E30.90 - Executive

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedures outlined here are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic document examination. By following these requirements and procedures, an appropriate trainee (see 5.2) can acquire the scientific, technical, and other specialized knowledge, skill, and experience required to reliably perform the work of a forensic document examiner (Guide E444).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides minimum requirements and procedures that should be used for the fundamental training of forensic document examiners (Guide E444).
1.2 This guide may not cover all aspects of training for the topics addressed or for unusual or uncommon examinations.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide provides minimum requirements and procedures that should be used for the fundamental training of forensic document examiners (Guide E4441).
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this guide was withdrawn in July 2020 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedures outlined here are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic document examination and related fields. By following these procedures, a forensic document examiner can reliably process liquid soaked documents to optimize their preservation.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E444) for the preservation of liquid soaked documents.
1.2 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency of the material requiring preservation.
1.3 The particular methods employed in a given case will depend upon the nature of the material requiring preservation.
1.4 This guide does not cover all procedures to preserve unusual or uncommon liquid soaked documents. Consultation with a document conservationist, archivist, or related material expert, as well as reference materials, may be necessary.
1.5 This guide does not replace knowledge, skill, ability, experience, education, or training (Guide E2388) and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E4441) for the preservation of liquid soaked documents.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this guide was withdrawn in January 2020 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedures outlined here are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic document examination and related fields. By following these procedures, a forensic document examiner can reliably process charred documents to optimize their preservation.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E444) for the preservation of charred documents.
1.2 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency of the material requiring preservation.
1.3 The particular methods employed in a given case will depend upon the nature of the material available for preservation.
1.4 This guide does not cover all procedures to preserve charred documents. Consultation with a document conservationist, archivist, or related material expert, as well as reference materials, may be necessary.
1.5 This guide does not replace knowledge, skill, ability, experience, education, or training (Guide E2388) and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E4441) for the preservation of charred documents.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this guide was withdrawn in January 2020 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedures outlined here are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic document examination, forensic photography, and forensic digital imaging. By following these procedures a forensic document examiner can use image capture technology reliably in support of examinations. This support can include:
Documentation of the item(s) submitted for examination, its condition upon receipt, and its condition at various points during the examination process;
Demonstration of findings and the bases for determinations;
Visualization of features and characteristics not readily perceptible to the human eye.  
The effects of prior storage, handling, testing, or chemical processing (for example, for latent prints) can interfere with certain characteristics to an extent that can limit (or even preclude) subsequent imaging. Whenever possible, capture images of the item to be examined prior to any chemical processing. Handle items appropriately to avoid compromising subsequent examinations of any kind.
The technological evolution of hardware, or software, or both can impact subsequent ability to access archived images.
Note 1—For further discussion see SWGIT, Section 1.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides procedures to be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E444) using image capture and storage technology.  
1.2 These procedures are applicable whether the use of the image capture technology involves an item(s) associated with a matter under investigation (questioned or known items), or is for reference.
1.3 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency of the available imaging capture and storage technologies.
1.4 Procedures are also outlined for image archiving.
1.5 The particular methods employed in a given case depend upon the nature of the item, or the question at hand, or both.
1.6 This practice might not cover all aspects of the use of image capture and storage technology involving unusual or uncommon items.
1.7 This practice cannot replace the requisite knowledge, skills, or abilities acquired through appropriate education, training (Guide E2388), and experience and should be used in conjunction with sound professional judgment.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice provides procedures to be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E4441) using image capture and storage technology.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this practice was withdrawn in January 2020 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard includes terms that relate to the examination performed by forensic document examiners.
Note 1—The terms in the Terminology Section refer to typical copybook styles of writing and do not account for exceptional forms.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This terminology standard includes terms that relate to the examination performed by forensic document examiners.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this terminology was withdrawn in January 2018 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

ABSTRACT
This guide describes the general duties and scope of work of forensic document examiners, also referred to as questioned document examiners, examiners of questioned documents, document examiners, or document analysts. A forensic document examiner makes scientific examinations, comparisons, and analyses of documents for purposes that shall aid the users of the examiner's service in understanding the examiner's findings.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes, in general, the duties of forensic document examiners, also referred to as questioned document examiners, examiners of questioned documents, document examiners, or document analysts.
1.2 This document can provide guidance to anyone encountering matters involving forensic document examination.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide describes, in general, the duties of forensic document examiners, also referred to as questioned document examiners, examiners of questioned documents, document examiners, or document analysts.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this guide was withdrawn in January 2018 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is intended for, but may not be limited to, physical match examinations of paper items. The physical matching or realignment of items of evidence may occur in two or three dimensions.
