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ASTM D7900-13e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Light Hydrocarbons in Stabilized Crude Oils by Gas Chromatography

Standard Test Method for Determination of Light Hydrocarbons in Stabilized Crude Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Knowledge of the boiling point distribution of stabilized crude oils is important for the marketing, scheduling, and processing of crude oil in the petroleum industry. Test Method D7169 and IP 545 purport to give such a distribution in crude oils, but are susceptible to significant errors in the light ends portion of the distribution as well as in the mass recovery of the whole crude oil due to the interference imposed by the diluent solvent. This test method allows for more accurate determination of the front end of the boiling point distribution curve, in addition to providing important C1 to C9 (nonane) component level information, and more accurate mass recovery at C9 (nonane).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a method to determine the boiling range distribution of hydrocarbons in stabilized crude oil up to and including n-nonane. A stabilized crude oil is defined as having a Reid Vapor Pressure equivalent to or less than 82.7 kPa. The results of this test method can be combined with those from Test Method D7169 and IP 545 to give a full boiling point distribution of a crude oil. See Test Method D7169 (IP 545) for merging of these results to give a full crude analysis.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2013
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.04.0L - Gas Chromatography Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7900-17 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Light Hydrocarbons in Stabilized Crude Oils by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Oct-2017

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D7900 − 13
Designation: 601
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Light Hydrocarbons in Stabilized Crude
1,2
Oils by Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7900; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Eq 2 was corrected editorially in July 2014.
1. Scope D5134 Test Method for Detailed Analysis of Petroleum
Naphthas through n-Nonane by Capillary Gas Chroma-
1.1 This test method specifies a method to determine the
tography
boiling range distribution of hydrocarbons in stabilized crude
D6729 Test Method for Determination of Individual Com-
oil up to and including n-nonane. A stabilized crude oil is
ponents in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 100 Metre
defined as having a Reid Vapor Pressure equivalent to or less
Capillary High Resolution Gas Chromatography
than 82.7 kPa. The results of this test method can be combined
D6730 Test Method for Determination of Individual Com-
with those from Test Method D7169 and IP 545 to give a full
ponents in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 100–Metre
boiling point distribution of a crude oil. See Test Method
Capillary (with Precolumn) High-Resolution Gas Chro-
D7169 (IP545) for merging of these results to give a full crude
matography
analysis.
D6733 Test Method for Determination of Individual Com-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
ponents in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 50-Metre
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
Capillary High Resolution Gas Chromatography
information purposes only.
D7169 Test Method for Boiling Point Distribution of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Samples with Residues Such as Crude Oils and Atmo-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
spheric and Vacuum Residues by High Temperature Gas
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Chromatography
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
E355 Practice for Gas ChromatographyTerms and Relation-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ships
4
2. Referenced Documents
2.2 Energy Institute Standards:
3
IP 545 Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products—
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Crude Oil
D323 TestMethodforVaporPressureofPetroleumProducts
IP 475 Manual Sampling
(Reid Method)
IP 476 Automatic Pipeline Sampling
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
5
Petroleum Products
2.3 ISO Standard:
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
ISO 4259 Petroleum Products—Determination andApplica-
Petroleum Products
tion of Precision Data in Relation to Methods of Test
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
3. Terminology
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.
3.1 Definitions—This test method makes reference to many
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013. Published January 2014. DOI: 10.1520/
common gas chromatographic procedures, terms, and relation-
D7900-13E01
ships. Detailed definitions can be found in Practice E355.
2
This standard has been developed through the cooperative effort between
ASTM and the Energy Institute, London. The IP and ASTM logos imply that the
ASTM and IPstandards are technically equivalent, but their use does not imply that
both standards are editorially identical.
3 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Information on Energy Institute Standards can be obtained from the Energy
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Institute at www.energyinst.org.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D7900 − 13
TABLE 1 Typical Chromatographic Conditions
Pre-column Pre-column Analytical Accelerated
A B Analytical
Column Length—metres 1.0 m 0.075 m 50 or 100 m 40 m
Column Internal Diameter—mm 2 mm 2.5 mm 0.25 mm 0.10 mm
Phase Loading 5 % 10 %
Film Thickness 0.5 um
Injection Volume 0.1 µL 0.1 µL
Injector Split Ratio 100 : 1 600 : 1
Injector Temperature 300°C 100°C
Pre-column Temperature 200°C 100°C
Injector Prog. Rate °C/min 50°C/min
Final Injector Temperature 300°C
Initial Oven Temperature 35°
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D7900 − 13 D7900 − 13
Designation: 601
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Light Hydrocarbons in Stabilized Crude
1,2
Oils by Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7900; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Eq 2 was corrected editorially in July 2014.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method specifies a method to determine the boiling range distribution of hydrocarbons in stabilized crude oil up
to and including n-nonane. A stabilized crude oil is defined as having a Reid Vapor Pressure equivalent to or less than 82.7 kPa.
The results of this test method can be combined with those from Test Method D7169 and IP 545 to give a full boiling point
distribution of a crude oil. See Test Method D7169 (IP 545) for merging of these results to give a full crude analysis.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information
purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D5134 Test Method for Detailed Analysis of Petroleum Naphthas through n-Nonane by Capillary Gas Chromatography
D6729 Test Method for Determination of Individual Components in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 100 Metre Capillary High
Resolution Gas Chromatography
D6730 Test Method for Determination of Individual Components in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 100–Metre Capillary (with
Precolumn) High-Resolution Gas Chromatography
D6733 Test Method for Determination of Individual Components in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 50-Metre Capillary High
Resolution Gas Chromatography
D7169 Test Method for Boiling Point Distribution of Samples with Residues Such as Crude Oils and Atmospheric and Vacuum
Residues by High Temperature Gas Chromatography
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships
4
2.2 Energy Institute Standards:
IP 545 Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products—Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Crude Oil
IP 475 Manual Sampling
IP 476 Automatic Pipeline Sampling
5
2.3 ISO Standard:
ISO 4259 Petroleum Products—Determination and Application of Precision Data in Relation to Methods of Test
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013. Published January 2014. DOI: 10.1520/D7900-13.10.1520/D7900-13E01
2
This standard has been developed through the cooperative effort between ASTM and the Energy Institute, London. The IP and ASTM logos imply that the ASTM and
IP standards are technically equivalent, but their use does not imply that both standards are editorially identical.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Information on Energy Institute Standards can be obtained from the Energy Institute at www.energyinst.org.
5
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D7900 − 13
TABLE 1 Typical Chromatographic Conditions
Pre-column Pre-column Analytical Accelerated
A B Analytical
Column Length—metres 1.0 m 0.075 m 50 or 100 m 40 m
Column Internal Diameter—mm 2 mm 2.5 mm 0.25 mm 0.10 mm
Phase Loading 5 % 10 %
Film Thickness 0.5 um
Injection Volume 0.1 μL 0.1 μL
Injector Split Ratio 100 : 1 600 : 1
Injector Temperature 300°C 100°C
Pre-column Temperature 2
...

