ASTM E2195-09

Standard Terminology Relating to the Examination of Questioned Documents (Withdrawn 2018)

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard includes terms that relate to the examination performed by forensic document examiners.
Note 1—The terms in the Terminology Section refer to typical copybook styles of writing and do not account for exceptional forms.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This terminology standard includes terms that relate to the examination performed by forensic document examiners.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this terminology was withdrawn in January 2018 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2009
• Withdrawal Date: 18-Jan-2018
• ICS: 01.040.11 - Health care technology (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 11.020 - Medical sciences and health care facilities in general
• Technical Committee: E30 - Forensic Sciences
• Drafting Committee: E30.90 - Executive

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2195 − 09
Standard Terminology Relating to the
1
Examination of Questioned Documents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2195; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope cursive,n—a type of writing in which the letters are joined and
the writing instrument is not lifted after most strokes.
1.1 This terminology standard includes terms that relate to
the examination performed by forensic document examiners.
descender, n—a stroke that extends below the baseline of the
NOTE 1—The terms in the Terminology Section refer to typical
body of the letter formation
copybook styles of writing and do not account for exceptional forms.
drag stroke, n—a stroke resulting from incomplete lifting of
2. Referenced Documents
the pen.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
guided signature, n—a signature executed by a writer while a
E444 Guide for Scope of Work of Forensic Document
writer’s hand arm, or writing instrument is influenced or
Examiners
controlled by another.
3. Terminology
hand printing,n—astyleofwritinginwhichthelettersarenot
apex, n—the uppermost point of a character. joined and the writing instrument is lifted after most strokes.
ascender,n—a stroke that rises above the height of the body of
hesitation, n—a pause in the writing without the instrument
the letter formation. being lifted.
assisted hand signature, n—a signature executed by a writer
individualizing characteristic, n—marks or properties that
while the writer’s hand, arm, or writing instrument is
serve to individualize writing.
steadied or stabilized by another.
indentations,n—latent or visible impressions in paper or other
awkward hand, n—see unaccustomed hand.
media.
baseline ,n—the ruled or imaginary line upon which writing or
line quality, n—the sum total of the attributes of the writing
typewriting appears to rest.
movement (for example, speed, pressure, and skill).
character, n—any language symbol (for example, letter,
loop, n—a formation that curves and crosses itself.
numeral, punctuation mark, or other sign), other symbol or
ornament. manuscript, n—see handprinting.
connecting stroke, n—a line joining two adjacent characters.
model signature, n—a signature that is used as a prototype for
a simulation or copy, by manual electronic or other means.
cross stroke, n—a stroke that crosses another portion of the
character and is not attached at either end. (For example, the
patching, n—retouching a portion of a written stroke.
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