The procedures outlined here are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic document examination. By following these procedures, a forensic document examiner can reliably reach an opinion concerning whether or not two or more paper fragments were at one time parts of a single piece of paper.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E 444) for examinations and comparisons to determine whether or not two or more paper fragments were at one time joined to form a single piece of paper.
1.2 These procedures are applicable whether the examination(s) and comparison(s) is of questioned and known items or of exclusively questioned items.
1.3 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency of the material available for examination.
1.4 The particular methods employed in a given case will depend upon the nature sufficiency of the material available for examination.
1.5 This guide may not cover all aspects of unusual or uncommon examinations.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E4441) for examinations and comparisons to determine whether or not two or more paper fragments were at one time joined to form a single piece of paper.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this practice was withdrawn in January 2018 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedures outlined here are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic document examination. By following these procedures, a forensic document examiner can reliably reach an opinion concerning whether a particular single-strike ribbon or lift-off correction tape was used in the preparation of a specific typed text.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E 444) for examinations and comparisons involving single-strike film ribbons with typed text and related procedures.
1.2 These procedures are applicable whether the examination and comparison is of questioned and known items or of exclusively questioned items.
1.3 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency of the material submitted for examination.
1.4 These procedures are also generally applicable to examinations of lift-off and cover-up correction tapes and sheets.
1.5 These procedures may also be applicable (in whole or in part) to examinations of carbon paper and carbon copies or of documents produced with certain non-impact printing devices (for example, printing devices using a thermal imaging transfer ribbon).
1.6 The particular methods employed in a given case will depend upon the nature of the material available for examination.
1.7 This guide may not cover all aspects of unusual or uncommon examinations.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E4441) for examinations and comparisons involving single-strike film ribbons with typed text and related procedures.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this guide was withdrawn in January 2018 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedures outlined here are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic document examination. By following these procedures, a forensic document examiner can reliably reach an opinion concerning whether two or more dry seal impressions have a common origin, or if a dry seal impression was created by a specific dry seal device.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E 444) for examinations and comparisons involving dry seal devices and their impressions.
1.2 These procedures are applicable whether the examination(s) and comparison(s) is of questioned and known items or of exclusively questioned items.
1.3 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency of the material available for examination.
1.4 The particular methods employed in a given case will depend upon the nature and sufficiency of the material available for examination.
1.5 This guide may not cover all aspects of particularly unusual or uncommon examinations.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E4441) for examinations and comparisons involving dry seal devices and their impressions.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this guide was withdrawn in January 2017 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedures outlined here are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic document examination. By following these procedures, a forensic document examiner can reliably reach an opinion concerning the source of the item(s) examined.
The examinations described in this guide pertain to those documents prepared on typewriters and can consist of a wide range of forensic examinations. Some or all of these procedures can also be applicable to examinations of documents prepared on other impact and nonimpact printing devices.
Examinations can be conducted to classify a typestyle and to determine the possible make and model of typewriter(s) by comparison with a typestyle library.
Examinations and comparisons of typewritten documents can be conducted for the purpose of determining whether or not they are from a common source.  
Examinations and comparisons of typewritten documents can be conducted for the purpose of determining whether or not they were produced using a particular typewriter or type element.
Examinations and comparisons of a typewritten document(s) with a typewriter (or particular part(s) of a typewriter) or type element can be conducted for the purpose of determining whether or not a document was prepared with that equipment.
Examinations and comparisons of a typewritten document(s) with typewritten documents of known date can be conducted for the purpose of determining whether or not a document was prepared on or about the date indicated.
Examinations of typewritten documents can be conducted for the purpose of determining whether or not a document was typed in a single, continuous operation.
Examinations of typewriter ribbons or correction media (see lift-off and cover-up), or both, can be conducted to determine the content or source of the material typed on them or corrected with them, respectively.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E 444) for examinations and comparisons involving typewritten items and related procedures.
1.2 These procedures are applicable whether the examination and comparison is of questioned and known items or of exclusively questioned items.
1.3 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency of the material (questioned, or known, or both) available for examination.
1.4 Procedures are also given for taking exemplars from typewriters and the proper handling of typewriters or parts of typewriters that might be relevant.
1.5 These methods can also be applicable (in whole or in part) to examinations of documents prepared on other impact and nonimpact printing devices.
1.6 The particular methods employed in a given case will depend upon the nature of the material available for examination.
1.7 This guide might not cover all aspects of unusual or uncommon examinations of typewritten items.
1.8 This guide cannot replace training (Guide E 2388) or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.  
1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide covers procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E4441) for examinations and comparisons involving typewritten items and related procedures.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this guide was withdrawn in January 2017 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees,...

