ASTM D322-97

Standard Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline Engine Oils by Distillation

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the amount of dilution in crankcase oils of engines when gasoline has been used as the fuel.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statement, see 5.4.
1.3 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Dec-1997
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.06.0B - Physical Testing

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D322-97(2002)e1 - Standard Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline Engine Oils by Distillation
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation: D 322 – 97
Designation: 23/2000
Standard Test Method for
Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline Engine Oils by
Distillation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP standard in 1964.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2.2 IP Methods for Analyses and Testing, Vol II, Part I
1.1 This test method covers determination of the amount of
dilution in crankcase oils of engines when gasoline has been
3. Terminology
used as the fuel.
3.1 Definitions:
NOTE 1—There may be cases in dispute, therefore, the user of this test
3.1.1 fuel diluent, n—in used oil analysis, unburnt fuel
method is advised to establish whether this method will be accepted. There
components that enter the engine crankcase causing dilution of
may be cases where Test Method D 3525 results will be set as the referee
the oil.
value.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—In this test method, the fuel diluent
1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be
components being determined are from gasoline.
regarded as the standard.
3.1.2 used oil, n—any oil that has been in a piece of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
equipment (for example, an engine, gearbox, transformer, or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
turbine) whether operated or not. D 4175
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—In this test method, used oil is from a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
gasoline engine.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
precautionary statement, see 6.4. 4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The sample, mixed with water, is placed in a glass still
2. Referenced Documents
provided with a reflux condenser discharging into a graduated
2.1 ASTM Standards:
trap connected to the still. Heat is applied, and the contents of
D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
the still are brought to boiling. The diluent in the sample is
Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvents
vaporized with the water and then liquefied in the condenser.
D 3525 Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline
The diluent collects at the top of the trap, and the excess water
Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
runs back to the still where it is again vaporized, carrying over
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
an additional quantity of diluent. The boiling is continued until
Petroleum Products
all the diluent has been boiled out and recovered in the trap.
D 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
The volume is recorded.
Products, and Lubricants
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and 5. Significance and Use
Petroleum Products
5.1 Some fuel dilution of the engine oil may take place
during normal operation. However, excessive fuel dilution is of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
concern in terms of possible performance problems.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.06 on Analysis of Lubricants.
6. Apparatus
In the IP, this method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.
6.1 Flask, round-bottom type (see Fig. 1 and A1.1).
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1997. Published August 1998. Originally
published as D 322 – 30. Last previous edition D 322 – 92.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. Available from the Institute of Petroleum, 61 New Cavendish St., London,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03. W1M 8AR.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 322
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Determining Diluent in Gasoline Engine Crankcase Oil
NOTE 3—Warning: Flammable. Denatured. Cannot be made non-
6.2 Condenser, Liebig straight-tube type (see A1.2).
toxic.
6.3 Trap, 5 mL, graduated in 0.1-mL increments (see Fig. 1
and Fig. 2 and A1.3).
7.2 Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits), conforming to
6.4 Heater—Any suitable gas burner or electric heater may
Specification D 235.
be used with the glass flask.
NOTE 4—In Annex A1.3, the use of reagent grade heptane may be the
NOTE 2—Precaution—Hot exposed surface. Avoid contact by wearing
preferred solvent because the use of commerical grade heptane or mineral
protective equipment as required.
spirits can cause complications of container disposal that may not be
required for the disposal of the containers for reagent grade heptane.
7. Reagents and Materials
8. Sampling
7.1 Ethanol, Denatured (Warning — see Note 3), conform-
ing to either Formula No. 30 or 3A of the US Bureau of 8.1 Obtain a representative sample using either Practices
Internal Revenue. D 4057 or D 4177.
All dimensions are in millimetres
FIG. 2 Alternate Closures for Diluent Trap
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 322
9. Procedure equipment to stand for at least 30 min to allow the distillate to
separate completely and to cool to approximately room tem-
9.1 Mix the sample thoroughly, measure 25 6 5mL by
perature. Read the volume of diluent collected in the trap. If the
means of a 25-mL graduated cylinder, and transfer as much as
volume of diluent exceeds the calibrated capacity of the trap,
possible of the contents of the cylinder by pouring it into the
discontinue the test and report the results as 20 % plus.
flask. Wash the graduated cylinder with successive portions of
hot water until only a negligible am
...