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ASTM D2887-08

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography

Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions provides an insight into the composition of feedstocks and products related to petroleum refining processes. The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.
Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are essentially equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D 2892). They are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillations such as those obtained with Test Method D 86 or D 1160.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538°C (1000°F) or lower at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55.5°C (100°F), and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.
Note 1—Since a boiling range is the difference between two temperatures, only the constant of 1.8°F/°C is used in the conversion of the temperature range from one system of units to another.
1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of gasoline samples or gasoline components. These types of samples must be analyzed by Test Method D 3710.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2008
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.04.0H - Chromatographic Distribution Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D2887-12 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2887 − 08
Designation:406
Standard Test Method for
Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas
1,2
Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2887; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
Atmospheric Pressure
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling
D1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is
Reduced Pressure
applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final
D2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum
boiling point of 538°C (1000°F) or lower at atmospheric
(15-Theoretical Plate Column)
pressure as measured by this test method. This test method is
D3710 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Gaso-
limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55.5°C
line and Gasoline Fractions by Gas Chromatography
(100°F), and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
sampling at ambient temperature.
Petroleum Products
NOTE 1—Since a boiling range is the difference between two
D4626 Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic
temperatures, only the constant of 1.8°F/°C is used in the conversion of
Response Factors
the temperature range from one system of units to another.
D6708 Practice for StatisticalAssessment and Improvement
1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of
of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that
gasoline samples or gasoline components. These types of
Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material
samples must be analyzed by Test Method D3710.
E260 Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E355 Practice for Gas ChromatographyTerms and Relation-
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
ships
information only.
E516 Practice for Testing Thermal Conductivity Detectors
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the Used in Gas Chromatography
E594 Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—This test method makes reference to many
2. Referenced Documents
common gas chromatographic procedures, terms, and relation-
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ships. Detailed definitions of these can be found in Practices
E260, E355, and E594.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0H on Chromatographic Distribution Methods.
3.2.1 area slice—the area, resulting from the integration of
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally
the chromatographic detector signal, within a specified reten-
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D2887–06a. DOI:
tiontimeinterval.Inareaslicemode(see6.3.2),peakdetection
10.1520/D2887-08.
2
This standard has been developed through the cooperative effort between parameters are bypassed and the detector signal integral is
ASTM and the Institute of Petroleum, London. The IP andASTM logos imply that
recorded as area slices of consecutive, fixed duration time
theASTM and IP standards are technically equivalent, but their use does not imply
intervals.
that both standards are editorially identical.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.2.2 corrected area slice—an area slice corrected for base-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
line offset, by subtraction of the exactly corresponding area
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. slice in a previously recorded blank (non-sample) analysis.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2887 − 08
3.2.3 cumulative corrected area—the accumulated sum of equivalent to results from low efficiency dist
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D2887–06a Designation: D 2887 – 08
Designation: 406
Standard Test Method for
Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas
,
1 2
Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2887; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is
applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538°C (1000°F) or lower at atmospheric pressure
as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55°C (100°F), and
having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is
applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538°C (1000°F) or lower at atmospheric pressure
as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55.5°C (100°F), and
having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.
NOTE 1—Since a boiling range is the difference between two temperatures, only the constant of 1.8°F/°C is used in the conversion of the temperature
range from one system of units to another.
1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of gasoline samples or gasoline components.These types of samples must
be analyzed by Test Method D 3710.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D 1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure
D 2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)
D 3710 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Gasoline and Gasoline Fractions by Gas Chromatography
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 4626 Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors
D 6708 Practice for StatisticalAssessment and Improvement of ExpectedAgreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport
to Measure the Same Property of a Material
E 260 Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
E 355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships
E 516 Practice for Testing Thermal Conductivity Detectors Used in Gas Chromatography
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0H
on Chromatographic Distribution Methods.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006.2008. Published January 2007.2009. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 2887–06a.
2
This standard has been developed through the cooperative effort betweenASTM and the Institute of Petroleum, London. The IP andASTM logos imply that theASTM
and IP standards are technically equivalent, but their use does not imply that both standards are editorially identical.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2887–08
E 594 Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Thistestmethodmakesreferencetomanycommongaschromatogr
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D2887–06a Designation: D 2887 – 08
Designation: 406
Standard Test Method for
Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas
,
1 2
Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2887; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is
applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538°C (1000°F) or lower at atmospheric pressure
as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55°C (100°F), and
having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is
applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538°C (1000°F) or lower at atmospheric pressure
as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55.5°C (100°F), and
having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.
NOTE 1—Since a boiling range is the difference between two temperatures, only the constant of 1.8°F/°C is used in the conversion of the temperature
range from one system of units to another.
1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of gasoline samples or gasoline components.These types of samples must
be analyzed by Test Method D 3710.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D 1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure
D 2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)
D 3710 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Gasoline and Gasoline Fractions by Gas Chromatography
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 4626 Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors
D 6708 Practice for StatisticalAssessment and Improvement of ExpectedAgreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport
to Measure the Same Property of a Material
E 260 Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
E 355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships
E 516 Practice for Testing Thermal Conductivity Detectors Used in Gas Chromatography
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0H
on Chromatographic Distribution Methods.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006.2008. Published January 2007.2009. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 2887–06a.
2
This standard has been developed through the cooperative effort betweenASTM and the Institute of Petroleum, London. The IP andASTM logos imply that theASTM
and IP standards are technically equivalent, but their use does not imply that both standards are editorially identical.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2887–08
E 594 Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Thistestmethodmakesreferencetomanycommongaschromatogr
...

