ASTM D4057-22
(Practice)Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Samples of petroleum and petroleum products are obtained for many reasons, including the determination of chemical and physical properties. These properties may be used for: calculating standard volumes; establishing product value; and often safety and regulatory reporting.
4.2 There are inherent limitations when performing any type of sampling, any one of which may affect the representative nature of the sample. As examples, a spot sample provides a sample from only one particular point in the tank, vessel compartment, or pipeline. In the case of running or all-level samples, the sample only represents the column of material from which it was taken.
4.3 Based on the product, and testing to be performed, this practice provides guidance on sampling equipment, container preparation, and manual sampling procedures for petroleum and petroleum products of a liquid, semi-liquid, or solid state, from the storage tanks, flowlines, pipelines, marine vessels, process vessels, drums, cans, tubes, bags, kettles, and open discharge streams into the primary sample container.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures and equipment for manually obtaining samples of liquid petroleum and petroleum products, crude oils, and intermediate products from the sample point into the primary container are described. Procedures are also included for the sampling of free water and other heavy components associated with petroleum and petroleum products.
1.2 This practice also addresses the sampling of semi-liquid or solid-state petroleum products. For the sampling of green petroleum coke, see Practice D8145. For the sampling of calcined petroleum coke, see Practice D6970.
1.3 This practice provides additional specific information about sample container selection, preparation, and sample handling.
1.4 This practice does not cover sampling of electrical insulating oils and hydraulic fluids. If sampling is for the precise determination of volatility, use Practice D5842 (API MPMS Chapter 8.4) in conjunction with this practice. For sample mixing and handling, refer to Practice D5854 (API MPMS Chapter 8.3).
1.5 The procedures described in this practice may also be applicable in sampling most non-corrosive liquid industrial chemicals provided that all safety precautions specific to these chemicals are followed. Also, refer to Practice E300. The procedures described in this practice are also applicable to sampling liquefied petroleum gases and chemicals. Also refer to Practices D1265 and D3700. The procedure for sampling bituminous materials is described in Practice D140. Practice D4306 provides guidance on sample containers and preparation for sampling aviation fuel.
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. USC units are reflected in parentheses.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4057 − 22
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 8.1
Standard Practice for
1
Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4057; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The previous version of the manual sampling practice described the various sampling methods and
apparatus, with much focus on crude oils and semi-solids and solids. Also, previous versions did not
significantly address closed or restricted sampling, which continue to become more prevalent.
This version will provide guidance on manual sampling terminology, concepts, equipment,
containers, procedures, and will provide some specific guidance related to particular products and
tests. The type and size of the sample obtained, and the handling method, will depend on the purpose
for which it was taken. Refer to the test method for any specific sampling and handling requirements
uptothepointoftesting.Itremainstheresponsibilityofthesubcommitteefortherelevanttestmethod
to provide guidance, or warnings, regarding sample container selection; preparation; cleanliness; heat,
pressure, or light; sample size requirements for testing and retention; and any other special handling
requirements necessary to ensure a representative sample is tested.
In addition to the individual test method, for guidance on container, size, mixing and special
handling, further guidance may be provided in Practice D5854 (API MPMS Chapter 8.3), Practice
D5842 (API MPMS Chapter 8.4), and Practice D4306. While this practice will provide some general
guidance regarding sample chain of custody, Guide D4840 should also be consulted.
This document has been developed jointly between the American Petroleum Institute (API) and
ASTM International.
1. Scope* petroleum coke, see Practice D8145. For the sampling of
calcined petroleum coke, see Practice D6970.
1.1 This practice covers procedures and equipment for
manually obtaining samples of liquid petroleum and petroleum
1.3 This practice provides additional specific information
products, crude oils, and intermediate products from the
about sample container selection, preparation, and sample
sample point into the primary container are described. Proce-
handling.
duresarealsoincludedforthesamplingoffreewaterandother
1.4 This practice does not cover sampling of electrical
heavy components associated with petroleum and petroleum
insulating oils and hydraulic fluids. If sampling is for the
products.
precise determination of volatility, use Practice D5842 (API
1.2 This practice also addresses the sampling of semi-liquid
MPMS Chapter 8.4) in conjunction with this practice. For
or solid-state petroleum products. For the sampling of green
sample mixing and handling, refer to Practice D5854 (API
MPMS Chapter 8.3).