ABSTRACT
This guide describes the equipments required and standard procedures for investigations that should be performed by forensic document examiners for examinations and comparisons involving mechanical checkwriters and their impressions (exclusive of rubber stamp checkwriter impressions or computer generated checkwriter impressions). These procedures, which are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic document examination, will depend upon the nature and sufficiency of the materials available. This guide, however, may not cover all aspects of particularly unusual or uncommon examinations.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedures outlined here are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic document examination. By following these procedures, a forensic document examiner can reliably reach an opinion concerning whether two or more impressions were created by the same checkwriter, whether a particular checkwriter created the specific impression, or the determination of the make and model of checkwriter that made an impression.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides procedures for examinations that should be used by forensic document examiners (E 444) for examinations and comparisons involving mechanical checkwriters and their impressions (exclusive of rubber stamp checkwriter impressions or computer generated checkwriter impressions).
1.2 These procedures are applicable whether the examination(s) and comparison(s) are of questioned and known items or of exclusively questioned items.
1.3 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency of the material available for examination.
1.4 The particular methods employed in a given case will depend upon the nature and sufficiency of the material available for examination.
1.5 This guide may not cover all aspects of particularly unusual or uncommon examinations.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide provides procedures for examinations that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E4441) for examinations and comparisons involving mechanical checkwriters and their impressions (exclusive of rubber stamp checkwriter impressions or computer generated checkwriter impressions).
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this guide was withdrawn in January 2017 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedures outlined here are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic document examination. By following these procedures, a forensic document examiner can reliably reach an opinion concerning whether two or more impressions have a common origin or if a rubber stamp impression was created by a specific rubber stamp.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (E 444) for examinations and comparisons involving rubber stamps and their impressions.
1.2 These procedures are applicable whether the examination(s) and comparison(s) is of questioned and known items or of exclusively questioned items.
1.3 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency of the material available for examination.
1.4 The particular methods employed in a given case will depend upon the nature and sufficiency of the material available for examination.
1.5 This guide may not cover all aspects of particularly unusual or uncommon examinations.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E4441) for examinations and comparisons involving rubber stamps and their impressions.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this guide was withdrawn in January 2017 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Document examiners begin examinations from a point of neutrality. There are an infinite number of gradations of opinion toward an identification or toward an elimination. It is in those cases wherein the opinion is less than definite that careful attention is especially needed in the choice of language used to convey the weight of the evidence.
Common sense dictates that we must limit the terminology we use in expressing our degrees of confidence in the evidence to terms that are readily understandable to those who use our services (including investigators, attorneys, judges, and jury members), as well as to other document examiners. The expressions used to differentiate the gradations of opinions should not be considered as strongly defined “categories”. These expressions should be guidelines without sharply defined boundaries.  
When a forensic document examiner chooses to use one of the terms defined below, the listener or reader can assume that this is what the examiner intended the term to mean. To avoid the possibility of misinterpretation of a term where the expert is not present to explain the guidelines in this standard, the appropriate definition(s) could be quoted in or appended to reports.
The examples are given both in the first person and in third person since both methods of reporting are used by document examiners and since both forms meet the main purpose of the standard, i. e., to suggest terminology that is readily understandable. These examples should not be regarded as the only ways to utilize probability statements in reports and testimony. In following any guidelines, the examiner should always bear in mind that sometimes the examination will lead into paths that cannot be anticipated and that no guidelines can cover exactly.
Although the material that follows deals with handwriting, forensic document examiners may apply this terminology to other examinations within the scope of their work, as described in Guide E 444, and it may be use...
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is intended to assist forensic document examiners in expressing conclusions or opinions based on their examinations.
1.2 The terms in this terminology are based on the report of a committee of the Questioned Document Section of the American Academy of Forensic Science that was adopted as the recommended guidelines in reports and testimony by the Questioned Document Section of the American Academy of Forensic Science and the American Board of Forensic Document Examiners .
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This terminology is intended to assist forensic document examiners in expressing conclusions or opinions based on their examinations.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this terminology was withdrawn in January 2017 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedures outlined here are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic document examination. By following these procedures, a forensic document examiner can reliably reach an opinion concerning whether two or more handwritten items were written by the same person(s).  
Note 2—The phrase “written by the same person(s)” refers to physical generation of the writing, not to intellectual ownership of the content.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (E 444) for examinations and comparisons involving handwritten items and related procedures.
1.2 These procedures are applicable whether the examination and comparison is of questioned and known items or of exclusively questioned items.
1.3 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency of the material (questioned, or known, or both) available for examination.
1.4 The particular methods employed in a given case will depend upon the nature of the material available for examination.
1.5 This guide may not cover all aspects of unusual or uncommon examinations of handwritten items.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E444) for examinations and comparisons involving handwritten items and related procedures.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this guide was withdrawn in January 2016 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedures outlined here are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic document examination. By following these procedures, a forensic document examiner can reliably reach an opinion concerning whether two or more documents produced with toner technology are from the same device, whether a particular device created the document, or the determination of the make or model of a device.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E 444) for examinations of documents produced with toner technology, and related procedures.