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Standard Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Determination of the color of petroleum products is used mainly for manufacturing control purposes and is an important quality characteristic since color is readily observed by the user of the product. In some cases the color may serve as an indication of the degree of refinement of the material. When the color range of a particular product is known, a variation outside the established range can indicate possible contamination with another product. However, color is not always a reliable guide to product quality and should not be used indiscriminately in product specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the color of refined oils such as undyed motor and aviation gasoline, jet propulsion fuels, naphthas and kerosine, and, in addition, petroleum waxes and pharmaceutical white oils.  
Note 1: For determining the color of petroleum products darker than Saybolt Color − 16, see Test Method D1500.  
1.2 This test method reports results specific to this test method and recorded as, “Saybolt Color units.”  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or in SI units and which are not in parentheses are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
Note 2: Oil tubes and apparatus used in this test method have traditionally been marked in inches, (the tube is required to be etched with 1/8 in. divisions.) The Saybolt Color Numbers are aligned with inch, 1/2 in., 1/4 in., and 1/8 in. changes in the depth of oil. These fractional inch changes do not readily correspond to SI equivalents and in view of the preponderance of apparatus already in use and marked in inches, the inch/pound unit is regarded as the standard. However the test method does use SI units of length when the length is not directly related to divisions on the oil tube and Saybolt Color Numbers. The test method uses SI units for temperature.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7152-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity of a Blend of Petroleum Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Predicting the viscosity of a blend of components is a common problem. Both the Wright Blending Method and the ASTM Blending Method, described in this practice, may be used to solve this problem.  
5.2 The inverse problem, predicating the required blend fractions of components to meet a specified viscosity at a given temperature may also be solved using either the Inverse Wright Blending Method or the Inverse ASTM Blending Method.  
5.3 The Wright Blending Methods are generally preferred since they have a firmer basis in theory, and are more accurate. The Wright Blending Methods require component viscosities to be known at two temperatures. The ASTM Blending Methods are mathematically simpler and may be used when viscosities are known at a single temperature.  
5.4 Although this practice was developed using kinematic viscosity and volume fraction of each component, the dynamic viscosity or mass fraction, or both, may be used instead with minimal error if the densities of the components do not differ greatly. For fuel blends, it was found that viscosity blending using mass fractions gave more accurate results. For base stock blends, there was no significant difference between mass fraction and volume fraction calculations.  
5.5 The calculations described in this practice have been computerized as a spreadsheet and are available as an adjunct.3
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the estimated kinematic viscosity of a blend of two or more petroleum products, such as lubricating oil base stocks, fuel components, residual fuel oil with kerosene, crude oils, and related products, from their kinematic viscosities and blend fractions.  
1.2 This practice allows for the estimation of the fraction of each of two petroleum products needed to prepare a blend meeting a specific viscosity.  
1.3 This practice may not be applicable to other types of products, or to materials which exhibit strong non-Newtonian properties, such as viscosity index improvers, additive packages, and products containing particulates.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Logarithms may be either common logarithms or natural logarithms, as long as the same are used consistently. This practice uses common logarithms. If natural logarithms are used, the inverse function, exp(×), must be used in place of the base 10 exponential function, 10×, used herein.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2887-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions provides an insight into the composition of feedstocks and products related to petroleum refining processes. The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are essentially equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D2892). They are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillations such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160.  
5.3 Procedure B was tested with biodiesel mixtures and reports the Boiling Point Distribution of FAME esters of vegetable and animal origin mixed with ultra low sulfur diesel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538 °C (1000 °F) or lower at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55.5 °C (100 °F), and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.
Note 1: Since a boiling range is the difference between two temperatures, only the constant of 1.8 °F/°C is used in the conversion of the temperature range from one system of units to another.  
1.1.1 Procedure A (Sections 6 – 14)—Allows a larger selection of columns and analysis conditions such as packed and capillary columns as well as a Thermal Conductivity Detector in addition to the Flame Ionization Detector. Analysis times range from 14 min to 60 min.  
1.1.2 Procedure B (Sections 15 – 23)—Is restricted to only 3 capillary columns and requires no sample dilution. In addition, Procedure B is used not only for the sample types described in Procedure A but also for the analysis of samples containing biodiesel mixtures B5, B10, and B20. The analysis time, when using Procedure B (Accelerated D2887), is reduced to about 8 min.  
1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of gasoline samples or gasoline components. These types of samples must be analyzed by Test Method D7096.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4952-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur present as mercaptans or as hydrogen sulfide in distillate fuels and solvents can attack many metallic and non-metallic materials in fuel and other distribution systems. A negative result in the doctor test ensures that the concentration of these compounds is insufficient to cause such problems in normal use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is intended primarily for the detection of mercaptans in motor fuel, kerosine, and similar petroleum products. This method may also provide information on hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur that may be present in these sample types.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see 7.3.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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