can be used to calculate viscosity when the density of the test material at the test temperature is known or can be determined. See Annex A1 for the method of calculation.  
Note 1: This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures and at lower kinematic viscosities, but the precision is based on determinations on liquid asphalts and road oils at 60 °C [140 °F] and on asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] only in the viscosity range from 30 to 6000 mm2/s [cSt].
Note 2: Modified asphalt binders or asphalt binders that have been conditioned or recovered are typically non-Newtonian under the conditions of this test. The viscosity determined from this method is under the assumption that asphalt binders behave as Newtonian fluids under the conditions of this test. When the flow is non-Newtonian in a capillary tube, the shear rate determined by this method may be invalid. The presence of non-Newtonian behavior for the test conditions can be verified by measuring the viscosity with viscometers having different-sized capillary tubes. The defined precision limits in 11.1 may not be applicable to non-Newtonian asphalt binders.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior ...

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  • Standard
    11 pages
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ASTM
ASTM D1461-17(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Moisture or Volatile Distillates in Asphalt Mixtures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is used for determining either the amount of moisture or the amount of volatile petroleum distillates in asphalt mixtures.  
3.2 Applicable standards are those in which measurements or calibrations are made, samples are procured, or products are selected.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, by direct measurement, of moisture or volatile fractions of the asphalt in asphalt mixtures.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3289-17(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and Solid Asphalt Materials (Nickel Crucible Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from the temperature of measurement to a standard temperature using Practice D4311/D4311M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of semi-solid and solid asphalt materials by weighing in air and in water.
Note 1: An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solid and solid asphalt materials is Test Method D70/D70M. For materials which are too fluid for use of this method, use Test Method D3142/D3142M.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Warning— Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury or its vapor may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and EPA’s website—www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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