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Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity of a Blend of Petroleum Products

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5.4 Although this practice was developed using kinematic viscosity and volume fraction of each component, the dynamic viscosity or mass fraction, or both, may be used instead with minimal error if the densities of the components do not differ greatly. For fuel blends, it was found that viscosity blending using mass fractions gave more accurate results. For base stock blends, there was no significant difference between mass fraction and volume fraction calculations.  
5.5 The calculations described in this practice have been computerized as a spreadsheet and are available as an adjunct.3
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the estimated kinematic viscosity of a blend of two or more petroleum products, such as lubricating oil base stocks, fuel components, residual fuel oil with kerosene, crude oils, and related products, from their kinematic viscosities and blend fractions.  
1.2 This practice allows for the estimation of the fraction of each of two petroleum products needed to prepare a blend meeting a specific viscosity.  
1.3 This practice may not be applicable to other types of products, or to materials which exhibit strong non-Newtonian properties, such as viscosity index improvers, additive packages, and products containing particulates.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Logarithms may be either common logarithms or natural logarithms, as long as the same are used consistently. This practice uses common logarithms. If natural logarithms are used, the inverse function, exp(×), must be used in place of the base 10 exponential function, 10×, used herein.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4952-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur present as mercaptans or as hydrogen sulfide in distillate fuels and solvents can attack many metallic and non-metallic materials in fuel and other distribution systems. A negative result in the doctor test ensures that the concentration of these compounds is insufficient to cause such problems in normal use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is intended primarily for the detection of mercaptans in motor fuel, kerosine, and similar petroleum products. This method may also provide information on hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur that may be present in these sample types.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see 7.3.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2887-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions provides an insight into the composition of feedstocks and products related to petroleum refining processes. The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are essentially equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D2892). They are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillations such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160.  
5.3 Procedure B was tested with biodiesel mixtures and reports the Boiling Point Distribution of FAME esters of vegetable and animal origin mixed with ultra low sulfur diesel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538 °C (1000 °F) or lower at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55.5 °C (100 °F), and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.
Note 1: Since a boiling range is the difference between two temperatures, only the constant of 1.8 °F/°C is used in the conversion of the temperature range from one system of units to another.  
1.1.1 Procedure A (Sections 6 – 14)—Allows a larger selection of columns and analysis conditions such as packed and capillary columns as well as a Thermal Conductivity Detector in addition to the Flame Ionization Detector. Analysis times range from 14 min to 60 min.  
1.1.2 Procedure B (Sections 15 – 23)—Is restricted to only 3 capillary columns and requires no sample dilution. In addition, Procedure B is used not only for the sample types described in Procedure A but also for the analysis of samples containing biodiesel mixtures B5, B10, and B20. The analysis time, when using Procedure B (Accelerated D2887), is reduced to about 8 min.  
1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of gasoline samples or gasoline components. These types of samples must be analyzed by Test Method D7096.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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