1 1.5 The procedures described in this practice may also be
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and the API Committee on Petroleum
applicable in sampling most non-corrosive liquid industrial
Measurement, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ the
chemicals provided that all safety precautions specific to these
joint ASTM-API Committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer
chemicals are followed. Also, refer to Practice E300. The
(Joint ASTM-API). This practice has been approved by the sponsoring committees
and accepted by the Cooperating Societies in accordance with established proce-
procedures described in this practice are also applicable to
dures. This practice was issued as a joint ASTM-API standard in 1981.
sampling liquefied petroleum gases and chemicals. Also refer
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published June 2022. Originally
to Practices D1265 and D3700. The procedure for sampling
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D4057 – 19. DOI:
10.1520/D4057-22. bituminous materials is described in Practice D140. Practice
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
© Jointly copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA and the American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L Street NW, Washington DC 20005, USA
1
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D4057
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4057 − 19 D4057 − 22
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 8.1
Standard Practice for
1
Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4057; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The previous version of the manual sampling practice described the various sampling methods and
apparatus, with much focus on crude oils and semi-solids and solids. Also, previous versions did not
significantly address closed or restricted sampling, which continue to become more prevalent.
This version will provide guidance on manual sampling terminology, concepts, equipment,
containers, procedures, and will provide some specific guidance related to particular products and
tests. The type and size of the sample obtained, and the handling method, will depend on the purpose
for which it was taken. Refer to the test method for any specific sampling and handling requirements
up to the point of testing. It remains the responsibility of the subcommittee for the relevant test method
to provide guidance, or warnings, regarding sample container selection; preparation; cleanliness; heat,
pressure, or light; sample size requirements for testing and retention; and any other special handling
requirements necessary to ensure a representative sample is tested.
In addition to the individual test method, for guidance on container, size, mixing and special
handling, further guidance may be provided in Practice D5854 (API MPMS Chapter 8.3), Practice
D5842 (API MPMS Chapter 8.4), and Practice D4306. While this practice will provide some general
guidance regarding sample chain of custody, Guide D4840 should also be consulted.
This document has been developed jointly between the American Petroleum Institute (API) and
ASTM International.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers procedures and equipment for manually obtaining samples of liquid petroleum and petroleum products,
crude oils, and intermediate products from the sample point into the primary container are described. Procedures are also included
for the sampling of free water and other heavy components associated with petroleum and petroleum products.
1.2 This practice also addresses the sampling of semi-liquid or solid-state petroleum products. For the sampling of green
petroleum coke, see Practice D8145. For the sampling of calcined petroleum coke, see Practice D6970.
1.3 This practice provides additional specific information about sample container selection, preparation, and sample handling.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and the API Committee on Petroleum Measurement,
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ the joint ASTM-API Committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API).
This practice has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted by the Cooperating Societies in accordance with established procedures. This practice was issued
as a joint ASTM-API standard in 1981.
Current edition approved July 1, 2019May 1, 2022. Published August 2019June 2022. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20182019 as
D4057 – 12 (2018).D4057 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/D4057-19.10.1520/D4057-22.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
© Jointly copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA and the American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L Street NW, Washington DC 20005, USA
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4057 − 22
1.4 This practice does not cover sampling of electrical insulating oils and hydraulic fluids. If sampling is for the precise
determination of volatility, use Practice D5842 (API MPMS Chapter 8.4) in conjunction with this practice. For sample mixing and
handling, refer to Practice D5854 (API MPMS Chapter 8.3).
1.5 The procedures described in this practice may also be applicable in sampling most non-corrosive liquid industrial chemicals
provided that all safety precautions specific to these chemicals are followed. Also, refer to Practice E300. The procedures de
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