1.2 These procedures are applicable whether the examination is of questioned and known item(s) or of exclusively questioned item(s).
1.3 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency of the material available for examination.
1.4 The particular methods used in a given case will depend upon the nature and sufficiency of the material available for examination.
1.5 This guide may not cover all aspects of unusual or uncommon examinations.
1.6 These methods are applicable to examinations involving photocopiers, printers, facsimile devices, and multifunction devices using toner technology.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E4441) for examinations of documents produced with toner technology, and related procedures.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this guide was withdrawn in January 2015 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SCOPE
1.1 This Guide is intended to assist forensic examiners comparing writing or marking inks. Included in this analysis scheme are the necessary tools and techniques available to reach conclusions as to the common or different origin of two samples of ink.
1.2 Identifying ink formulas as to their manufacturer or time of manufacture as well as performing ink dating examinations are beyond the scope of this guide.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide is intended to assist forensic examiners comparing writing or marking inks.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this guide was withdrawn in January 2014 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedures outlined here are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic document examination. By following these procedures, a forensic document examiner can reliably evaluate the physical similarities or differences between papers that can lead to a determination as to whether papers originated from the same source.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (see Guide E444) for non-destructive examinations of paper.
1.2 These procedures are applicable whether the examination is of questioned and known items or of exclusively questioned items.
1.3 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency of the material available for examination.
1.4 The particular methods employed in a given case will depend upon the nature of the material available for examination.
1.5 This guide may not cover all aspects of particularly unusual or uncommon examinations of paper samples.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (see Guide ) for non-destructive examinations of paper.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this guide was withdrawn in January 2014 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedures outlined here are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic document examination. By following these procedures, a forensic document examiner can reliably reach an opinion concerning whether two or more documents produced with ink jet technology are from the same device, whether a particular device created the document, or the determination of the make or model of a device.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E 444) for examinations of documents produced with liquid inkjet technology and related procedures.
1.2 These procedures are applicable whether the examination is of a questioned and known item(s) or of exclusively questioned item(s).
1.3 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency of the material available for examination.
1.4 The particular methods employed in a given case will depend upon the nature and sufficiency of the material available for examination.
1.5 This guide may not cover all aspects of unusual or uncommon examinations.
1.6 These methods are applicable to examinations involving copiers, printers, facsimile devices, and multifunction devices using ink jet technology.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E444) for examinations of documents produced with liquid inkjet technology and related procedures.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this guide was withdrawn in January 2014 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedures outlined here are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic document examination. By following these procedures, a forensic document examiner can reliably reach an opinion concerning whether a document has been altered.
SCOPE
1.1 This Guide provides procedures for examinations that should be used by forensic document examiners (E 444) for examinations involving altered documents.
1.2 These procedures are applicable whether the examination(s) are of questioned and known items, exclusively questioned items, or a single item.
1.3 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency of the material available for examination.
1.4 The particular methods employed in a given case will depend upon the nature of the material available for examination.
1.5 This Guide may not cover all aspects of unusual or uncommon examinations.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide provides procedures for examinations that should be used by forensic document examiners for examinations involving altered documents.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this guide was withdrawn in July 2013 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers assisting forensic examiners in identifying writing inks. Included in this analysis scheme are the necessary tools and techniques which have been successfully utilized to reach conclusions as to the common or different origin of two samples of ink.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide covers assisting forensic examiners in identifying writing inks.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this guide was withdrawn in January 2013 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
When sheets of paper are in direct or indirect contact with one another, impressions on the top sheet can produce indentations on the sheet(s) below.
This guide establishes procedures for visualizing those indentations.
4.2.1 These procedures are essentially non-destructive; however, pencil writing and single-strike ribbon typing can be partially lifted from the document by EDD. Although this effect can be minimal, adequate documentation of such items should precede EDD.
Paper fiber disturbances caused by erasures or present in torn paper edges may be visualized using this guide.
Electrostatic detection device (EDD) examinations may be useful in developing other types of impressions on paper items (for example, typewritten material, shoeprints and latent prints).
The procedures outlined here are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic document examination. By following these procedures, a forensic document examiner can reliably reach an opinion concerning indentations.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (E 444) for examinations and comparisons involving visualization and recording of indentations.
1.2 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency of the material available for examination.
1.3 The particular methods employed in a given case will depend upon the nature of the material available for examination.
1.4 This guide may not cover all aspects of unusual or uncommon examinations.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners for examinations and comparisons involving visualization and recording of indentations.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this guide was withdrawn in July 2012 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.